iOS 卡片式控件：QiCardView

前言：因项目中需求，须要作一个卡片式控件。故QiCardView诞生了。

首先，先来看一下QiCardView的效果图：

从命名来看，QiCardView，顾名思义，是一个可定制的卡片式UI控件。 从设计来看，QiCardView仿照UITableView的设计，支持cell复用，节省了资源。

话很少说，先来看下总体架构~

1、QiCardView总体架构设计

架构层面仿照了UITableView的设计，采用了cell复用策略。 在此基础上，融入了一些手势操做，更加富有交互性。

上架构图：

两个主类分别为QiCardView与QiCardViewCell。（仿照UITableView+UITableViewCell的设计）

• QiCardView下有两个代理：QiCardViewDataSource、QiCardViewDelegate。（与UITableView的代理方法相似）
• QiCardViewCell下有一个代理：QiCardViewCellDelegate。（这个代理能够不关心，主要目的是辅助QiCardView里的一些处理逻辑）

2、如何自定义使用QiCardView？

Cell自定义很简单，只要新建一个类（例如：QiCardViewItemCell）继承自QiCardViewCell便可。

在Controller中，基本使用上几乎与UITableView相似。

• 初始化CardView方法：

在上Demo以前，先介绍几个能够自定义的配置属性： 属性	类型	介绍
visibleCount	NSInteger	卡片Cell可见数量(默认3)。由于有复用策略，因此即实际建立的Cell数量。
lineSpacing	CGFloat	行间距(默认10.0，可自行计算scale比例来作间距)
interitemSpacing	CGFloat	列间距(默认10.0，可自行计算scale比例来作间距)
maxAngle	CGFloat	侧滑最大角度(默认15°)。值约小越容易划出，越大约很差划出。
maxRemoveDistance	CGFloat	最大移除距离(默认屏幕的1/4)，滑动距离不够时归位。
isAlpha	CGFloat	cell是否须要渐变透明度。（默认YES）

- (void)initViews {

    _cardView = [[QiCardView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(25.0, 150.0, self.view.frame.size.width - 50.0, 420.0)];
    _cardView.backgroundColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];//!< 为了指出carddView的区域，指明背景色
    _cardView.dataSource = self;
    _cardView.delegate = self;
    _cardView.visibleCount = 4;
    _cardView.lineSpacing = 15.0;
    _cardView.interitemSpacing = 10.0;
    _cardView.maxAngle = 10.0;
    _cardView.isAlpha = YES;
    _cardView.maxRemoveDistance = 100.0;
    _cardView.layer.cornerRadius = 10.0;
    [_cardView registerClass:[QiCardItemCell class] forCellReuseIdentifier:qiCardCellId];
    [self.view addSubview:_cardView];
}复制代码复制代码

• 数据源：QiCardViewDataSource： 首先controller要遵照协议：<QiCardViewDataSource>

#pragma mark - QiCardViewDataSource

- (QiCardItemCell *)cardView:(QiCardView *)cardView cellForRowAtIndex:(NSInteger)index {

    QiCardItemCell *cell = [cardView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:qiCardCellId];
    cell.cellData = _cellItems[index];
    //...

    return cell;
}

- (NSInteger)numberOfCountInCardView:(UITableView *)cardView {
    return _cellItems.count;
}复制代码复制代码

• 代理：QiCardViewDelegate： 仍是首先controller须要遵照协议：<QiCardViewDelegate>。

#pragma mark - QiCardViewDelegate

- (void)cardView:(QiCardView *)cardView didRemoveLastCell:(QiCardViewCell *)cell forRowAtIndex:(NSInteger)index {
    [cardView reloadDataAnimated:YES];
}

- (void)cardView:(QiCardView *)cardView didRemoveCell:(QiCardViewCell *)cell forRowAtIndex:(NSInteger)index {
    NSLog(@"didRemoveCell forRowAtIndex = %ld", index);
}

- (void)cardView:(QiCardView *)cardView didDisplayCell:(QiCardViewCell *)cell forRowAtIndex:(NSInteger)index {

    NSLog(@"didDisplayCell forRowAtIndex = %ld", index);
}

- (void)cardView:(QiCardView *)cardView didMoveCell:(QiCardViewCell *)cell forMovePoint:(CGPoint)point {
    NSLog(@"move point = %@", NSStringFromCGPoint(point));
}复制代码复制代码

3、QiCardView的技术点

3.1 QiCardViewCell复用策略实现

1. 注册Cell： 两种方式：registerNib、registerClass。 很简单。

/** 注册cell方法一：Nib */
- (void)registerNib:(nullable UINib *)nib forCellReuseIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier {
    self.nib = nib;
    self.identifier = identifier;
}

/** 注册cell方法二：Class */
- (void)registerClass:(nullable Class)cellClass forCellReuseIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier {
    self.cellClass = cellClass;
    self.identifier = identifier;
}复制代码复制代码

1. 获取缓存Cell策略： 先看缓存池中是否有相同ID（identifier）的Cell，有的话，直接返回Cell。 若缓存池中没有，那么就new一个新的Cell啦~

   /** 获取缓存cell */
   - (__kindof QiCardViewCell *)dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier {
   for (QiCardViewCell *cell in self.reusableCells) {
       if ([cell.reuseIdentifier isEqualToString:identifier]) {
           [self.reusableCells removeObject:cell];
   
           return cell;
       }
   }
   if (self.nib) {
       QiCardViewCell *cell = [[self.nib instantiateWithOwner:nil options:nil] lastObject];
       cell.reuseIdentifier = identifier;
   
       return cell;
   } else if (self.cellClass) { // 注册class
       QiCardViewCell *cell = [[self.cellClass alloc] initWithReuseIdentifier:identifier];
       cell.reuseIdentifier = identifier;
   
       return cell;
   }
   return nil;
   }复制代码复制代码

2. 当cell走DidRemoveFromSuperView方法时，把cell加入缓存池。

   - (void)cardViewCellDidRemoveFromSuperView:(QiCardViewCell *)cell {
   
   //...    
   
   [self.reusableCells addObject:cell];
   
   //...
   }复制代码复制代码

3.2 cell重叠透明度渐变的实现

1. 首先声明了一个静态变量：moveCount来记录翻卡次数。（以便将cell的index与卡片的index逻辑关联）

   static int moveCount = 0;//!< 记录翻页次数复制代码复制代码

2. 逻辑：每一个CardCell 在 “remove from super view” 的时候 moveCount+1。

#pragma mark - QiCardViewCellDelagate

- (void)cardViewCellDidRemoveFromSuperView:(QiCardViewCell *)cell {

    moveCount++;

    //....
}复制代码复制代码

1. 逻辑：在reload方法中，须要将moveCount置0。（很好理解，reload时，moveCount须要从新开始计算）

   - (void)reloadDataAnimated:(BOOL)animated {
   
   moveCount = 0;//!< 渐变须要
   
   //...
   }复制代码复制代码

2. 关键逻辑：在每次更新布局时，设置每一个Cell的渐变值（即alpha）

   /** 更新布局（动画） */
   - (void)updateLayoutVisibleCellsWithAnimated:(BOOL)animated {
   
   //...
   
   if (_isAlpha) {
       BOOL isTopCell = (i == _currentIndex - moveCount);
       if (isTopCell) {//!< 若是是最上面的Cell就透明度为1
           cell.alpha = 1.0;
        } else {
           cell.alpha = (i + 1.9) * 1.0/self.visibleCells.count;
       }
   }
   
   //...复制代码复制代码

}

#### 3.3 手势操做实现

这部分主要是手势+动画。
细节比较多，小而杂。
详细逻辑，请见[源码](https://github.com/QiShare/QiCardView)。

```panGestureRecognizer
#define Qi_SNAPSHOTVIEW_TAG 999
#define Qi_DEGREES_TO_RADIANS(angle) (angle / 180.0 * M_PI)

- (void)panGestureRecognizer:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*)pan {

    switch (pan.state) {
        case UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan:
            self.currentPoint = CGPointZero;
            break;
        case UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged: {
            CGPoint movePoint = [pan translationInView:pan.view];
            self.currentPoint = CGPointMake(self.currentPoint.x + movePoint.x , self.currentPoint.y + movePoint.y);

            CGFloat moveScale = self.currentPoint.x / self.maxRemoveDistance;
            if (ABS(moveScale) > 1.0) {
                moveScale = (moveScale > 0) ? 1.0 : -1.0;
            }
            CGFloat angle = Qi_DEGREES_TO_RADIANS(self.maxAngle) * moveScale;
            CGAffineTransform transRotation = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(angle);
            self.transform = CGAffineTransformTranslate(transRotation, self.currentPoint.x, self.currentPoint.y);

            if (self.cell_delegate && [self.cell_delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(cardViewCellDidMoveFromSuperView:forMovePoint:)]) {
                [self.cell_delegate cardViewCellDidMoveFromSuperView:self forMovePoint:self.currentPoint];
            }
            [pan setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:pan.view];
        }
            break;
        case UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded:
            [self didPanStateEnded];
            break;
        case UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled:
        case UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed:
            [self restoreCellLocation];
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}

// 手势结束操做（不考虑上下位移）
- (void)didPanStateEnded {
    // 右滑移除
    if (self.currentPoint.x > self.maxRemoveDistance) {
        __block UIView *snapshotView = [self snapshotViewAfterScreenUpdates:NO];
        snapshotView.transform = self.transform;
        [self.superview.superview addSubview:snapshotView];
        [self didCellRemoveFromSuperview];

        CGFloat endCenterX = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/2 + self.frame.size.width * 1.5;
        [UIView animateWithDuration:Qi_DefaultDuration animations:^{
            CGPoint center = self.center;
            center.x = endCenterX;
            snapshotView.center = center;
        } completion:^(BOOL finished) {
            [snapshotView removeFromSuperview];
        }];
    }
    // 左滑移除
    else if (self.currentPoint.x < -self.maxRemoveDistance) {
        __block UIView *snapshotView = [self snapshotViewAfterScreenUpdates:NO];
        snapshotView.transform = self.transform;
        [self.superview.superview addSubview:snapshotView];
        [self didCellRemoveFromSuperview];

        CGFloat endCenterX = -([UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/2 + self.frame.size.width);
        [UIView animateWithDuration:Qi_DefaultDuration animations:^{
            CGPoint center = self.center;
            center.x = endCenterX;
            snapshotView.center = center;
        } completion:^(BOOL finished) {
            [snapshotView removeFromSuperview];
        }];
    }
    // 滑动距离不够归位
    else {
        [self restoreCellLocation];
    }
}

// 还原卡片位置
- (void)restoreCellLocation {

    [UIView animateWithDuration:Qi_SpringDuration delay:0
         usingSpringWithDamping:Qi_SpringWithDamping
          initialSpringVelocity:Qi_SpringVelocity
                        options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut
                     animations:^{
                         self.transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity;
                     } completion:nil];
}

// 卡片移除处理
- (void)didCellRemoveFromSuperview {

    self.transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity;
    [self removeFromSuperview];
    if ([self.cell_delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(cardViewCellDidRemoveFromSuperView:)]) {
        [self.cell_delegate cardViewCellDidRemoveFromSuperView:self];
    }
}

- (void)removeFromSuperviewSwipe:(QiCardCellSwipeDirection)direction {

    switch (direction) {
        case QiCardCellSwipeDirectionLeft: {
            [self removeFromSuperviewLeft];
        }
            break;
        case QiCardCellSwipeDirectionRight: {
            [self removeFromSuperviewRight];
        }
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}

// 向左边移除动画
- (void)removeFromSuperviewLeft {
    __block UIView *snapshotView = [self snapshotViewAfterScreenUpdates:NO];
    [self.superview.superview addSubview:snapshotView];
    [self didCellRemoveFromSuperview];

    CGAffineTransform transRotation = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(-Qi_DEGREES_TO_RADIANS(self.maxAngle));
    CGAffineTransform transform = CGAffineTransformTranslate(transRotation, 0, self.frame.size.height/4.0);
    CGFloat endCenterX = -([UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/2 + self.frame.size.width);
    [UIView animateWithDuration:Qi_DefaultDuration animations:^{
        CGPoint center = self.center;
        center.x = endCenterX;
        snapshotView.center = center;
        snapshotView.transform = transform;
    } completion:^(BOOL finished) {
        [snapshotView removeFromSuperview];
    }];
}

// 向右边移除动画
- (void)removeFromSuperviewRight {
    __block UIView *snapshotView = [self snapshotViewAfterScreenUpdates:NO];
    snapshotView.frame = self.frame;
    [self.superview.superview addSubview:snapshotView];
    [self didCellRemoveFromSuperview];

    CGAffineTransform transRotation = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(Qi_DEGREES_TO_RADIANS(self.maxAngle));
    CGAffineTransform transform = CGAffineTransformTranslate(transRotation, 0, self.frame.size.height/4.0);
    CGFloat endCenterX = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/2 + self.frame.size.width * 1.5;
    [UIView animateWithDuration:Qi_DefaultDuration animations:^{
        CGPoint center = self.center;
        center.x = endCenterX;
        snapshotView.center = center;
        snapshotView.transform = transform;
    } completion:^(BOOL finished) {
        [snapshotView removeFromSuperview];
    }];
}复制代码复制代码

4、将来可能优化的点

• 设计层面：若是将手势操做融入QiCardView中，将QiCardViewCell变成纯粹的Cell，会不会更好。（思考中）
• 应用层面：目前只支持一个ID的Cell重用，将来渴望拓展成多个ID的Cell均可重用。（PS：由于只存了一个ID，后续考虑存数组，以及对应的Cell缓存池数组。以此猜想UITableView的内部实现。）

源码：QiCardView源码。

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