所有采用小写方式, 如下划线分隔。 例:my_project_name
javascript
参照项目命名规则; 有复数结构时,要采用复数命名法。 例:scripts
, styles
, images
, data_models
css
参照项目命名规则。 例:account_model.js
html
参照项目命名规则。 例:retina_sprites.scss
java
参照项目命名规则。 例:error_report.html
jquery
缩进使用soft tab
(4个空格); 嵌套的节点应该缩进; 在属性上,使用双引号,不要使用单引号; 属性名全小写,用中划线作分隔符; 不要在自动闭合标签结尾处使用斜线(HTML5 规范 指出他们是可选的); 不要忽略可选的关闭标签,例: 和</body>
。 代码示例:git
```htmlgithub
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Page title</title> </head> <body> <img src="images/company_logo.png" alt="Company"> <h1 class="hello-world">Hello, world!</h1> </body> </html>
```web
在页面开头使用这个简单地doctype
来启用标准模式,使其在每一个浏览器中尽量一致的展示; 虽然doctype
不区分大小写,可是按照惯例,doctype
大写。 不一样doctype
在不一样浏览器下会触发不一样的渲染模式,访问下面连接了解更多 https://hsivonen.fi/doctype/http://www.w3school.com.cn/tags/tag_doctype.aspexpress
代码示例:数组
```html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> ... </html>
```
根据HTML5规范: 应在html标签上加上lang
属性。这会给语音工具和翻译工具帮助,告诉它们应当怎么去发音和翻译。 更多关于 lang
属性的说明在这里http://w3c.github.io/html/semantics.html#the-html-element 具体的语言列表请查看这里https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533052(v=vs.85).aspx
代码示例:
```html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-us"> ... </html>
```
经过声明一个明确的字符编码,让浏览器轻松、快速的肯定适合网页内容的渲染方式,一般指定为'UTF-8'
。 代码示例:
```html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> </head> ... </html>
```
用 <meta>
标签能够指定页面应该用什么版本的IE来渲染; 若是你想要了解更多,请点击这里http://www.tuicool.com/articles/ra6Fjuj
代码示例:
```html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <metahttp-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"content="IE=Edge"> </head> ... </html>
```
根据HTML5规范, 一般在引入CSS
和JS
时不须要指明 type
,由于 text/css
和 text/javascript
分别是他们的默认值。 HTML5 规范连接 使用link: http://www.w3school.com.cn/tags/tag_link.asp 使用style:http://www.w3school.com.cn/tags/tag_style.asp 使用script:http://www.w3school.com.cn/tags/tag_script.asp
代码示例:
```html
<!-- External CSS --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="code_guide.css"> <!-- In-document CSS --> <style> ... </style> <!-- External JS --> <script src="code_guide.js"></script> shux <!-- In-document JS --> <script> ... </script>
```
属性应该按照特定的顺序出现以保证易读性;
class id name data-* src, for, type, href, value , max-length, max, min, pattern placeholder, title, alt aria-*, role required, readonly, disabled
class
是为高可复用组件设计的,因此应处在第一位; id
更加具体且应该尽可能少使用,因此将它放在第二位。 代码示例:
```html
<a class="..." id="..." data-modal="toggle" href="#">Example link</a> <input class="form-control" type="text"> <img src="..."alt="...">
```
boolean
属性指不须要声明取值的属性,XHTML须要每一个属性声明取值,可是HTML5并不须要; 更多内容能够参考 https://whatwg-cn.github.io/html/# boolean-attributes:boolean
属性的存在表示取值为true
,不存在则表示取值为false
。
代码示例:
```html
<input type="text"disabled> <input type="checkbox" value="1" checked> <select> <option value="1" selected>1</option> </select>
```
在JS文件中生成标签让内容变得更难查找,更难编辑,性能更差。应该尽可能避免这种状况的出现。
在编写HTML代码时,须要尽可能避免多余的父节点; 不少时候,须要经过迭代和重构来使HTML变得更少。 代码示例:
```html
<!-- Not well --> <span class="avatar"> <img src="..."> </span> <!-- Better --> <img class="avatar" src="...">
```
尽可能遵循HTML标准和语义,可是不该该以浪费实用性做为代价; 任什么时候候都要用尽可能小的复杂度和尽可能少的标签来解决问题。
使用soft tab(4个空格)。 代码示例:
```css
.element{ position:absolute; top:10px; left:10px; border-radius:10px; width:50px; height:50px; }
```
每一个属性声明末尾都要加分号。 代码示例:
```css
.element{ width:20px; height:20px; background-color:red; }
```
如下几种状况不须要空格:
如下几种状况须要空格:
代码示例:
```css
/* not good */ .element { Color :red! important; background-color: rgba(0,0,0,.5); } /* good */ .element { color: red !important; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5); } /* not good */ .element , .dialog{ ... } /* good */ .element, .dialog { } /* not good */ .element>.dialog{ ... } /* good */ .element > .dialog{ ... } /* not good */ .element{ ... } /* good */ .element { ... } /* not good */ @if{ ... }@else{ ... } /* good */ @if { ... } @else { ... }
```
如下几种状况须要空行:
scss
中嵌套的规则代码示例:
```css
/* not good */ .element { ... } .dialog { color:red; &:after{ ... } } /* good */ .element { ... } .dialog { color:red; &:after{ ... } }
```
如下几种状况不须要换行:
如下几种状况须要换行:
代码示例:
```css
/* not good */ .element { color:red; background-color:black; } /* good */ .element { color:red; background-color:black; } /* not good */ .element,.dialog { ... } /* good */ .element, .dialog { ... }
```
scss
中也不要用'//'),具体参照示例中的写法;```css
/* Modal header */ .modal-header { ... } /* * Modal header */ .modal-header { ... } .modal-header { /* 50px */ width:50px; color:red; /* color red */ }
```
```css
element:after { content:""; background-image:url("logo.png"); } li[data-type="single"] { ... }
```
id
采用驼峰式命名scss
中的变量、函数、混合、placeholder
采用驼峰式命名代码示例:
```css
/* class */ .element-content { ... } /* id */ #myDialog { ... } /* 变量 */ $colorBlack:#000; /* 函数 */ @functionpxToRem($px) { ... } /* 混合 */ @mixincenterBlock { ... } /* placeholder */ %myDialog { ... }
```
相关的属性声明按右边的顺序作分组处理,组之间须要有一个空行。 代码示例:
```css
.declaration-order { display:block; float:right; position:absolute; top:0; right:0; bottom:0; left:0; z-index:100; border:1pxsolid#e5e5e5; border-radius:3px; width:100px; height:100px; font:normal13px"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; line-height:1.5; text-align:center; color:#333; background-color:#f5f5f5; opacity:1; } // 下面是推荐的属性的顺序 [ [ "display", "visibility", "float", "clear", "overflow", "overflow-x", "overflow-y", "clip", "zoom" ], [ "table-layout", "empty-cells", "caption-side", "border-spacing", "border-collapse", "list-style", "list-style-position", "list-style-type", "list-style-image" ], [ "-webkit-box-orient", "-webkit-box-direction", "-webkit-box-decoration-break", "-webkit-box-pack", "-webkit-box-align", "-webkit-box-flex" ], [ "position", "top", "right", "bottom", "left", "z-index" ], [ "margin", "margin-top", "margin-right", "margin-bottom", "margin-left", "-webkit-box-sizing", "-moz-box-sizing", "box-sizing", "border", "border-width", "border-style", "border-color", "border-top", "border-top-width", "border-top-style", "border-top-color", "border-right", "border-right-width", "border-right-style", "border-right-color", "border-bottom", "border-bottom-width", "border-bottom-style", "border-bottom-color", "border-left", "border-left-width", "border-left-style", "border-left-color", "-webkit-border-radius", "-moz-border-radius", "border-radius", "-webkit-border-top-left-radius", "-moz-border-radius-topleft", "border-top-left-radius", "-webkit-border-top-right-radius", "-moz-border-radius-topright", "border-top-right-radius", "-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius", "-moz-border-radius-bottomright", "border-bottom-right-radius", "-webkit-border-bottom-left-radius", "-moz-border-radius-bottomleft", "border-bottom-left-radius", "-webkit-border-image", "-moz-border-image", "-o-border-image", "border-image", "-webkit-border-image-source", "-moz-border-image-source", "-o-border-image-source", "border-image-source", "-webkit-border-image-slice", "-moz-border-image-slice", "-o-border-image-slice", "border-image-slice", "-webkit-border-image-width", "-moz-border-image-width", "-o-border-image-width", "border-image-width", "-webkit-border-image-outset", "-moz-border-image-outset", "-o-border-image-outset", "border-image-outset", "-webkit-border-image-repeat", "-moz-border-image-repeat", "-o-border-image-repeat", "border-image-repeat", "padding", "padding-top", "padding-right", "padding-bottom", "padding-left", "width", "min-width", "max-width", "height", "min-height", "max-height" ], [ "font", "font-family", "font-size", "font-weight", "font-style", "font-variant", "font-size-adjust", "font-stretch", "font-effect", "font-emphasize", "font-emphasize-position", "font-emphasize-style", "font-smooth", "line-height", "text-align", "-webkit-text-align-last", "-moz-text-align-last", "-ms-text-align-last", "text-align-last", "vertical-align", "white-space", "text-decoration", "text-emphasis", "text-emphasis-color", "text-emphasis-style", "text-emphasis-position", "text-indent", "-ms-text-justify", "text-justify", "letter-spacing", "word-spacing", "-ms-writing-mode", "text-outline", "text-transform", "text-wrap", "-ms-text-overflow", "text-overflow", "text-overflow-ellipsis", "text-overflow-mode", "-ms-word-wrap", "word-wrap", "-ms-word-break", "word-break" ], [ "color", "background", "filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader", "background-color", "background-image", "background-repeat", "background-attachment", "background-position", "-ms-background-position-x", "background-position-x", "-ms-background-position-y", "background-position-y", "-webkit-background-clip", "-moz-background-clip", "background-clip", "background-origin", "-webkit-background-size", "-moz-background-size", "-o-background-size", "background-size" ], [ "outline", "outline-width", "outline-style", "outline-color", "outline-offset", "opacity", "filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity", "-ms-filter:\\'progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha", "-ms-interpolation-mode", "-webkit-box-shadow", "-moz-box-shadow", "box-shadow", "filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient", "-ms-filter:\\'progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient", "text-shadow" ], [ "-webkit-transition", "-moz-transition", "-ms-transition", "-o-transition", "transition", "-webkit-transition-delay", "-moz-transition-delay", "-ms-transition-delay", "-o-transition-delay", "transition-delay", "-webkit-transition-timing-function", "-moz-transition-timing-function", "-ms-transition-timing-function", "-o-transition-timing-function", "transition-timing-function", "-webkit-transition-duration", "-moz-transition-duration", "-ms-transition-duration", "-o-transition-duration", "transition-duration", "-webkit-transition-property", "-moz-transition-property", "-ms-transition-property", "-o-transition-property", "transition-property", "-webkit-transform", "-moz-transform", "-ms-transform", "-o-transform", "transform", "-webkit-transform-origin", "-moz-transform-origin", "-ms-transform-origin", "-o-transform-origin", "transform-origin", "-webkit-animation", "-moz-animation", "-ms-animation", "-o-animation", "animation", "-webkit-animation-name", "-moz-animation-name", "-ms-animation-name", "-o-animation-name", "animation-name", "-webkit-animation-duration", "-moz-animation-duration", "-ms-animation-duration", "-o-animation-duration", "animation-duration", "-webkit-animation-play-state", "-moz-animation-play-state", "-ms-animation-play-state", "-o-animation-play-state", "animation-play-state", "-webkit-animation-timing-function", "-moz-animation-timing-function", "-ms-animation-timing-function", "-o-animation-timing-function", "animation-timing-function", "-webkit-animation-delay", "-moz-animation-delay", "-ms-animation-delay", "-o-animation-delay", "animation-delay", "-webkit-animation-iteration-count", "-moz-animation-iteration-count", "-ms-animation-iteration-count", "-o-animation-iteration-count", "animation-iteration-count", "-webkit-animation-direction", "-moz-animation-direction", "-ms-animation-direction", "-o-animation-direction", "animation-direction" ], [ "content", "quotes", "counter-reset", "counter-increment", "resize", "cursor", "-webkit-user-select", "-moz-user-select", "-ms-user-select", "user-select", "nav-index", "nav-up", "nav-right", "nav-down", "nav-left", "-moz-tab-size", "-o-tab-size", "tab-size", "-webkit-hyphens", "-moz-hyphens", "hyphens", "pointer-events" ] ]
```
颜色16进制用小写字母; 颜色16进制尽可能用简写。 代码示例:
```css
/* not good */ .element { color:#ABCDEF; background-color:#001122; } /* good */ .element { color:#abcdef; background-color:#012; }
```
属性简写须要你很是清楚属性值的正确顺序,并且在大多数状况下并不须要设置属性简写中包含的全部值,因此建议尽可能分开声明会更加清晰;margin
和 padding
相反,须要使用简写; 常见的属性简写包括:
font、background、transition、animation
代码示例:
```css
/* not good */ .element { transition: opacity 1s linear 2s; } /* good */ .element { transition-delay: 2s; transition-timing-function: linear; transition-duration: 1s; transition-property: opacity; }
```
尽可能将媒体查询的规则靠近与他们相关的规则,不要将他们一块儿放到一个独立的样式文件中,或者丢在文档的最底部,这样作只会让你们之后更容易忘记他们。 代码示例:
```css
.element { ... } .element-avatar{ ... } @media(min-width:480px) { .element { ... } .element-avatar { ... } }
```
@debug
;@extend
@content
的 @include
@content
的 @include
import
引入的文件不须要开头的'_'和结尾的'.scss
';@extend
中使用placeholder
选择器;代码示例:
```css
/* not good */ @import"_dialog.scss"; /* good */ @import"dialog"; /* not good */ .fatal { @extend .error; } /* good */ .fatal { @extend %error; } /* not good */ .element { &>.dialog { ... } } /* good */ .element { >.dialog { ... } }
```
不容许有空的规则:
border: 0
; 代替 border: none
;;scss
中若是超过4层应该考虑用嵌套的方式来写);@import
;代码示例:
```css
/* not good */ .element { } /* not good */ LI { ... } /* good */ li { ... } /* not good */ .element { color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5); } /* good */ .element { color:rgba(0,0,0,.5); } /* not good */ .element { width:50.0px; } /* good */ .element { width:50px; } /* not good */ .element { width:0px; } /* good */ .element { width:0; } /* not good */ .element { border-radius:3px; -webkit-border-radius:3px; -moz-border-radius:3px; background: linear-gradient(to bottom,#fff0,#eee100%); background:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#fff0,#eee100%); background:-moz-linear-gradient(top,#fff0,#eee100%); } /* good */ .element { -webkit-border-radius:3px; -moz-border-radius:3px; border-radius:3px; background:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#fff0,#eee100%); background:-moz-linear-gradient(top,#fff0,#eee100%); background:linear-gradient(to bottom,#fff0,#eee100%); } /* not good */ .element { color:rgb(0,0,0); width:50px; color:rgba(0,0,0,.5); } /* good */ .element { color:rgb(0,0,0); color:rgba(0,0,0,.5); }
```
使用soft tab
(4个空格)。 代码示例:
```js
var x =1, y =1; if (x < y) { x +=10; } else { x +=1; }
```
不要超过80,但若是编辑器开启word wrap
能够不考虑单行长度。
单个函数尽可能不要超过40行代码,无可奈何的状况下也不要超过100行。代码行数越多,产生BUG的几率越大,因此尽可能减小单个函数的代码行数是颇有必要的。减小单个函数的代码行数,对代码维护也是很是有益的。
如下几种状况后需加分号:
return
throw
break
continue
代码示例:
```js
/* var declaration */ var x =1; /* expression statement */ x++; /* do-while */ do { x++; } while (x <10);
```
如下几种状况不须要空格:
如下几种状况须要空格:
else
, while
, catch
, finally
if
, else
, for
, while
, do
, switch
, case
, try
, catch
, finally
, with
, return
, typeof
for
循环,分号后留有一个空格,前置条件若是有多个,逗号后留一个空格代码示例:
```js
// not good var a = { b :1 }; // good var a = { b: 1 }; // not good ++ x; Y ++; z = x?1:2; // good ++x; y++; z = x ? 1 : 2; // not good var a = [ 1, 2 ]; // good var a = [1, 2]; // not good var a = ( 1+2 )*3; // good var a = (1 + 2) *3; // no space before '(', one space before '{', one space between function parameters var doSomething = function(a, b, c) { // do something }; // no space before '(' doSomething(item); // not good for(i=0;i<6;i++){ x++; } // good for (i = 0; i <6; i++) { x++; }
```
如下几种状况须要空行:
代码示例:
```js
// need blank line after variable declaration var x =1; // not need blank line when variable declaration is last expression in the current block if (x >=1) { var y = x +1; } var a =2; // need blank line before line comment a++; function b() { // not need blank line when comment is first line of block return a; } // need blank line after blocks for (var i =0; i <2; i++) { if (true) { return false; } continue; } var obj = { foo:function() { return1; }, bar:function() { return2; } }; // not need blank line when in argument list, array, object func( 2, function() { a++; }, 3 ); var foo = [ 2, function() { a++; }, 3 ]; var foo = { a:2, b:function() { a++; }, c:3 };
```
换行的地方,行末必须有','或者运算符; 如下几种状况不须要换行:
else
,catch
, finally
如下几种状况须要换行:
代码示例:
```js
// not good var a = { b:1 , c:2 }; x = y ?1:2; // good var a = { b: 1, c: 2 }; x = y ? 1 : 2; x =y ? 1:2; // no need line break with 'else', 'catch', 'finally' if (condition) { ... } else { ... } try { ... } catch (e) { ... } finally { ... } // not good function test() { ... } // good function test() { ... } // not good var a, foo =7, b, c, bar =8; // good var a, foo=7, b, c, bar =8;
```
代码示例:
```js
if (condition) { // if you made it here, then all security checks passed allowed(); } var zhangsan = 'zhangsan'; // one space after code
```
最少三行, '*'后跟一个空格,具体参照右边的写法; 建议在如下状况下使用:
代码示例:
```js
/* * one space after '*' */ var x =1;
```
各种标签@param
, @method
等请参考http://yuri4ever.github.io/jsdoc/;
建议在如下状况下使用:
代码示例:
```js
/** * @func * @desc一个带参数的函数 * @param {string} a - 参数a * @param {number} b=1 - 参数b默认值为1 * @param {string} c=1 - 参数c有两种支持的取值</br>1—表示x</br>2—表示xx * @param {object} d - 参数d为一个对象 * @param {string} d.e - 参数d的e属性 * @param {string} d.f - 参数d的f属性 * @param {object[]} g - 参数g为一个对象数组 * @param {string} g.h - 参数g数组中一项的h属性 * @param {string} g.i - 参数g数组中一项的i属性 * @param {string} [j] - 参数j是一个可选参数 */ function foo(a, b, c, d, g, j) { ... }
```
最外层统一使用单引号。 代码示例:
```js
// not good var x ="test"; // good var y ='foo', z ='<div id="test"></div>';
```
cgi
返回的数据)ID
'在变量名中全大写URL
'在变量名中全大写Android
'在变量名中大写第一个字母iOS
'在变量名中小写第一个,大写后两个字母jquery
对象必须以'$'开头命名代码示例:
```js
var thisIsMyName; var goodID; var reportURL; var AndroidVersion; var iOSVersion; var MAX_COUNT =10; function Person(name) { this.name = name; } // not good var body = $('body'); // good var $body = $('body');
```
var
声明多个变量,而且5个变量为一组,超过5个另起一组。代码示例:
```js
function doSomethingWithItems(items) { // use one var var value =10, result= value +10, i, len, count; // new var total; for (i = 0, len = items.length; i < len; i++) { result += 10; } }
```
inline
function
命名;代码示例:
```js
// no space before '(', but one space before'{' var doSomething = function(item) { // do something }; function doSomething(item) { // do something } // not good doSomething (item); // good doSomething(item); // requires parentheses around immediately invoked function expressions (function() { return1; })(); // not good [1, 2].forEach(function x() { ... }); // good [1, 2].forEach(function() { ... }); // not good var a = [1, 2, function a() { ... }]; // good var a = [1, 2, function() { ... }]; // use ', ' between function parameters var doSomething = function(a, b, c) { // do something };
```
代码示例:
```js
// not good var a = { 'b':1 }; var a = {b:1}; var a = { b:1, c:2, }; // good var a = { b:1, c:2 };
```
下列关键字后必须有大括号(即便代码块的内容只有一行):
if, else, for, while, do, switch, try, catch, finally, with。
代码示例:
```js
// not good if (condition) doSomething(); // good if (condition) { doSomething(); }
```
适用场景:
不适用场景:
null
来判断函数调用时有无传参代码示例:
```js
// not good function test(a, b) { if (b === null) { // not mean b is not supply ... } } var a; if (a === null) { ... } // good var a = null; if (a === null) { ... }
```
undefined
进行变量判断;typeof
和字符串'undefined
'对变量进行判断。代码示例:
```js
// not good if (person === undefined) { ... } // good if (typeof person === 'undefined') { ... }
```
===
', '!==
'代替'==
', '!=
';for-in
里必定要有hasOwnProperty
的判断;Array
, Date
;delete(a.b)
;.jshintrc
文件的globals
属性里面);debugger
不要出如今提交的代码里;new function () { ... }, new Object
;代码示例:
```js
// not good if (a == 1) { a++; } // good if (a === 1) { a++; } // good for (key in obj) { if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) { // be sure that obj[key] belongs to the object and was not inherited console.log(obj[key]); } } // not good Array.prototype.count=function(value) { Return 4; }; // not good var x = 1; function test() { if (true) { var x = 0; } x += 1; } // not good function test() { console.log(x); var x =1; } // not good new Person(); // good var person = new Person(); // not good delete(obj.attr); // good delete obj.attr; // not good if (a = 10) { a++; } // not good var a = [1, , , 2, 3]; // not good Var nums = []; for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) { (function(i) { nums[i] =function(j) { return i + j; }; }(i)); } // not good var singleton = new function() { var privateVar; this.publicMethod = function() { privateVar = 1; }; this.publicMethod2 = function() { privateVar = 2; }; };
```
tab
和space
;tab
或space
;LF
';this
的引用只能使用'_this
', 'that
', 'self
'其中一个来命名;switch
的falling through
和no default
的状况必定要有注释特别说明;代码示例:
```js
// not good var a =1; function Person() { // not good var me = this; // good var _this = this; // good var that = this; // good var self = this; } // good switch (condition) { case 1: case 2: ... break; case 3: ... // why fall through case 4: ... break; // why no default } // not good with empty block if (condition) { }
```