一、安装scala地址:https://www.scala-lang.org/download/,经过sjava
二、在idea中编译运行。添加IDEA Scala(执行此操做后,pom文件中不用添加scala依赖,应为已经以lib库的方式加入)shell
进入Module Setting或者按F4进入界面,选择Gloabal Library,右键scala jar包,选择Add to Modules... 便可。express
配置好环境变量后,shell输入scala。sass
一、基本操做语句session
scala> 3+4 res0: Int = 7 scala> 4*5+8 res1: Int = 28
二、Tab自动补全方法app
scala> "hello,scala" res2: String = hello,scala scala> res2.to to toBoolean toByte toDouble toIndexedSeq toIterable toList toLowerCase toSeq toShort toString toUpperCase toArray toBuffer toCharArray toFloat toInt toIterator toLong toMap toSet toStream toTraversable toVector scala> res2.sort sortBy sortWith sorted scala> res2.sorted res3: String = ,aacehlllos
三、REPL模式(read-eval-print-loop)dom
四、查看命令行,以冒号开头的都是命令操做ide
scala> :help All commands can be abbreviated, e.g., :he instead of :help. :completions <string> output completions for the given string :edit <id>|<line> edit history :help [command] print this summary or command-specific help :history [num] show the history (optional num is commands to show) :h? <string> search the history :imports [name name ...] show import history, identifying sources of names :implicits [-v] show the implicits in scope :javap <path|class> disassemble a file or class name :line <id>|<line> place line(s) at the end of history :load <path> interpret lines in a file :paste [-raw] [path] enter paste mode or paste a file :power enable power user mode :quit exit the interpreter :replay [options] reset the repl and replay all previous commands :require <path> add a jar to the classpath :reset [options] reset the repl to its initial state, forgetting all session entries :save <path> save replayable session to a file :sh <command line> run a shell command (result is implicitly => List[String]) :settings <options> update compiler options, if possible; see reset :silent disable/enable automatic printing of results :type [-v] <expr> display the type of an expression without evaluating it :kind [-v] <type> display the kind of a type. see also :help kind :warnings show the suppressed warnings from the most recent line which had any
一、val值不可变,var值可变。函数
scala> val answer = 1 answer: Int = 1 scala> var not = false not: Boolean = false
二、必要的时候能够声明类型:变量:类型 = 值oop
scala> var greeting: String = null greeting: String = null scala> val s1,s2:String = "test" s1: String = test s2: String = test
Byte Char Short Int Long Float Double
RichInt(Double、Char)
StringOps
a 方法 b
a.方法(b)
不支持 ++ --
若是没有参数,就不须要使用括号。
若是一个无参方法并不修改对象,调用时就能够不用写括号。
引入包的方式 _ 相似于java的*
能够直接使用半生对象的方法。
使用以scala开头的包时,能够省去scala的前缀。
一、相似函数调用的语法:
s(i) <=> java中的s.charAt(i),C++中的s[i] scala> val s = "abc" s: String = abc scala> s(2) res9: Char = c scala> s[2] <console>:1: error: identifier expected but integer literal found. s[2]
背后的实现逻辑:apply
二、一样,以下的操做都是背后调用了操做对象所属类的apply方法
scala> BigInt("123456") res10: scala.math.BigInt = 123456 scala> BigInt.apply("123456") res12: scala.math.BigInt = 123456 scala> Array(1,2,3) res13: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3) scala> Array.apply(1,2,3) res14: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3)
相似于JavaDoc同样的文档查看系统。
一、在scala中输入3.
,会提示那些方法可使用?
scala> 3. != + << >= abs compareTo getClass isNaN isValidChar isWhole round to toDegrees toInt toShort underlying % - <= >> byteValue doubleValue intValue isNegInfinity isValidInt longValue self toBinaryString toDouble toLong unary_+ until & / == >>> ceil floatValue isInfinite isPosInfinity isValidLong max shortValue toByte toFloat toOctalString unary_- | * < > ^ compare floor isInfinity isValidByte isValidShort min signum toChar toHexString toRadians unary_~
二、在Scala REPL中,计算3的平方根,而后再对该值求平方。如今,这个结果与3相差多少?
scala> import scala.math._ import scala.math._ scala> sqrt(3) res15: Double = 1.7320508075688772 scala> pow(res15,2) res16: Double = 2.9999999999999996 scala> 3 - res16 res18: Double = 4.440892098500626E-16
三、res变量是val仍是var?
scala> res18 = res18 + 1 <console>:15: error: reassignment to val res18 = res18 + 1
显然是不可变的,即val。
四、Scala容许用数字乘以字符串,去REPL中试一下"crazy" * 3.这个操做作了什么?在ScalaDoc中如何找到这个操做?
scala> "crazy" * 3 res19: String = crazycrazycrazy
这个操做将字符串叠加了3次,造成一个新的字符串返回;在ScalaDoc中StringOps类中能够找到该方法
def *(n: Int): String Return the current string concatenated n times.
五、 10 max 2
的含义是什么?max定义在哪一个类中? 含义为返回10和2中值最大的那一个。也能够写为10.max(2)、2.max(10)
scala> 10 max 2 res0: Int = 10
定义在Int类中
def max(that: Int): Int Returns this if this > that or that otherwise.
六、用BigInt计算2的1024次方。
scala> BigInt(2).pow(1024) res8: scala.math.BigInt = 179769313486231590772930519078902473361797697894230657273430081157732675805500963132708477322407536021120113879871393357658789768814416622492847430639474124377767893424865485276302219601246094119453082952085005768838150682342462881473913110540827237163350510684586298239947245938479716304835356329624224137216
七、为了在使用probablePrime(100,Random)
获取随机质数时不在probablePrime和Radom以前使用任何限定符,须要引入什么?
// Random引用 scala> import scala.util._ import scala.util._ // probablePrime引用 scala> import scala.math.BigInt._ import scala.math.BigInt._ scala> probablePrime(100,Random) res8: scala.math.BigInt = 960697016320705319171295980203
八、建立随机文件的方式之一辈子成一个随机的BigInt,而后将他转换成36进制,返回相似于"qsnvbevtomcj38o06kul"这样的字符串。查阅scala文档找到实现该逻辑的方法。
scala> val num = BigInt.probablePrime(100,Random) num: scala.math.BigInt = 661712999120439539288883430513 scala> num.toString(36) res9: String = 1s5jrbb731snvh11spdd
九、在scala中如何获取字符串的首字符和尾字符。
scala> var s9 = "abcde" s9: String = abcde scala> s9(0) res10: Char = a scala> s9.last res10: Char = e
十、take、drop、takeRight和dropRight这些字符串方法是作什么用的?和substring相比,他们的优势和缺点有什么呢?
1. 在StringLike中 * take:Selects first n elements.(选择开头的n个字符) * takeRight :Selects last n elements.(选择末尾的n个字符) 2. StringOps drop :Selects all elements except first n ones. (选择除了开头的n个字符) dropRight:Selects all elements except last n ones. (选择除了末尾的n个字符) substring: 选择子串,这个要构造一个新的字符串