Configure Oracle 19c DataGuard Step By Step Guide

本文包含如下两个知识点，环境信息以下图所示：

1. 部署Data Guard服务；
2. Data Guard Broker的配置以及使用。
   

   1、部署Physical Standby

   1.1 主库准备工做

   1.1.1启用force logging

   SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;

   1.1.2 建立standby数据库redo文件

   SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE SIZE 200M;
   SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE SIZE 200M;
   SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE SIZE 200M;
   SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE SIZE 200M;

   1.1.3 设置主库参数

   SQL> alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(cdb,cdb_stby)' scope=both;
   SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=cdb_stby async valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=cdb_stby';
   SQL> alter system set standby_file_management=auto;

   1.1.4 确保主库处于归档模式

1.1.5 编辑tnsnames.ora

[oracle@db03 admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora 
CDB =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.120.83)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = cdb)
    )
  )

CDB_STBY =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.120.82)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = cdb)
      (UR=A)
    )
  )

1.1.6 配置静态监听地址

编辑listener.ora文件，加入下面的内容：

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = cdb)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = cdb)
    )
   (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = cdb_stby)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = cdb)
    )
)

切记，必须重启监听方可生效。

1.2 备库准备工做

1.2.1 建立备库密码文件

直接复制主库的密码文件到备库相应目录。

[oracle@db03 dbs]$ scp orapwcdb db02:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/

1.2.2 建立初始化文件

[oracle@db02 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@db02 dbs]$ echo DB_NAME=cdb>initcdb.ora

1.2.3 建立adump目录

[oracle@db02 ~]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cdb/adump

1.2.4 配置静态监听地址

编辑listener.ora文件，加入下面的内容：

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = cdb)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = cdb)
    )
   (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = cdb_stby)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = cdb)
    )
)

切记，必须重启监听方可生效。

1.2.5 启动备库至nomount

[oracle@db02 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL> startup nomount

1.2.6 编辑tnsnames.ora

[oracle@db02 admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora 
CDB =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.120.83)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = cdb)
    )
  )

CDB_STBY =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.120.82)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = cdb)
      (UR=A)
    )
  )

1.3 建立physical standby database与验证

1.3.1 建立备库

这里直接使用duplicate方式在线建立备库，在rman中运行下面的脚本：

[oracle@db03 ~]$ rman target / auxiliary sys/abcABC12@cdb_stby  
run {
        allocate channel prmy1 type disk;
        allocate channel prmy2 type disk;
        allocate channel prmy3 type disk;
        allocate channel prmy4 type disk;
        allocate auxiliary channel stby type disk;
        duplicate target database for standby from active database
        spfile
                set db_unique_name='cdb_stby'
                set fal_client='cdb_stby'
                set fal_server='cdb'
                set standby_file_management='AUTO'
                set log_file_name_convert='/cdb/','/cdb_stby/'
                set db_file_name_convert='/cdb/','/cdb_stby/'
                set log_archive_config='dg_config=(cdb,cdb_stby)'
                set log_archive_dest_2='service=cdb ASYNC valid_for=(ONLINE_LOGFILE,PRIMARY_ROLE) db_unique_name=cdb';
}

脚本成功执行后，使用下面的SQL验证备库的状态：

SQL> select status,instance_name from v$instance;

1.3.2 启用redo日志应用

在主库节点先执行日志切换操做，而后在备库上启用redo日志应用。

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;

1.3.3 主备库角色验证

分别在主备库上，执行下面的SQL进行验证：

--主库
SQL> select database_role,switchover_status from v$database;

--备库
SQL> select database_role,switchover_status from v$database;

2、配置DG Broker服务

2.1 主备库启用broker

主备库上执行下面的SQL启用broker：

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET dg_broker_start=true scope=both;

2.2 建立broker配置文件

执行下面的命令链接主库并建立配置文件：

[oracle@db03 ~]$ dgmgrl sys@cdb as sysdba
DGMGRL for Linux: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue May 7 16:22:12 2019
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information.
Password:
Connected to "cdb"
Connected as SYSDBA.
DGMGRL> create configuration dg_cfg as primary database is cdb connect identifier is cdb;
Configuration "dg_cfg" created with primary database "cdb"
DGMGRL> add database cdb_stby as connect identifier is cdb_stby maintained as physical;
Database "cdb_stby" added
DGMGRL> enable configuration;
enabled.
DGMGRL>

若是添加standby数据库的时候，报以下错误:

ORA-16698: LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n parameter set for object to be added

在备库上，将LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2参数的值清空从新添加便可。

SQL> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=' ' scope=both;

2.3 查看配置文件信息

DGMGRL> show configuration;

Configuration - dg_cfg

  Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
  Members:
  cdb      - Primary database
    cdb_stby - Physical standby database 

Fast-Start Failover:  Disabled

Configuration Status:
SUCCESS   (status updated 17 seconds ago)

DGMGRL> show database cdb;

Database - cdb

  Role:               PRIMARY
  Intended State:     TRANSPORT-ON
  Instance(s):
    cdb

Database Status:
SUCCESS

DGMGRL> show database cdb_stby;

Database - cdb_stby

  Role:               PHYSICAL STANDBY
  Intended State:     APPLY-ON
  Transport Lag:      0 seconds (computed 0 seconds ago)
  Apply Lag:          0 seconds (computed 0 seconds ago)
  Average Apply Rate: 2.00 KByte/s
  Real Time Query:    ON
  Instance(s):
    cdb

Database Status:
SUCCESS

2.4 使用dgmgrl执行主备切换

DGMGRL> show configuration;

Configuration - dg_cfg

  Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
  Members:
  cdb      - Primary database
    cdb_stby - Physical standby database 

Fast-Start Failover:  Disabled

Configuration Status:
SUCCESS   (status updated 26 seconds ago)

DGMGRL> switchover to cdb_stby;
Performing switchover NOW, please wait...
Operation requires a connection to database "cdb_stby"
Connecting ...
Connected to "cdb_stby"
Connected as SYSDBA.
New primary database "cdb_stby" is opening...
Oracle Clusterware is restarting database "cdb" ...
Connected to an idle instance.
Connected to an idle instance.
Connected to an idle instance.
Connected to an idle instance.
Connected to an idle instance.
Connected to "cdb"
Connected to "cdb"
Switchover succeeded, new primary is "cdb_stby"
DGMGRL> show configuration;

Configuration - dg_cfg

  Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
  Members:
  cdb_stby - Primary database
    cdb      - Physical standby database 

Fast-Start Failover:  Disabled

Configuration Status:
SUCCESS   (status updated 15 second ago)