请求锁模式
是否兼容
当前锁模式
|
None | 读锁 | 写锁 |
读锁 | 是 | 是 | 否 |
写锁 | 是 | 否 | 否 |
session_1 | session_2 |
得到表film_text的WRITE锁定
mysql> lock table film_text write;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
|
当前session对锁定表的查询、更新、插入操做均可以执行:
mysql> select film_id,title from film_text where film_id = 1001;
+---------+-------------+
| film_id | title |
+---------+-------------+
| 1001 | Update Test |
+---------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into film_text (film_id,title) values(1003,'Test');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> update film_text set title = 'Test' where film_id = 1001;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
|
其余session对锁定表的查询被阻塞,须要等待锁被释放:
mysql> select film_id,title from film_text where film_id = 1001;
等待
|
释放锁:
mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
等待 |
Session2得到锁,查询返回:
mysql> select film_id,title from film_text where film_id = 1001;
+---------+-------+
| film_id | title |
+---------+-------+
| 1001 | Test |
+---------+-------+
1 row in set (57.59 sec)
|
session_1 | session_2 |
得到表film_text的READ锁定
mysql> lock table film_text read;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
|
当前session能够查询该表记录
mysql> select film_id,title from film_text where film_id = 1001;
+---------+------------------+
| film_id | title |
+---------+------------------+
| 1001 | ACADEMY DINOSAUR |
+---------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
其余session也能够查询该表的记录
mysql> select film_id,title from film_text where film_id = 1001;
+---------+------------------+
| film_id | title |
+---------+------------------+
| 1001 | ACADEMY DINOSAUR |
+---------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
当前session不能查询没有锁定的表
mysql> select film_id,title from film where film_id = 1001;
ERROR 1100 (HY000): Table 'film' was not locked with LOCK TABLES
|
其余session能够查询或者更新未锁定的表
mysql> select film_id,title from film where film_id = 1001;
+---------+---------------+
| film_id | title |
+---------+---------------+
| 1001 | update record |
+---------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update film set title = 'Test' where film_id = 1001;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
|
当前session中插入或者更新锁定的表都会提示错误:
mysql> insert into film_text (film_id,title) values(1002,'Test');
ERROR 1099 (HY000): Table 'film_text' was locked with a READ lock and can't be updated
mysql> update film_text set title = 'Test' where film_id = 1001;
ERROR 1099 (HY000): Table 'film_text' was locked with a READ lock and can't be updated
|
其余session更新锁定表会等待得到锁:
mysql> update film_text set title = 'Test' where film_id = 1001;
等待
|
释放锁
mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
等待 |
Session得到锁,更新操做完成:
mysql> update film_text set title = 'Test' where film_id = 1001;
Query OK, 1 row affected (1 min 0.71 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
|
session_1 | session_2 |
得到表film_text的READ LOCAL锁定
mysql> lock table film_text read local;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
|
当前session不能对锁定表进行更新或者插入操做:
mysql> insert into film_text (film_id,title) values(1002,'Test');
ERROR 1099 (HY000): Table 'film_text' was locked with a READ lock and can't be updated
mysql> update film_text set title = 'Test' where film_id = 1001;
ERROR 1099 (HY000): Table 'film_text' was locked with a READ lock and can't be updated
|
其余session能够进行插入操做,可是更新会等待:
mysql> insert into film_text (film_id,title) values(1002,'Test');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> update film_text set title = 'Update Test' where film_id = 1001;
等待
|
当前session不能访问其余session插入的记录:
mysql> select film_id,title from film_text where film_id = 1002;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
|
|
释放锁:
mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
等待 |
当前session解锁后能够得到其余session插入的记录:
mysql> select film_id,title from film_text where film_id = 1002;
+---------+-------+
| film_id | title |
+---------+-------+
| 1002 | Test |
+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
Session2得到锁,更新操做完成:
mysql> update film_text set title = 'Update Test' where film_id = 1001;
Query OK, 1 row affected (1 min 17.75 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
|
读数据一致性及容许的并发反作用
隔离级别
|
读数据一致性 | 脏读 | 不可重复读 | 幻读 |
未提交读(Read uncommitted)
|
最低级别,只能保证不读取物理上损坏的数据 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
已提交度(Read committed)
|
语句级 | 否 | 是 | 是 |
可重复读(Repeatable read)
|
事务级 | 否 | 否 | 是 |
可序列化(Serializable)
|
最高级别,事务级 | 否 | 否 | 否 |
请求锁模式
是否兼容
当前锁模式
|
X | IX | S | IS |
X | 冲突 | 冲突 | 冲突 | 冲突 |
IX | 冲突 | 兼容 | 冲突 | 兼容 |
S | 冲突 | 冲突 | 兼容 | 兼容 |
IS | 冲突 | 兼容 | 兼容 | 兼容 |
session_1 | session_2 |
mysql> set autocommit = 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select actor_id,first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 178;
+----------+------------+-----------+
| actor_id | first_name | last_name |
+----------+------------+-----------+
| 178 | LISA | MONROE |
+----------+------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> set autocommit = 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select actor_id,first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 178;
+----------+------------+-----------+
| actor_id | first_name | last_name |
+----------+------------+-----------+
| 178 | LISA | MONROE |
+----------+------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
当前session对actor_id=178的记录加share mode 的共享锁:
mysql> select actor_id,first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 178
lock in share mode;
+----------+------------+-----------+
| actor_id | first_name | last_name |
+----------+------------+-----------+
| 178 | LISA | MONROE |
+----------+------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
|
|
其余session仍然能够查询记录,并也能够对该记录加share mode的共享锁:
mysql> select actor_id,first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 178
lock in share mode;
+----------+------------+-----------+
| actor_id | first_name | last_name |
+----------+------------+-----------+
| 178 | LISA | MONROE |
+----------+------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
|
|
当前session对锁定的记录进行更新操做,等待锁:
mysql> update actor set last_name = 'MONROE T' where actor_id = 178;
等待
|
|
其余session也对该记录进行更新操做,则会致使死锁退出:
mysql> update actor set last_name = 'MONROE T' where actor_id = 178;
ERROR 1213 (40001): Deadlock found when trying to get lock; try restarting transaction
|
|
得到锁后,能够成功更新:
mysql> update actor set last_name = 'MONROE T' where actor_id = 178;
Query OK, 1 row affected (17.67 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
|
session_1 | session_2 |
mysql> set autocommit = 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select actor_id,first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 178;
+----------+------------+-----------+
| actor_id | first_name | last_name |
+----------+------------+-----------+
| 178 | LISA | MONROE |
+----------+------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> set autocommit = 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select actor_id,first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 178;
+----------+------------+-----------+
| actor_id | first_name | last_name |
+----------+------------+-----------+
| 178 | LISA | MONROE |
+----------+------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
当前session对actor_id=178的记录加for update的排它锁:
mysql> select actor_id,first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 178 for update;
+----------+------------+-----------+
| actor_id | first_name | last_name |
+----------+------------+-----------+
| 178 | LISA | MONROE |
+----------+------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
|
其余session能够查询该记录,可是不能对该记录加共享锁,会等待得到锁:
mysql> select actor_id,first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 178;
+----------+------------+-----------+
| actor_id | first_name | last_name |
+----------+------------+-----------+
| 178 | LISA | MONROE |
+----------+------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select actor_id,first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 178 for update;
等待
|
|
当前session能够对锁定的记录进行更新操做,更新后释放锁:
mysql> update actor set last_name = 'MONROE T' where actor_id = 178;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
|
|
其余session得到锁,获得其余session提交的记录:
mysql> select actor_id,first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 178 for update;
+----------+------------+-----------+
| actor_id | first_name | last_name |
+----------+------------+-----------+
| 178 | LISA | MONROE T |
+----------+------------+-----------+
1 row in set (9.59 sec)
|
session_1 | session_2 |
mysql> set autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from tab_no_index where id = 1 ;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | 1 |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> set autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from tab_no_index where id = 2 ;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 2 | 2 |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> select * from tab_no_index where id = 1 for update;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | 1 |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
|
mysql> select * from tab_no_index where id = 2 for update;
等待
|
session_1 | session_2 |
mysql> set autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from tab_with_index where id = 1 ;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | 1 |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> set autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from tab_with_index where id = 2 ;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 2 | 2 |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> select * from tab_with_index where id = 1 for update;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | 1 |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
|
mysql> select * from tab_with_index where id = 2 for update;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 2 | 2 |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
session_1 | session_2 |
mysql> set autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> set autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> select * from tab_with_index where id = 1 and name = '1' for update;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | 1 |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
|
虽然session_2访问的是和session_1不一样的记录,可是由于使用了相同的索引,因此须要等待锁:
mysql> select * from tab_with_index where id = 1 and name = '4' for update;
等待
|
session_1 | session_2 |
mysql> set autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> set autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> select * from tab_with_index where id = 1 for update;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 4 |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
|
|
Session_2使用name的索引访问记录,由于记录没有被索引,因此能够得到锁:
mysql> select * from tab_with_index where name = '2' for update;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 2 | 2 |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
|
因为访问的记录已经被session_1锁定,因此等待得到锁。:
mysql> select * from tab_with_index where name = '4' for update;
|
session_1 | session_2 |
mysql> select @@tx_isolation;
+-----------------+
| @@tx_isolation |
+-----------------+
| REPEATABLE-READ |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set autocommit = 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> select @@tx_isolation;
+-----------------+
| @@tx_isolation |
+-----------------+
| REPEATABLE-READ |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set autocommit = 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
当前session对不存在的记录加for update的锁:
mysql> select * from emp where empid = 102 for update;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
|
|
这时,若是其余session插入empid为102的记录(注意:这条记录并不存在),也会出现锁等待:
mysql>insert into emp(empid,...) values(102,...);
阻塞等待
|
|
Session_1 执行rollback:
mysql> rollback;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (13.04 sec)
|
|
因为其余session_1回退后释放了Next-Key锁,当前session能够得到锁并成功插入记录:
mysql>insert into emp(empid,...) values(102,...);
Query OK, 1 row affected (13.35 sec)
|
session_1 | session_2 |
mysql> set autocommit = 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from target_tab;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from source_tab where name = '1';
+----+------+----+
| d1 | name | d2 |
+----+------+----+
| 4 | 1 | 1 |
| 5 | 1 | 1 |
| 6 | 1 | 1 |
| 7 | 1 | 1 |
| 8 | 1 | 1 |
+----+------+----+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> set autocommit = 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from target_tab;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from source_tab where name = '1';
+----+------+----+
| d1 | name | d2 |
+----+------+----+
| 4 | 1 | 1 |
| 5 | 1 | 1 |
| 6 | 1 | 1 |
| 7 | 1 | 1 |
| 8 | 1 | 1 |
+----+------+----+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> insert into target_tab select d1,name from source_tab where name = '1';
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
|
|
mysql> update source_tab set name = '1' where name = '8';
等待
|
|
commit; | |
返回结果
commit;
|
session_1 | session_2 |
mysql> set autocommit = 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>set innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog='on'
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from target_tab;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from source_tab where name = '1';
+----+------+----+
| d1 | name | d2 |
+----+------+----+
| 4 | 1 | 1 |
| 5 | 1 | 1 |
| 6 | 1 | 1 |
| 7 | 1 | 1 |
| 8 | 1 | 1 |
+----+------+----+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> set autocommit = 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from target_tab;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from source_tab where name = '1';
+----+------+----+
| d1 | name | d2 |
+----+------+----+
| 4 | 1 | 1 |
| 5 | 1 | 1 |
| 6 | 1 | 1 |
| 7 | 1 | 1 |
| 8 | 1 | 1 |
+----+------+----+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> insert into target_tab select d1,name from source_tab where name = '1';
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
|
|
session_1未提交,能够对session_1的select的记录进行更新操做。
mysql> update source_tab set name = '8' where name = '1';
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 5 Changed: 5 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from source_tab where name = '8';
+----+------+----+
| d1 | name | d2 |
+----+------+----+
| 4 | 8 | 1 |
| 5 | 8 | 1 |
| 6 | 8 | 1 |
| 7 | 8 | 1 |
| 8 | 8 | 1 |
+----+------+----+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
|
|
更新操做先提交
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
|
|
插入操做后提交
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
|
|
此时查看数据,target_tab中能够插入source_tab更新前的结果,这符合应用逻辑:
mysql> select * from source_tab where name = '8';
+----+------+----+
| d1 | name | d2 |
+----+------+----+
| 4 | 8 | 1 |
| 5 | 8 | 1 |
| 6 | 8 | 1 |
| 7 | 8 | 1 |
| 8 | 8 | 1 |
+----+------+----+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from target_tab;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 4 | 1.00 |
| 5 | 1.00 |
| 6 | 1.00 |
| 7 | 1.00 |
| 8 | 1.00 |
+------+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> select * from tt1 where name = '1';
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from source_tab where name = '8';
+----+------+----+
| d1 | name | d2 |
+----+------+----+
| 4 | 8 | 1 |
| 5 | 8 | 1 |
| 6 | 8 | 1 |
| 7 | 8 | 1 |
| 8 | 8 | 1 |
+----+------+----+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from target_tab;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 4 | 1.00 |
| 5 | 1.00 |
| 6 | 1.00 |
| 7 | 1.00 |
| 8 | 1.00 |
+------+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
|
隔离级别
一致性读和锁
SQL
|
Read Uncommited | Read Commited | Repeatable Read | Serializable | |
SQL | 条件 | ||||
select | 相等 | None locks | Consisten read/None lock | Consisten read/None lock | Share locks |
范围 | None locks | Consisten read/None lock | Consisten read/None lock | Share Next-Key | |
update | 相等 | exclusive locks | exclusive locks | exclusive locks | Exclusive locks |
范围 | exclusive next-key | exclusive next-key | exclusive next-key | exclusive next-key | |
Insert | N/A | exclusive locks | exclusive locks | exclusive locks | exclusive locks |
replace | 无键冲突 | exclusive locks | exclusive locks | exclusive locks | exclusive locks |
键冲突 | exclusive next-key | exclusive next-key | exclusive next-key | exclusive next-key | |
delete | 相等 | exclusive locks | exclusive locks | exclusive locks | exclusive locks |
范围 | exclusive next-key | exclusive next-key | exclusive next-key | exclusive next-key | |
Select ... from ... Lock in share mode | 相等 | Share locks | Share locks | Share locks | Share locks |
范围 | Share locks | Share locks | Share Next-Key | Share Next-Key | |
Select * from ... For update | 相等 | exclusive locks | exclusive locks | exclusive locks | exclusive locks |
范围 | exclusive locks | Share locks | exclusive next-key | exclusive next-key | |
Insert into ... Select ...
(指源表锁)
|
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=off | Share Next-Key | Share Next-Key | Share Next-Key | Share Next-Key |
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=on | None locks | Consisten read/None lock | Consisten read/None lock | Share Next-Key | |
create table ... Select ...
(指源表锁)
|
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=off | Share Next-Key | Share Next-Key | Share Next-Key | Share Next-Key |
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=on | None locks | Consisten read/None lock | Consisten read/None lock | Share Next-Key |
session_1 | session_2 |
mysql> set autocommit = 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from table_1 where where id=1 for update;
...
作一些其余处理...
|
mysql> set autocommit = 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from table_2 where id=1 for update;
...
|
select * from table_2 where id =1 for update;
因session_2已取得排他锁,等待
|
作一些其余处理... |
mysql> select * from table_1 where where id=1 for update;
死锁
|
session_1 | session_2 |
mysql> set autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> set autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> select first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 1 for update;
+------------+-----------+
| first_name | last_name |
+------------+-----------+
| PENELOPE | GUINESS |
+------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
|
mysql> insert into country (country_id,country) values(110,'Test');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
|
|
mysql> insert into country (country_id,country) values(110,'Test');
等待
|
|
mysql> select first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 1 for update;
+------------+-----------+
| first_name | last_name |
+------------+-----------+
| PENELOPE | GUINESS |
+------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
|
mysql> insert into country (country_id,country) values(110,'Test');
ERROR 1213 (40001): Deadlock found when trying to get lock; try restarting transaction
|
session_1 | session_2 |
mysql> set autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> set autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> select first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 1 for update;
+------------+-----------+
| first_name | last_name |
+------------+-----------+
| PENELOPE | GUINESS |
+------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
|
mysql> select first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 3 for update;
+------------+-----------+
| first_name | last_name |
+------------+-----------+
| ED | CHASE |
+------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
|
mysql> select first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 3 for update;
等待
|
|
mysql> select first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 1 for update;
ERROR 1213 (40001): Deadlock found when trying to get lock; try restarting transaction
|
|
mysql> select first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 3 for update;
+------------+-----------+
| first_name | last_name |
+------------+-----------+
| ED | CHASE |
+------------+-----------+
1 row in set (4.71 sec)
|
session_1 | session_2 |
mysql> select @@tx_isolation;
+-----------------+
| @@tx_isolation |
+-----------------+
| REPEATABLE-READ |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set autocommit = 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
mysql> select @@tx_isolation;
+-----------------+
| @@tx_isolation |
+-----------------+
| REPEATABLE-READ |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set autocommit = 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
|
当前session对不存在的记录加for update的锁:
mysql> select actor_id,first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 201 for update;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
|
|
其余session也能够对不存在的记录加for update的锁:
mysql> select actor_id,first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 201 for update;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
|
|
由于其余session也对该记录加了锁,因此当前的插入会等待:
mysql> insert into actor (actor_id , first_name , last_name) values(201,'Lisa','Tom');
等待
|
|
由于其余session已经对记录进行了更新,这时候再插入记录就会提示死锁并退出:
mysql> insert into actor (actor_id, first_name , last_name) values(201,'Lisa','Tom');
ERROR 1213 (40001): Deadlock found when trying to get lock; try restarting transaction
|
|
因为其余session已经退出,当前session能够得到锁并成功插入记录:
mysql> insert into actor (actor_id , first_name , last_name) values(201,'Lisa','Tom');
Query OK, 1 row affected (13.35 sec)
|
session_1 | session_2 | session_3 |
mysql> select @@tx_isolation;
+----------------+
| @@tx_isolation |
+----------------+
| READ-COMMITTED |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
|
mysql> select @@tx_isolation;
+----------------+
| @@tx_isolation |
+----------------+
| READ-COMMITTED |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
|
mysql> select @@tx_isolation;
+----------------+
| @@tx_isolation |
+----------------+
| READ-COMMITTED |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
|
Session_1得到for update的共享锁:
mysql> select actor_id, first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 201 for update;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
|
因为记录不存在,session_2也能够得到for update的共享锁:
mysql> select actor_id, first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 201 for update;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
|
|
Session_1能够成功插入记录:
mysql> insert into actor (actor_id,first_name,last_name) values(201,'Lisa','Tom');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
|
||
Session_2插入申请等待得到锁:
mysql> insert into actor (actor_id,first_name,last_name) values(201,'Lisa','Tom');
等待
|
||
Session_1成功提交:
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
|
||
Session_2得到锁,发现插入记录主键重,这个时候抛出了异常,可是并无释放共享锁:
mysql> insert into actor (actor_id,first_name,last_name) values(201,'Lisa','Tom');
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '201' for key 'PRIMARY'
|
||
Session_3申请得到共享锁,由于session_2已经锁定该记录,因此session_3须要等待:
mysql> select actor_id, first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 201 for update;
等待
|
||
这个时候,若是session_2直接对记录进行更新操做,则会抛出死锁的异常:
mysql> update actor set last_name='Lan' where actor_id = 201;
ERROR 1213 (40001): Deadlock found when trying to get lock; try restarting transaction
|
||
Session_2释放锁后,session_3得到锁:
mysql> select first_name, last_name from actor where actor_id = 201 for update;
+------------+-----------+
| first_name | last_name |
+------------+-----------+
| Lisa | Tom |
+------------+-----------+
1 row in set (31.12 sec)
|
http://xm-king.iteye.com/blog/770721mysql
SQL标准定义了4类隔离级别,包括了一些具体规则,用来限定事务内外的哪些改变是可见的,哪些是不可见的。低级别的隔离级通常支持更高的并发处理,并拥有更低的系统开销。
Read Uncommitted(读取未提交内容)sql
在该隔离级别,全部事务均可以看到其余未提交事务的执行结果。本隔离级别不多用于实际应用,由于它的性能也不比其余级别好多少。读取未提交的数据,也被称之为脏读(Dirty Read)。
Read Committed(读取提交内容)数据库
这是大多数数据库系统的默认隔离级别(但不是MySQL默认的)。它知足了隔离的简单定义:一个事务只能看见已经提交事务所作的改变。这种隔离级别 也支持所谓的不可重复读(Nonrepeatable Read),由于同一事务的其余实例在该实例处理其间可能会有新的commit,因此同一select可能返回不一样结果。
Repeatable Read(可重读)编程
这是MySQL的默认事务隔离级别,它确保同一事务的多个实例在并发读取数据时,会看到一样的数据行。不过理论上,这会致使另外一个棘手的问题:幻读 (Phantom Read)。简单的说,幻读指当用户读取某一范围的数据行时,另外一个事务又在该范围内插入了新行,当用户再读取该范围的数据行时,会发现有新的“幻影” 行。InnoDB和Falcon存储引擎经过多版本并发控制(MVCC,Multiversion Concurrency Control)机制解决了该问题。安全
Serializable(可串行化)
这是最高的隔离级别,它经过强制事务排序,使之不可能相互冲突,从而解决幻读问题。简言之,它是在每一个读的数据行上加上共享锁。在这个级别,可能致使大量的超时现象和锁竞争。服务器
这四种隔离级别采起不一样的锁类型来实现,若读取的是同一个数据的话,就容易发生问题。例如:session
脏读(Drity Read):某个事务已更新一份数据,另外一个事务在此时读取了同一份数据,因为某些缘由,前一个RollBack了操做,则后一个事务所读取的数据就会是不正确的。数据结构
不可重复读(Non-repeatable read):在一个事务的两次查询之中数据不一致,这多是两次查询过程当中间插入了一个事务更新的原有的数据。并发
幻读(Phantom Read):在一个事务的两次查询中数据笔数不一致,例若有一个事务查询了几列(Row)数据,而另外一个事务却在此时插入了新的几列数据,先前的事务在接下来的查询中,就会发现有几列数据是它先前所没有的。ide
在MySQL中,实现了这四种隔离级别,分别有可能产生问题以下所示:
下面,将利用MySQL的客户端程序,分别测试几种隔离级别。测试数据库为test,表为tx;表结构:
id | int |
num |
int |
两个命令行客户端分别为A,B;不断改变A的隔离级别,在B端修改数据。
(一)、将A的隔离级别设置为read uncommitted(未提交读)
在B未更新数据以前:
客户端A:
B更新数据:
客户端B:
客户端A:
通过上面的实验能够得出结论,事务B更新了一条记录,可是没有提交,此时事务A能够查询出未提交记录。形成脏读现象。未提交读是最低的隔离级别。
(二)、将客户端A的事务隔离级别设置为read committed(已提交读)
在B未更新数据以前:
客户端A:
B更新数据:
客户端B:
客户端A:
通过上面的实验能够得出结论,已提交读隔离级别解决了脏读的问题,可是出现了不可重复读的问题,即事务A在两次查询的数据不一致,由于在两次查询之间事务B更新了一条数据。已提交读只容许读取已提交的记录,但不要求可重复读。
(三)、将A的隔离级别设置为repeatable read(可重复读)
在B未更新数据以前:
B更新数据:
客户端B:
客户端A:
B插入数据:
客户端B:
客户端A:
由以上的实验能够得出结论,可重复读隔离级别只容许读取已提交记录,并且在一个事务两次读取一个记录期间,其余事务部的更新该记录。但该事务不要求与其余事务可串行化。例如,当一个事务能够找到由一个已提交事务更新的记录,可是可能产生幻读问题(注意是可能,由于数据库对隔离级别的实现有所差异)。像以上的实验,就没有出现数据幻读的问题。
(四)、将A的隔离级别设置为 可串行化 (Serializable)
A端打开事务,B端插入一条记录
事务A端:
事务B端:
由于此时事务A的隔离级别设置为serializable,开始事务后,并无提交,因此事务B只能等待。
事务A提交事务:
事务A端
事务B端
serializable彻底锁定字段,若一个事务来查询同一份数据就必须等待,直到前一个事务完成并解除锁定为止 。是完整的隔离级别,会锁定对应的数据表格,于是会有效率的问题。