python大佬养成计划----paramiko实现SSH

时间 2019-11-08

标签 python 大佬养成计划 paramiko 实现 ssh 栏目 Python 繁體版

原文原文链接

paramiko模块

SSH 为 Secure Shell 的缩写，由 IETF 的网络小组（Network Working Group）所制定；SSH 为创建在应用层基础上的安全协议。SSH 是目前较可靠，专为远程登陆会话和其余网络服务提供安全性的协议。利用 SSH 协议能够有效防止远程管理过程当中的信息泄露问题.python

paramiko是用python语言写的一个模块，遵循SSH2协议，支持以加密和认证的方式，进行远程服务器的链接。paramiko支持Linux, Solaris, BSD, MacOS X, Windows等平台经过SSH从一个平台链接到另一个平台。利用该模块，能够方便的进行ssh链接和sftp协议进行sftp文件传输。mysql

远程密码链接

#基于ssh,用于链接远程服务器作操做：远程执行命令，上传或下载文件
import paramiko

#建立一个ssh对象
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
#2.解决问题：首次链接，会出现
# Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
# 自动选择yes

# 容许链接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

#3.链接服务器
client.connect(hostname='172.25.254.19',port=22,username='root',password='westos')

#4.执行操做
stdin,stdout,stderr = client.exec_command('hostname')#标准输入，标准输出，标准错误输出。
#Execute a command on the SSH server.  A new `.Channel` is opened and
# the requested command is executed.  The command's input and output
# streams are returned as Python ``file``-like objects representing
# stdin, stdout, and stderr.

#5.获取命令的执行结果
res = stdout.read().decode('utf-8')#使结果具备可读性

print(res)

#6.断开链接
client.close()

批量链接

批量链接host.txt文件中的主机，返回执行结果
格式：172.25.254.1:22:root:westosios

import paramiko
with open('host.txt') as f: #保证host.txt文件在当前目录下
    hostinfos = f.readlines()   #列表形式，['172.25.254.1:22:root:westos\n', '172.25.254.2:22:root:westos\n', '172.25.254.3:22:root:westos\n', '172.25.254.19:22:root:westos\n']

    for hostinfo in hostinfos:
        hostinfo = hostinfo.strip() #去掉空格,字符串格式,172.25.254.2:22:root:westos
        print('正在链接%s主机' %(hostinfo.split(':')[0]))
        hostname,port,username,passwd = hostinfo.split(':')
        try:
            client = paramiko.SSHClient()
            client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
            client.connect(hostname=hostname,port=port,username=username,password=passwd)
            stdin,stdout,stderr = client.exec_command('hostname')
            res = stdout.read().decode('utf-8')
            print('结果为：',res)
        except Exception as e :
            print("Connection is failed,the reason is :",e)
        finally:
            client.close()
            print("链接结束")

基于公钥链接

免密登陆远程主机
首先在须要链接的主机上生成一对公钥和私钥，本机获取到须要链接的主机的私钥时，就能够经过公私钥配对，登录远程主机。
这里须要id_rsa存放你所链接的主机的私钥web

import paramiko
from paramiko.ssh_exception import NoValidConnectionsError, AuthenticationException

def conn(cmd,hostname,port=22,username='root'):
    client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('id_rsa')#id_rsa存放私钥
    client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    try:
        client.connect(hostname=hostname,
            port=port,username=username,pkey=private_key)
    except NoValidConnectionsError as e:
        print('...链接失败...')
    except AuthenticationException as e:
        print('...密码错误...')
    else:
        stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command(cmd)
        result = stdout.read().decode('utf-8')
        print(result)

    finally:
        client.close()


if __name__=='__main__':
    for count in range(13,20):
        hostname = '172.25.254.%s' %(count)
        print('正在链接主机：',hostname)
        conn('hostname',hostname)
    print("...链接结束...")

基于用户名密码上传下载文件

sftp是Secure File Transfer Protocol的缩写，安全文件传送协议。能够为传输文件提供一种安全的网络的加密方法。sql

import paramiko
tran = paramiko.Transport('172.25.254.19',22)
tran.connect(username='root',password='westos')


sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(tran)
#class SFTPClient(BaseSFTP, ClosingContextManager)
#SFTP client object.
# Used to open an SFTP session across an open SSH `.Transport` and perform
# remote file operations.
# Instances of this class may be used as context managers.
sftp.put('/home/kiosk/PycharmProjects/day18/07_pratice.py','/mnt/practice.py')
sftp.get('/mnt/passwd','hallo')
tran.close()

paramiko再封装

使paramiko模块执行本身想要的操做shell

import paramiko
import os
from paramiko.ssh_exception import NoValidConnectionsError, AuthenticationException, SSHException

class SshRrmote(object):
    def __init__(self,cmd,hostname,port,username,passwd):
        self.hostname = hostname
        self.passwd = passwd
        self.cmd = cmd
        self.username = username
        self.port = port
    def run(self):
        """默认调用的内容"""
        # cmd hostname
        # put local_file remote_file
        # get remote_file local_file
        cmd_str = self.cmd.split()[0]  # cmd
        # 类的反射, 判断类里面是否能够支持该操做?
        if hasattr(self, 'do_' + cmd_str):  # do_cmd
            getattr(self, 'do_' + cmd_str)()
        else:
            print("目前不支持该功能")
    def do_cmd(self):
        client = paramiko.SSHClient()
        try:
            client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
            client.connect(hostname=self.hostname,port=int(self.port),username=self.username,password=self.passwd)

        except NoValidConnectionsError as e:
            print('...链接失败...')
        except AuthenticationException as e:
            print('...密码错误...')
        else:
            cmd = ' '.join(self.cmd.split()[1:])
            stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command(cmd)
            result = stdout.read().decode('utf-8')
            print('执行结果',result)
        finally:
            print('断开%s的链接' %(self.hostname))
            client.close()
    def do_get(self):
        #有待改进，由于链接多个主机时，会覆盖文件
        print('开始下载')
        try:
            trans = paramiko.Transport(self.hostname,int(self.port))
            trans.connect(username=self.username,password=self.passwd)
            print('hello')
        except SSHException as e:
            print("链接失败")
        else:
            sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(trans)
            cmd = self.cmd.split()[1:]
            if len(cmd)==2:
                sftp.get(cmd[0],cmd[1])
                print("下载文件%s成功，并保存为%s" %(cmd[0],cmd[1]))
            else:
                print("参数有误")
            trans.close()
    def do_put(self):
        # put /tmp/passwd /tmp/passwd  # 将本机的/tmp/passwd文件上传到远程主机的/tmp/passwd;
        print("开始上传")   #注意你使用的用户是否为kiosk
        try:
            trans = paramiko.Transport(self.hostname, int(self.port))
            trans.connect(username=self.username, password=self.passwd)

        except SSHException as e:
            print("链接失败")
        else:
            sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(trans)
            cmd = self.cmd.split()[1:]
            if len(cmd) == 2:
                sftp.put(cmd[0],cmd[1])
                print("上传文件%s成功，并保存为%s" %(cmd[0], cmd[1]))
            else:
                print("参数有误")
            trans.close()

#1.选择要操做的主机组：mysql,web,ftp
#       主机信息怎么存？将不一样的主机信息存放在不一样的文件中
#2.根据选择的主机组，显示包含的主机IP/主机名
#3.让用户确认信息，选择须要批量执行的命令
#   -cmd shell命令
#   -put 本地文件 远程文件
#   -get 远程文件 本地文件

def main():
    groups = [file.rstrip('.conf') for file in os.listdir('conf')]
    print('主机组显示'.center(50,'*'))
    [print('\t',item) for item in groups]
    choiceGroup = input("请选择批量操做的主机组(eg:web):")
    with open('conf/'+choiceGroup+'.conf') as f:
        info = f.readlines()
        print("批量执行脚本".center(50, '*'))
        while True:
            cmd = input(">>").strip()
            if cmd:
                if cmd =='exit':
                    print("链接执行结束")
                    break
                for item in info:
                    item=item.strip()
                    print(item.split(':')[0].center(50,'-'))
                    hostname,port,username,passwd = item.split(':')
                    ssh = SshRrmote(cmd,hostname,port,username,passwd)
                    ssh.run()

main()