继承就是为了提升代码的复用率。java
利用继承,咱们能够避免代码的重复。让Woman类继承自Human类,Woman类就自动拥有了Human类中全部public成员的功能。
咱们用extends关键字表示继承:编程
看代码吧:ide
class Human { /*由于类中显式的声明了一个带参数构造器,因此默认的构造器就不存在了,可是你在子类的构造器中并无显式 * 的调用父类的构造器(建立子类对象的时候,必定会去调用父类的构造器,这个不用问为何),没有显式调用 * 的话,虚拟机就会默认调用父类的默认构造器,可是此时你的父类的默认构造器已经不存在了,这也就是为何父 * 类中必须保留默认构造器的缘由。 * PS.应该养成良好的编程习惯,任何咱们本身定义的类,都显式的加上默认的构造器,之后更深刻的学习以后, * 会发现有不少好处 */ public Human() { } public Human(int h) { System.out.println("human construction"); this.height = h; } public int getHeight() { return this.height; } public void growHeight(int h) { this.height = this.height + h; } public void breath() { System.out.println("hu.....hu....."); } private int height; } class Woman extends Human { public Human giveBirth() { System.out.println("Give birth"); return (new Human(20)); } } public class test { public static void main(String[] args) { Woman girl = new Woman(); girl.breath(); girl.growHeight(100); System.out.println(girl.getHeight()); Human baby = girl.giveBirth(); System.out.println(baby.getHeight()); baby.growHeight(12); System.out.println(baby.getHeight()); } }
输出:函数
hu.....hu.....
100
Give birth
human construction
20
32学习
须要注意 的地方:this
1.子类中要是要调用基类的成员变量的话,成员变量必须是 protected 或者是 public;spa
2.子类中可使用super关键字来指代基类对象,使用super() 至关于调用基类的构造函数,super.成员也能够访问。orm
看代码吧:对象
class Human { public Human(int h) { System.out.println("human construction"); this.height = h; } public int getHeight() { return this.height; } public void growHeight(int h) { this.height = this.height + h; } public void breath() { System.out.println("hu.....hu....."); } protected int height; } class Woman extends Human { public Woman(int h) { super(h); System.out.println("Woman construction"); } public Human giveBirth() { System.out.println("Give birth"); return (new Human(20)); } } public class test { public static void main(String[] args) { Woman girl = new Woman(20); girl.breath(); girl.growHeight(100); System.out.println(girl.getHeight()); Human baby = girl.giveBirth(); System.out.println(baby.getHeight()); baby.growHeight(12); System.out.println(baby.getHeight()); } }
输出结果:
human construction
Woman construction
hu.....hu.....
120
Give birth
human construction
20
32继承