Go语言官方没有实现MySQL数据库驱动，经常使用的开源MySQL数据库驱动实现以下：
（1）Go MySQL Driver
Go MySQL Driver支持database/sql接口，所有采用Go语言实现。
官方网站：
https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql/
（2）MyMySQL
MyMySQL支持database/sql接口，也支持自定义的接口，所有采用Go语言实现。
官方网站：
https://github.com/ziutek/mymysql
（3）GoMySQL
GoMySQL不支持database/sql接口，采用自定义接口，所有采用Go语言实现。
官方网站：
https://github.com/Philio/GoMySQLmysql
Go-MySQL-Driver优势：
（1）维护比较好。
（2）彻底支持database/sql接口。
（3）支持keepalive，保持长链接。
Go-MySQL-Driver安装以下：go get github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql
导入包：git
import "database/sql" import _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
登陆MySQL数据库，建立数据库create database student default character set utf8;github
func Open(driverName, dataSourceName string) (*DB, error)
driverName参数为数据库驱动名称。
dataSourceName是链接参数，参数格式以下：
user:password@tcp(host:port)/dbname?charset=utf8sql
func (db *DB) Prepare(query string) (*Stmt, error)
Prepare为后续查询或执行操做建立一个准备SQLfunc (s *Stmt) Exec(args ...interface{}) (Result, error)
使用给定参数执行准备的SQL语句func (s *Stmt) Query(args ...interface{}) (*Rows, error)
使用给定参数执行准备的SQL查询语句func (db *DB) Exec(query string, args ...interface{}) (Result, error)
执行SQL操做，query为SQL语句，能够接收可变参数，用于填充SQL语句的某些字段值。func (db *DB) Query(query string, args ...interface{}) (*Rows, error)
执行SQL查询操做，能够接收多个参数数据库
package main
import (
"database/sql"
"fmt"
_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
)
func errorHandler(err error) {
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err.Error())
}
}
var (
CREATE_TABLE = "CREATE TABLE student(" +
"sid INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT," +
"sname VARCHAR(64) NULL DEFAULT NULL," +
"age INT(10) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (sid))" +
"ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;"
)
// 创建数据库链接
func setupConnect() *sql.DB {
db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "root:xxxxxx@tcp(118.24.159.133:3306)/student?charset=utf8")
errorHandler(err)
return db
}
// 建立表
func CreateTable(db *sql.DB, sql string) {
_, err := db.Exec(sql)
errorHandler(err)
}
var INSERT_DATA = `INSERT INTO student(sid,sname,age) VALUES(?,?,?);`
// 插入数据
func Insert(db *sql.DB) {
db.Exec(INSERT_DATA, 1, "唐僧", 30)
}
var UPDATE_DATA = `UPDATE student SET age=28 WHERE sname="唐僧";`
// 修改数据
func Update(db *sql.DB) {
db.Exec(UPDATE_DATA)
}
var DELETE_DATA = `DELETE FROM student WHERE age>=30`
// 删除记录
func Delete(db *sql.DB) {
db.Exec(DELETE_DATA)
}
var DELETE_TABLE = `DROP TABLE student;`
// 删除表
func DeleteTable(db *sql.DB) {
db.Exec(DELETE_TABLE)
}
var QUERY_DATA = `SELECT * FROM student;`
// 查询数据
func Query(db *sql.DB) {
rows, err := db.Query(QUERY_DATA)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
for rows.Next() {
var name string
var id int
var age int
if err := rows.Scan(&id, &name, &age); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
fmt.Printf("%s is %d\n", name, age)
}
}
func main() {
// 创建数据链接
db := setupConnect()
// 建立数据库表
CreateTable(db, CREATE_TABLE)
// 插入数据
Insert(db)
// 查询数据
Query(db)
// 删除数据
Delete(db)
// 插入数据
Insert(db)
// 修改数据
Update(db)
// 查询数据
Query(db)
// 删除表
DeleteTable(db)
// 关闭数据库链接
db.Close()
}
func (db *DB) Begin() (*Tx, error)
开启事务，从链接池中取出一个*TX类型链接。使用TX类型链接能够进行回滚事务和提交事务。func (tx *Tx) Commit() error
提交事务func (tx *Tx) Rollback() error
回滚func (tx *Tx) Exec(query string, args ...interface{}) (Result, error)
执行SQL操做func (tx *Tx) Query(query string, args ...interface{}) (*Rows, error)
执行SQL查询操做安全
// 支持事务回滚机制的批量数据插入
func MultiInsert(db *sql.DB) {
// 批量数据插入
tx, err := db.Begin()
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
values := [][]interface{}{{2, "孙悟空", 500}, {3, "猪八戒", 200}, {4, "沙悟净", 100}}
stmt, err := tx.Prepare("INSERT INTO student(sid,sname,age) VALUES(?,?,?);")
for _, val := range values {
_, err := stmt.Exec(val...)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("INSERT failed：%v", err)
tx.Rollback()
}
}
tx.Commit()
}
func sql.Open(driverName, dataSourceName string) (*DB, error)
sql.Open返回一个DB对象，DB对象对于多个goroutines并发使用是安全的，DB对象内部封装了链接池。Open函数并无建立链接，只是验证参数是否合法，而后开启一个单独goroutine去监听是否须要创建新的链接，当有请求创建新链接时就建立新链接。func (db *DB) Exec(query string, args ...interface{}) (Result, error)
执行不返回行（row）的查询，好比INSERT，UPDATE，DELETE
DB交给内部的exec方法负责查询。exec会首先调用DB内部的conn方法从链接池里面得到一个链接。而后检查内部的driver.Conn是否实现了Execer接口，若是实现了Execer接口，会调用Execer接口的Exec方法执行查询；不然调用Conn接口的Prepare方法负责查询。func (db *DB) Query(query string, args ...interface{}) (*Rows, error)
用于查询，DB交给内部的query方法负责查询。query首先调用DB内部的conn方法从链接池里面得到一个链接，而后调用内部的queryConn方法负责查询。func (db *DB) Prepare(query string) (*Stmt, error)
返回一个Stmt。Stmt对象能够执行Exec,Query,QueryRow等操做。DB交给内部的prepare方法负责查询。prepare首先调用DB内部的conn方法从链接池里面得到一个链接，而后调用driverConn的prepareLocked方法负责查询。func (db *DB) Begin() (*Tx, error)
开启事务，返回Tx对象。调用Begin方法后，TX会与指定的链接绑定，一旦事务提交或者回滚，事务绑定的链接就还给DB的链接池。DB交给内部的begin方法负责处理。begin首先调用DB内部的conn方法从链接池里面得到一个链接，而后调用Conn接口的Begin方法得到一个TX。
进行MySQL数据库操做时，若是每次SQL操做都从DB对象的链接池中获取链接，则会在很大程度上损耗效率。所以，必须尽可能在一个链接上执行SQL操做。并发
package main
import (
"database/sql"
"fmt"
"strconv"
"time"
_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
)
var db = &sql.DB{}
func init() {
db, _ = sql.Open("mysql", "root:xxxxxx@tcp(118.24.159.133:3306)/student?charset=utf8")
CREATE_TABLE := "CREATE TABLE student(" +
"sid INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT," +
"sname VARCHAR(64) NULL DEFAULT NULL," +
"age INT(10) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (sid))" +
"ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;"
db.Exec(CREATE_TABLE)
}
func update() {
//方式1 update
start := time.Now()
for i := 1001; i <= 1100; i++ {
db.Exec("UPDATE student set age=? where sid=? ", i, i)
}
end := time.Now()
fmt.Println("db.Exec update total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
//方式2 update
start = time.Now()
for i := 1101; i <= 1200; i++ {
stm, _ := db.Prepare("UPDATE student set age=? where sid=? ")
stm.Exec(i, i)
stm.Close()
}
end = time.Now()
fmt.Println("db.Prepare 释放链接 update total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
//方式3 update
start = time.Now()
stm, _ := db.Prepare("UPDATE student set age=? where sid=?")
for i := 1201; i <= 1300; i++ {
stm.Exec(i, i)
}
stm.Close()
end = time.Now()
fmt.Println("db.Prepare 不释放链接 update total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
//方式4 update
start = time.Now()
tx, _ := db.Begin()
for i := 1301; i <= 1400; i++ {
tx.Exec("UPDATE student set age=? where sid=?", i, i)
}
tx.Commit()
end = time.Now()
fmt.Println("tx.Exec 不释放链接 update total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
//方式5 update
start = time.Now()
for i := 1401; i <= 1500; i++ {
tx, _ := db.Begin()
tx.Exec("UPDATE student set age=? where sid=?", i, i)
tx.Commit()
}
end = time.Now()
fmt.Println("tx.Exec 释放链接 update total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
}
func delete() {
//方式1 delete
start := time.Now()
for i := 1001; i <= 1100; i++ {
db.Exec("DELETE FROM student WHERE sid=?", i)
}
end := time.Now()
fmt.Println("db.Exec delete total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
//方式2 delete
start = time.Now()
for i := 1101; i <= 1200; i++ {
stm, _ := db.Prepare("DELETE FROM student WHERE sid=?")
stm.Exec(i)
stm.Close()
}
end = time.Now()
fmt.Println("db.Prepare 释放链接 delete total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
//方式3 delete
start = time.Now()
stm, _ := db.Prepare("DELETE FROM student WHERE sid=?")
for i := 1201; i <= 1300; i++ {
stm.Exec(i)
}
stm.Close()
end = time.Now()
fmt.Println("db.Prepare 不释放链接 delete total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
//方式4 delete
start = time.Now()
tx, _ := db.Begin()
for i := 1301; i <= 1400; i++ {
tx.Exec("DELETE FROM student WHERE sid=?", i)
}
tx.Commit()
end = time.Now()
fmt.Println("tx.Exec 不释放链接 delete total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
//方式5 delete
start = time.Now()
for i := 1401; i <= 1500; i++ {
tx, _ := db.Begin()
tx.Exec("DELETE FROM student WHERE sid=?", i)
tx.Commit()
}
end = time.Now()
fmt.Println("tx.Exec 释放链接 delete total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
}
func query() {
//方式1 query
start := time.Now()
rows, _ := db.Query("SELECT sid,sname FROM student")
defer rows.Close()
for rows.Next() {
var name string
var id int
if err := rows.Scan(&id, &name); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
}
end := time.Now()
fmt.Println("db.Query query total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
//方式2 query
start = time.Now()
stm, _ := db.Prepare("SELECT sid,sname FROM student")
defer stm.Close()
rows, _ = stm.Query()
defer rows.Close()
for rows.Next() {
var name string
var id int
if err := rows.Scan(&id, &name); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
}
end = time.Now()
fmt.Println("db.Prepare query total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
//方式3 query
start = time.Now()
tx, _ := db.Begin()
defer tx.Commit()
rows, _ = tx.Query("SELECT sid,sname FROM student")
defer rows.Close()
for rows.Next() {
var name string
var id int
if err := rows.Scan(&id, &name); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
}
end = time.Now()
fmt.Println("tx.Query query total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
}
func insert() {
//方式1 insert
start := time.Now()
for i := 1001; i <= 1100; i++ {
//每次循环内部都会去链接池获取一个新的链接，效率低下
db.Exec("INSERT INTO student(sid,sname,age) values(?,?,?)", i, "student"+strconv.Itoa(i), i-1000)
}
end := time.Now()
fmt.Println("db.Exec insert total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
//方式2 insert
start = time.Now()
for i := 1101; i <= 1200; i++ {
//Prepare函数每次循环内部都会去链接池获取一个新的链接，效率低下
stm, _ := db.Prepare("INSERT INTO student(sid,sname,age) values(?,?,?)")
stm.Exec(i, "student"+strconv.Itoa(i), i-1000)
stm.Close()
}
end = time.Now()
fmt.Println("db.Prepare 释放链接 insert total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
//方式3 insert
start = time.Now()
stm, _ := db.Prepare("INSERT INTO student(sid,sname,age) values(?,?,?)")
for i := 1201; i <= 1300; i++ {
//Exec内部并无去获取链接，为何效率仍是低呢？
stm.Exec(i, "user"+strconv.Itoa(i), i-1000)
}
stm.Close()
end = time.Now()
fmt.Println("db.Prepare 不释放链接 insert total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
//方式4 insert
start = time.Now()
//Begin函数内部会去获取链接
tx, _ := db.Begin()
for i := 1301; i <= 1400; i++ {
//每次循环用的都是tx内部的链接，没有新建链接，效率高
tx.Exec("INSERT INTO student(sid,sname,age) values(?,?,?)", i, "user"+strconv.Itoa(i), i-1000)
}
//最后释放tx内部的链接
tx.Commit()
end = time.Now()
fmt.Println("tx.Exec 不释放链接 insert total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
//方式5 insert
start = time.Now()
for i := 1401; i <= 1500; i++ {
//Begin函数每次循环内部都会去链接池获取一个新的链接，效率低下
tx, _ := db.Begin()
tx.Exec("INSERT INTO student(sid,sname,age) values(?,?,?)", i, "user"+strconv.Itoa(i), i-1000)
//Commit执行后释放链接
tx.Commit()
}
end = time.Now()
fmt.Println("tx.Exec 释放链接 insert total time:", end.Sub(start).Seconds())
}
func main() {
insert()
query()
update()
query()
delete()
}
// output:
// db.Exec insert total time: 2.069104068
// db.Prepare 释放链接 insert total time: 1.869348813
// db.Prepare 不释放链接 insert total time: 1.447833105
// tx.Exec 不释放链接 insert total time: 1.098540307
// tx.Exec 释放链接 insert total time: 3.465670469
// db.Query query total time: 0.005803479
// db.Prepare query total time: 0.010966584
// tx.Query query total time: 0.011800843
// db.Exec update total time: 2.117122871
// db.Prepare 释放链接 update total time: 2.132430998
// db.Prepare 不释放链接 update total time: 1.523685366
// tx.Exec 不释放链接 update total time: 1.346163272
// tx.Exec 释放链接 update total time: 3.129312377
// db.Query query total time: 0.00848425
// db.Prepare query total time: 0.013472261
// tx.Query query total time: 0.012418198
// db.Exec delete total time: 2.100008271
// db.Prepare 释放链接 delete total time: 1.9821439490000001
// db.Prepare 不释放链接 delete total time: 1.429259466
// tx.Exec 不释放链接 delete total time: 1.103143464
// tx.Exec 释放链接 delete total time: 2.863670582
从示例结果看，执行SQL操做时若是不释放链接，则效率比释放链接要高。tcp