iOS客户端的APNS服务简介与实现

APNs －－Apple Push Notification Service

APNs ×××送服务器
Device 安装带有推送服务程序的iPhone手机
Provider 程序服务器，把须要推送的信息发给 APNs
DeviceToken 在Device第一次链接APNs时，由APNs生成的通过加密的链接认证信息。在之后的链接中，不管时Provider到APNs仍是APNs到Device 都须要 DeviceToken做为认证。
Payload 须要推送的消息的主体内容。alert－alert消息的消息体，按键标题等badge－显示在程序icon右上角的数字，sound－声音提示文件的文件名，该声音资源文件要在程序包中。

总体流程大致分为五个步骤：
1:  Device －－> 链接－－>  APNs  获取 DeviceToken
2:  Device －－>链接－－ > Provider 提供 DeviceToken

3:  Provider侦测须要push的消息生成Notification信息

4:  Provider侦把要push的消息推送到APNs
5:  APNs把该消息推送到手机

 

介绍完APNS的概况，下面再了解一下具体的实现方法:

注：先申请APNS的证书，再进行如下操做。

1. 将app注册notification里面, 并从APNS上获取测试机的deviceToken.

 

1. - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
2.    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotificationTypes:(UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge | UIRemoteNotificationTypeSound)];
3.        // other codes here.
4.    return YES;
5. }
6.  
7. - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken {
8.    NSLog(@”deviceToken: %@”, deviceToken);
9. }
10.  
11. - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)error {
12.    NSLog(@”Error in registration. Error: %@”, error);
13. }
14.  
15. - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo
16. {
17.    NSLog(@” 收到推送消息 ： %@”,[[userInfo objectForKey:@"aps"] objectForKey:@”alert”]);
18.    if ([[userInfo objectForKey:@"aps"] objectForKey:@”alert”]!=NULL) {
19.        UIAlertView* alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@”推送通知”
20.                                                        message:[[userInfo objectForKey:@"aps"] objectForKey:@”alert”]
21.                                                       delegate:self
22.                                              cancelButtonTitle:@” 关闭”
23.                                              otherButtonTitles:@” 更新状态”,nil];
24.        [alert show];
25.        [alert release];
26.    }
27. }

 

启动程序，将app注册到通知项后，在console里面找到打印的deviceToken：

 

1. deviceToken: <6974ac11 870e09fa 00e2238e 8cfafc7d 2052e342 182f5b57 fabca445 42b72e1b>

 

2. 生成app在服务端须要的许可证
1）进入Provisioning Portal, 下载Certificates在development下的证书。
2） 找到须要测试的app id,而后enable它在development下的Apple Push Notification service: Development Push SSL Certificate。须要输入1）中的签名证书才能够生成一个aps_developer_identity.cer.
3) 双击aps_developer_identity.cer，会打开系统的key chain. 在My certificates下找到Apple Development Push Services。须要为certificate和它之下的private key各自export出一个.p12文件。(会出现设置密码过程)
4）须要将上面的2个.p12文件转成.pem格式：

 

1. openssl pkcs12 -clcerts -nokeys -out cert.pem -in cert.p12

 

 

 

1. openssl pkcs12 -nocerts -out key.pem -in key.p12

 
5）若是须要对 key不进行加密：
 

1. openssl rsa -in key.pem -out key.unencrypted.pem

 
6）而后就能够 合并两个.pem文件, 这个ck.pem就是服务端须要的证书了。
 

1. cat cert.pem key.unencrypted.pem > ck.pem

 

3. 服务端push通知到ANPS. 在cocoachina找到了两种方法:
1）php驱动。须要将ck.pem和php脚本放到server 上。所有的php代码是：
 

1. <?php
2. $deviceToken = ’6974ac11 870e09fa 00e2238e 8cfafc7d 2052e342 182f5b57 fabca445 42b72e1b’;
3. $pass = ’123456′;   // Passphrase for the private key (ck.pem file)
4.  
5. // Get the parameters from http get or from command line
6. $message = $_GET['message'] or $message = $argv[1] or $message = ‘A test message from worldcup’;
7. $badge = (int)$_GET['badge'] or $badge = (int)$argv[2];
8. $sound = $_GET['sound'] or $sound = $argv[3];
9.  
10. // Construct the notification payload
11. $body = array();
12. $body['aps'] = array(‘alert’ => $message);
13. if ($badge)
14.  $body['aps']['badge'] = $badge;
15. if ($sound)
16.  $body['aps']['sound'] = $sound;
17.  
18. /* End of Configurable Items */
19. $ctx = stream_context_create();
20. stream_context_set_option($ctx, ‘ssl’, ‘local_cert’, ‘ck.pem’);
21. // assume the private key passphase was removed.
22. stream_context_set_option($ctx, ‘ssl’, ‘passphrase’, $pass);
23.  
24. // connect to apns
25. $fp = stream_socket_client(‘ssl://gateway.sandbox.push.apple.com:2195′, $err, $errstr, 60, STREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT, $ctx);
26. if (!$fp) {
27.    print “Failed to connect $err $errstr\n”;
28.    return;
29. }
30. else {
31.   print “Connection OK\n<br/>”;
32. }
33.  
34. // send message
35. $payload = json_encode($body);
36. $msg = chr(0) . pack(“n”,32) . pack(‘H*’, str_replace(‘ ‘, ”, $deviceToken)) . pack(“n”,strlen($payload)) . $payload;
37. print “Sending message :” . $payload . “\n”;
38. fwrite($fp, $msg);
39. fclose($fp);
40. ?>

 
请 求一次 http://127.0.0.1/apns /apns.php?message=A%20test%20message%20from%20localhost&badge=2& sound=received5.caf就 会向APNS进行一次推送。个人请求结果以下：

 

1. Connection OK

                2. Sending message :{“aps”:{“alert”:”A test message from localhost”,”badge”:2,”sound”:”received5.caf”}}
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