【录音】Android录音--AudioRecord、MediaRecorder

    Android提供了两个API用于实现录音功能：android.media.AudioRecord、android.media.MediaRecorder。

    网上有不少谈论这两个类的资料。如今大体总结下：

一、AudioRecord

主要是实现边录边播（AudioRecord+AudioTrack）以及对音频的实时处理（如会说话的汤姆猫、语音）

优势：语音的实时处理，能够用代码实现各类音频的封装

缺点：输出是PCM语音数据，若是保存成音频文件，是不可以被播放器播放的，因此必须先写代码实现数据编码以及压缩

示例：

使用AudioRecord类录音，并实现WAV格式封装。录音20s，输出的音频文件大概为3.5M左右（已写测试代码）

二、MediaRecorder

已经集成了录音、编码、压缩等，支持少许的录音音频格式，大概有.aac（API = 16） .amr .3gp

优势：大部分以及集成，直接调用相关接口便可，代码量小

缺点：没法实时处理音频；输出的音频格式不是不少，例如没有输出mp3格式文件

示例：

使用MediaRecorder类录音，输出amr格式文件。录音20s，输出的音频文件大概为33K（已写测试代码）

三、音频格式比较

WAV格式：录音质量高，可是压缩率小，文件大

AAC格式：相对于mp3，AAC格式的音质更佳，文件更小；有损压缩；通常苹果或者Android SDK4.1.2（API 16）及以上版本支持播放

AMR格式：压缩比比较大，但相对其余的压缩格式质量比较差，多用于人声，通话录音

至于经常使用的mp3格式，使用MediaRecorder没有该视频格式输出。一些人的作法是使用AudioRecord录音，而后编码成wav格式，再转换成mp3格式

 

    再贴上一些测试工程。

功能描述：

一、点击“录音WAV文件”，开始录音。录音完成后，生成文件/sdcard/FinalAudio.wav

二、点击“录音AMR文件”，开始录音。录音完成后，生成文件/sdcard/FinalAudio.amr

三、点击“中止录音”，中止录音，并显示录音输出文件以及该文件大小。

 

大体代码以下：

一、AudioRecord录音，封装成WAV格式

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package  com.example.audiorecordtest;   import  java.io.File; import  java.io.FileInputStream; import  java.io.FileNotFoundException; import  java.io.FileOutputStream; import  java.io.IOException;   import  android.media.AudioFormat; import  android.media.AudioRecord;   public  class  AudioRecordFunc {      // 缓冲区字节大小       private  int  bufferSizeInBytes = 0 ;            //AudioName裸音频数据文件 ，麦克风      private  String AudioName = "" ;             //NewAudioName可播放的音频文件       private  String NewAudioName = "" ;            private  AudioRecord audioRecord;       private  boolean  isRecord = false ; // 设置正在录制的状态                   private  static  AudioRecordFunc mInstance;                 private  AudioRecordFunc(){                }              public  synchronized  static  AudioRecordFunc getInstance()      {          if (mInstance == null )              mInstance = new  AudioRecordFunc();          return  mInstance;      }            public  int  startRecordAndFile() {          //判断是否有外部存储设备sdcard          if (AudioFileFunc.isSdcardExit())          {              if (isRecord)              {                  return  ErrorCode.E_STATE_RECODING;              }              else              {                  if (audioRecord == null )                      creatAudioRecord();                                    audioRecord.startRecording();                   // 让录制状态为true                   isRecord = true ;                   // 开启音频文件写入线程                   new  Thread( new  AudioRecordThread()).start();                                     return  ErrorCode.SUCCESS;              }                        }                else          {              return  ErrorCode.E_NOSDCARD;                     }              }           public  void  stopRecordAndFile() {           close();       }                  public  long  getRecordFileSize(){          return  AudioFileFunc.getFileSize(NewAudioName);      }                private  void  close() {           if  (audioRecord != null ) {               System.out.println( "stopRecord" );               isRecord = false ; //中止文件写入               audioRecord.stop();               audioRecord.release(); //释放资源               audioRecord = null ;           }       }                  private  void  creatAudioRecord() {           // 获取音频文件路径          AudioName = AudioFileFunc.getRawFilePath();          NewAudioName = AudioFileFunc.getWavFilePath();                    // 得到缓冲区字节大小           bufferSizeInBytes = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE,                   AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);                     // 建立AudioRecord对象           audioRecord = new  AudioRecord(AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_INPUT, AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE,                   AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, bufferSizeInBytes);       }                  class  AudioRecordThread implements  Runnable {           @Override           public  void  run() {               writeDateTOFile(); //往文件中写入裸数据               copyWaveFile(AudioName, NewAudioName); //给裸数据加上头文件           }       }           /**       * 这里将数据写入文件，可是并不能播放，由于AudioRecord得到的音频是原始的裸音频，       * 若是须要播放就必须加入一些格式或者编码的头信息。可是这样的好处就是你能够对音频的 裸数据进行处理，好比你要作一个爱说话的TOM       * 猫在这里就进行音频的处理，而后从新封装 因此说这样获得的音频比较容易作一些音频的处理。       */       private  void  writeDateTOFile() {           // new一个byte数组用来存一些字节数据，大小为缓冲区大小           byte [] audiodata = new  byte [bufferSizeInBytes];           FileOutputStream fos = null ;           int  readsize = 0 ;           try  {               File file = new  File(AudioName);               if  (file.exists()) {                   file.delete();               }               fos = new  FileOutputStream(file); // 创建一个可存取字节的文件           } catch  (Exception e) {               e.printStackTrace();           }           while  (isRecord == true ) {               readsize = audioRecord.read(audiodata, 0 , bufferSizeInBytes);               if  (AudioRecord.ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION != readsize && fos!= null ) {                   try  {                       fos.write(audiodata);                   } catch  (IOException e) {                       e.printStackTrace();                   }               }           }           try  {              if (fos != null )                  fos.close(); // 关闭写入流           } catch  (IOException e) {               e.printStackTrace();           }       }           // 这里获得可播放的音频文件       private  void  copyWaveFile(String inFilename, String outFilename) {           FileInputStream in = null ;           FileOutputStream out = null ;           long  totalAudioLen = 0 ;           long  totalDataLen = totalAudioLen + 36 ;           long  longSampleRate = AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE;           int  channels = 2 ;           long  byteRate = 16  * AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE * channels / 8 ;           byte [] data = new  byte [bufferSizeInBytes];           try  {               in = new  FileInputStream(inFilename);               out = new  FileOutputStream(outFilename);               totalAudioLen = in.getChannel().size();               totalDataLen = totalAudioLen + 36 ;               WriteWaveFileHeader(out, totalAudioLen, totalDataLen,                       longSampleRate, channels, byteRate);               while  (in.read(data) != - 1 ) {                   out.write(data);               }               in.close();               out.close();           } catch  (FileNotFoundException e) {               e.printStackTrace();           } catch  (IOException e) {               e.printStackTrace();           }       }           /**       * 这里提供一个头信息。插入这些信息就能够获得能够播放的文件。       * 为我为啥插入这44个字节，这个还真没深刻研究，不过你随便打开一个wav       * 音频的文件，能够发现前面的头文件能够说基本同样哦。每种格式的文件都有       * 本身特有的头文件。       */       private  void  WriteWaveFileHeader(FileOutputStream out, long  totalAudioLen,               long  totalDataLen, long  longSampleRate, int  channels, long  byteRate)               throws  IOException {           byte [] header = new  byte [ 44 ];           header[ 0 ] = 'R' ; // RIFF/WAVE header           header[ 1 ] = 'I' ;           header[ 2 ] = 'F' ;           header[ 3 ] = 'F' ;           header[ 4 ] = ( byte ) (totalDataLen & 0xff );           header[ 5 ] = ( byte ) ((totalDataLen >> 8 ) & 0xff );           header[ 6 ] = ( byte ) ((totalDataLen >> 16 ) & 0xff );           header[ 7 ] = ( byte ) ((totalDataLen >> 24 ) & 0xff );           header[ 8 ] = 'W' ;           header[ 9 ] = 'A' ;           header[ 10 ] = 'V' ;           header[ 11 ] = 'E' ;           header[ 12 ] = 'f' ; // 'fmt ' chunk           header[ 13 ] = 'm' ;           header[ 14 ] = 't' ;           header[ 15 ] = ' ' ;           header[ 16 ] = 16 ; // 4 bytes: size of 'fmt ' chunk           header[ 17 ] = 0 ;           header[ 18 ] = 0 ;           header[ 19 ] = 0 ;           header[ 20 ] = 1 ; // format = 1           header[ 21 ] = 0 ;           header[ 22 ] = ( byte ) channels;           header[ 23 ] = 0 ;           header[ 24 ] = ( byte ) (longSampleRate & 0xff );           header[ 25 ] = ( byte ) ((longSampleRate >> 8 ) & 0xff );           header[ 26 ] = ( byte ) ((longSampleRate >> 16 ) & 0xff );           header[ 27 ] = ( byte ) ((longSampleRate >> 24 ) & 0xff );           header[ 28 ] = ( byte ) (byteRate & 0xff );           header[ 29 ] = ( byte ) ((byteRate >> 8 ) & 0xff );           header[ 30 ] = ( byte ) ((byteRate >> 16 ) & 0xff );           header[ 31 ] = ( byte ) ((byteRate >> 24 ) & 0xff );           header[ 32 ] = ( byte ) ( 2  * 16  / 8 ); // block align           header[ 33 ] = 0 ;           header[ 34 ] = 16 ; // bits per sample           header[ 35 ] = 0 ;           header[ 36 ] = 'd' ;           header[ 37 ] = 'a' ;           header[ 38 ] = 't' ;           header[ 39 ] = 'a' ;           header[ 40 ] = ( byte ) (totalAudioLen & 0xff );           header[ 41 ] = ( byte ) ((totalAudioLen >> 8 ) & 0xff );           header[ 42 ] = ( byte ) ((totalAudioLen >> 16 ) & 0xff );           header[ 43 ] = ( byte ) ((totalAudioLen >> 24 ) & 0xff );           out.write(header, 0 , 44 );       }  }

 

二、MediaRecorder录音，输出amr格式音频

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package  com.example.audiorecordtest;   import  java.io.File; import  java.io.IOException;   import  android.media.MediaRecorder;   public  class  MediaRecordFunc {       private  boolean  isRecord = false ;            private  MediaRecorder mMediaRecorder;      private  MediaRecordFunc(){      }            private  static  MediaRecordFunc mInstance;      public  synchronized  static  MediaRecordFunc getInstance(){          if (mInstance == null )              mInstance = new  MediaRecordFunc();          return  mInstance;      }            public  int  startRecordAndFile(){          //判断是否有外部存储设备sdcard          if (AudioFileFunc.isSdcardExit())          {              if (isRecord)              {                  return  ErrorCode.E_STATE_RECODING;              }              else              {                  if (mMediaRecorder == null )                      createMediaRecord();                                    try {                      mMediaRecorder.prepare();                      mMediaRecorder.start();                      // 让录制状态为true                       isRecord = true ;                      return  ErrorCode.SUCCESS;                  } catch (IOException ex){                      ex.printStackTrace();                      return  ErrorCode.E_UNKOWN;                  }              }                        }                else          {              return  ErrorCode.E_NOSDCARD;                     }            }                  public  void  stopRecordAndFile(){           close();      }            public  long  getRecordFileSize(){          return  AudioFileFunc.getFileSize(AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath());      }                  private  void  createMediaRecord(){           /* ①Initial：实例化MediaRecorder对象 */          mMediaRecorder = new  MediaRecorder();                    /* setAudioSource/setVedioSource*/          mMediaRecorder.setAudioSource(AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_INPUT); //设置麦克风                    /* 设置输出文件的格式：THREE_GPP/MPEG-4/RAW_AMR/Default           * THREE_GPP(3gp格式，H263视频/ARM音频编码)、MPEG-四、RAW_AMR(只支持音频且音频编码要求为AMR_NB)           */           mMediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.DEFAULT);                      /* 设置音频文件的编码：AAC/AMR_NB/AMR_MB/Default */           mMediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.DEFAULT);                      /* 设置输出文件的路径 */           File file = new  File(AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath());           if  (file.exists()) {                file.delete();            }           mMediaRecorder.setOutputFile(AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath());      }                  private  void  close(){          if  (mMediaRecorder != null ) {               System.out.println( "stopRecord" );               isRecord = false ;              mMediaRecorder.stop();               mMediaRecorder.release();               mMediaRecorder = null ;          }       } }

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三、其余文件

AudioFileFunc.java

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package  com.example.audiorecordtest;   import  java.io.File;   import  android.media.MediaRecorder; import  android.os.Environment;   public  class  AudioFileFunc {      //音频输入-麦克风      public  final  static  int  AUDIO_INPUT = MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC;            //采用频率      //44100是目前的标准，可是某些设备仍然支持22050，16000，11025      public  final  static  int  AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE = 44100 ;  //44.1KHz,广泛使用的频率        //录音输出文件      private  final  static  String AUDIO_RAW_FILENAME = "RawAudio.raw" ;      private  final  static  String AUDIO_WAV_FILENAME = "FinalAudio.wav" ;      public  final  static  String AUDIO_AMR_FILENAME = "FinalAudio.amr" ;            /**       * 判断是否有外部存储设备sdcard       * @return true | false       */      public  static  boolean  isSdcardExit(){                if  (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED))              return  true ;          else              return  false ;      }                /**       * 获取麦克风输入的原始音频流文件路径       * @return       */      public  static  String getRawFilePath(){          String mAudioRawPath = "" ;          if (isSdcardExit()){              String fileBasePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();              mAudioRawPath = fileBasePath+ "/" +AUDIO_RAW_FILENAME;          }                      return  mAudioRawPath;      }            /**       * 获取编码后的WAV格式音频文件路径       * @return       */      public  static  String getWavFilePath(){          String mAudioWavPath = "" ;          if (isSdcardExit()){              String fileBasePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();              mAudioWavPath = fileBasePath+ "/" +AUDIO_WAV_FILENAME;          }          return  mAudioWavPath;      }                  /**       * 获取编码后的AMR格式音频文件路径       * @return       */      public  static  String getAMRFilePath(){          String mAudioAMRPath = "" ;          if (isSdcardExit()){              String fileBasePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();              mAudioAMRPath = fileBasePath+ "/" +AUDIO_AMR_FILENAME;          }          return  mAudioAMRPath;      }                    /**       * 获取文件大小       * @param path,文件的绝对路径       * @return       */      public  static  long  getFileSize(String path){          File mFile = new  File(path);          if (!mFile.exists())              return  - 1 ;          return  mFile.length();      }   }

 

四、其余文件

ErrorCode.java

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package  com.example.audiorecordtest;   import  android.content.Context; import  android.content.res.Resources.NotFoundException;   public  class  ErrorCode {      public  final  static  int  SUCCESS = 1000 ;      public  final  static  int  E_NOSDCARD = 1001 ;      public  final  static  int  E_STATE_RECODING = 1002 ;      public  final  static  int  E_UNKOWN = 1003 ;                  public  static  String getErrorInfo(Context vContext, int  vType) throws  NotFoundException      {          switch (vType)          {          case  SUCCESS:              return  "success" ;          case  E_NOSDCARD:              return  vContext.getResources().getString(R.string.error_no_sdcard);          case  E_STATE_RECODING:              return  vContext.getResources().getString(R.string.error_state_record);           case  E_UNKOWN:          default :              return  vContext.getResources().getString(R.string.error_unknown);                                  }      }   }

 

五、string.xml

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<? xml  version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> < resources >        < string  name="app_name">AudioRecordTest</ string >      < string  name="hello_world">测试AudioRecord，实现录音功能</ string >      < string  name="menu_settings">Settings</ string >      < string  name="view_record_wav">录音WAV文件</ string >      < string  name="view_record_amr">录音AMR文件</ string >      < string  name="view_stop">中止录音</ string >            < string  name="error_no_sdcard">没有SD卡，没法存储录音数据</ string >      < string  name="error_state_record">正在录音中，请先中止录音</ string >      < string  name="error_unknown">没法识别的错误</ string >   </ resources >

 

六、主程序MainActivity

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package com.example.audiorecordtest;   import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.util.Log; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView;   public class MainActivity extends Activity {      private final static int FLAG_WAV = 0;      private final static int FLAG_AMR = 1;      private int mState = -1;    //-1:没再录制，0：录制wav，1：录制amr      private Button btn_record_wav;      private Button btn_record_amr;      private Button btn_stop;      private TextView txt;      private UIHandler uiHandler;      private UIThread uiThread;        @Override      protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {          super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);          setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);          findViewByIds();          setListeners();          init();      }        @Override      public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {          // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.          getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu);          return true;      }      private void findViewByIds(){          btn_record_wav = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btn_record_wav);          btn_record_amr = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btn_record_amr);          btn_stop = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btn_stop);          txt = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.text);      }      private void setListeners(){          btn_record_wav.setOnClickListener(btn_record_wav_clickListener);          btn_record_amr.setOnClickListener(btn_record_amr_clickListener);          btn_stop.setOnClickListener(btn_stop_clickListener);      }      private void init(){          uiHandler = new UIHandler();             }      private Button.OnClickListener btn_record_wav_clickListener = new Button.OnClickListener(){          public void onClick(View v){              record(FLAG_WAV);          }      };      private Button.OnClickListener btn_record_amr_clickListener = new Button.OnClickListener(){          public void onClick(View v){              record(FLAG_AMR);          }      };      private Button.OnClickListener btn_stop_clickListener = new Button.OnClickListener(){          public void onClick(View v){              stop();              }      };      /**       * 开始录音       * @param mFlag，0：录制wav格式，1：录音amr格式       */      private void record(int mFlag){          if(mState != -1){              Message msg = new Message();              Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放数据              b.putInt("cmd",CMD_RECORDFAIL);              b.putInt("msg", ErrorCode.E_STATE_RECODING);              msg.setData(b);                uiHandler.sendMessage(msg); // 向Handler发送消息,更新UI              return;          }          int mResult = -1;          switch(mFlag){                 case FLAG_WAV:              AudioRecordFunc mRecord_1 = AudioRecordFunc.getInstance();              mResult = mRecord_1.startRecordAndFile();                         break;          case FLAG_AMR:              MediaRecordFunc mRecord_2 = MediaRecordFunc.getInstance();              mResult = mRecord_2.startRecordAndFile();              break;          }          if(mResult == ErrorCode.SUCCESS){              uiThread = new UIThread();              new Thread(uiThread).start();              mState = mFlag;          }else{              Message msg = new Message();              Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放数据              b.putInt("cmd",CMD_RECORDFAIL);              b.putInt("msg", mResult);              msg.setData(b);                uiHandler.sendMessage(msg); // 向Handler发送消息,更新UI          }      }      /**       * 中止录音       */      private void stop(){          if(mState != -1){              switch(mState){              case FLAG_WAV:                  AudioRecordFunc mRecord_1 = AudioRecordFunc.getInstance();                  mRecord_1.stopRecordAndFile();                  break;              case FLAG_AMR:                  MediaRecordFunc mRecord_2 = MediaRecordFunc.getInstance();                  mRecord_2.stopRecordAndFile();                  break;              }                         if(uiThread != null){                  uiThread.stopThread();              }              if(uiHandler != null)                  uiHandler.removeCallbacks(uiThread);              Message msg = new Message();              Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放数据              b.putInt("cmd",CMD_STOP);              b.putInt("msg", mState);              msg.setData(b);              uiHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg,1000); // 向Handler发送消息,更新UI              mState = -1;          }      }         private final static int CMD_RECORDING_TIME = 2000;      private final static int CMD_RECORDFAIL = 2001;      private final static int CMD_STOP = 2002;      class UIHandler extends Handler{          public UIHandler() {          }          @Override          public void handleMessage(Message msg) {              // TODO Auto-generated method stub              Log.d("MyHandler", "handleMessage......");              super.handleMessage(msg);              Bundle b = msg.getData();              int vCmd = b.getInt("cmd");              switch(vCmd)              {              case CMD_RECORDING_TIME:                  int vTime = b.getInt("msg");                  MainActivity.this.txt.setText("正在录音中，已录制："+vTime+" s");                  break;              case CMD_RECORDFAIL:                  int vErrorCode = b.getInt("msg");                  String vMsg = ErrorCode.getErrorInfo(MainActivity.this, vErrorCode);                  MainActivity.this.txt.setText("录音失败："+vMsg);                  break;              case CMD_STOP:                                 int vFileType = b.getInt("msg");                  switch(vFileType){                  case FLAG_WAV:                      AudioRecordFunc mRecord_1 = AudioRecordFunc.getInstance();                      long mSize = mRecord_1.getRecordFileSize();                      MainActivity.this.txt.setText("录音已中止.录音文件:"+AudioFileFunc.getWavFilePath()+"\n文件大小："+mSize);                      break;                  case FLAG_AMR:                                         MediaRecordFunc mRecord_2 = MediaRecordFunc.getInstance();                      mSize = mRecord_2.getRecordFileSize();                      MainActivity.this.txt.setText("录音已中止.录音文件:"+AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath()+"\n文件大小："+mSize);                      break;                  }                  break;              default:                  break;              }          }      };      class UIThread implements Runnable {                 int mTimeMill = 0;          boolean vRun = true;          public void stopThread(){              vRun = false;          }          public void run() {              while(vRun){                  try {                      Thread.sleep(1000);                  } catch (InterruptedException e) {                      // TODO Auto-generated catch block                      e.printStackTrace();                  }                  mTimeMill ++;                  Log.d("thread", "mThread........"+mTimeMill);                  Message msg = new Message();                  Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放数据                  b.putInt("cmd",CMD_RECORDING_TIME);                  b.putInt("msg", mTimeMill);                  msg.setData(b);                    MainActivity.this.uiHandler.sendMessage(msg); // 向Handler发送消息,更新UI              }            }      }   }

做者： 风倾清凌

出处： http://www.cnblogs.com/Amandaliu/

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