一、playbook 介绍:
node
简单的说就是定义一个配置文件,文件中写入你须要安装的服务,配置文件,变量等信息,使他们能够按照事先定义好的机制完成一个任务。shell
Playbook使用YAML语法结构,因此配置阅读起来都比较简单。apache
二、playbook 的组成结构:
bash
target sectionssh
定义将要执行playbook的远程主机组
tcp
variable sectionide
定义playbook运行时须要使用的变量
spa
task sectionrest
定义将要在远程主机上执行的任务列表
server
handler section
定义task执行完成之后须要调用的任务
hosts:定义远程主机组
remote_user:执行该任务的用户
sudo: 设置为yes的时候,执行任务的时候使用root权限
sudo_user 若是你设置用户为 lansgg ,那么你执行的时候会使用 lansgg 用户的权限
connection 经过什么方式链接到远程主机,默认是ssh
gather_facks 是否启用在远程主机执行setup模块,默认是会执行的,可用同setup模块获取远程主机的信息,在定义变量的时候使用
vars 定义格式 变量名:变量值
vars_files 指定变量文件
vars_prompt 用户交互模式自定义变量
setup 模块去远程主机的值
name:输出到屏幕的信息
action:定义执行的动做调用ansible的模块例如:yum name=http state=installed就是安装apache服务
copy:复制本地文件到远程主机
template:复制本地文件到远程主机可是他能够在本地文件中调用变量
service :定义服务的状态
handler section
能够理解为处理器,已经为 task section 进行调用,为任务列表操做完毕后的后续动做,当关注的资源发生变化时执行的操做
playbook 示例一:
编写一个 playbook 剧本文件,安装 httpd 服务,并将本地准备好的配置文件 copy 过去某一个位置,这里示例为 /tmp 下
[root@node1 ansible]# cat http.yml - hosts: testservers remote_user: root tasks: - name: instal httpd service yum: name=httpd state=present - name: copy httpd conf copy: src=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf dest=/tmp/httpd.conf [root@node1 ansible]#
开始执行:
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook http.yml PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [192.168.100.131] ok: [192.168.100.132] TASK: [instal httpd service] ************************************************** changed: [192.168.100.131] changed: [192.168.100.132] TASK: [copy httpd conf] ******************************************************* changed: [192.168.100.131] changed: [192.168.100.132] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 192.168.100.131 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.100.132 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'ls -l /tmp/httpd*' 192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34421 Mar 1 12:17 /tmp/httpd.conf 192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34421 Mar 1 12:18 /tmp/httpd.conf [root@node1 ansible]#
示例 2、
安装 httpd 服务,将本地准备好的配置文件 copy 过去,而且启动服务
[root@node1 ansible]# cat http.yml - hosts: testservers remote_user: root tasks: - name: instal httpd service yum: name=httpd state=present - name: copy httpd conf copy: src=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf - name: start httpd service service: name=httpd state=started [root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook http.yml PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [192.168.100.131] ok: [192.168.100.132] TASK: [instal httpd service] ************************************************** changed: [192.168.100.131] changed: [192.168.100.132] TASK: [copy httpd conf] ******************************************************* changed: [192.168.100.132] changed: [192.168.100.131] TASK: [start httpd service] *************************************************** changed: [192.168.100.131] changed: [192.168.100.132] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 192.168.100.131 : ok=4 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.100.132 : ok=4 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'netstat -naptl |grep 8080' 192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >> tcp 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 4018/httpd 192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >> tcp 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 35438/httpd [root@node1 ansible]#
示例 三 :
咱们将 httpd.conf 监听的端口改成 8090 ,而后从新覆盖配置文件,当这个配置文件发生改变时,就触发 handler 进行服务重启
notify 这个 action可用于在每一个play的最后被触发,这样能够避免屡次有改变发生时每次都执行指定的操做,notify中列出的操做称为handler,
[root@node1 ansible]# cat http.yml - hosts: testservers remote_user: root tasks: - name: instal httpd service yum: name=httpd state=present - name: copy httpd conf copy: src=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf notify: - restart httpd service - name: start httpd service service: name=httpd state=started enabled=true handlers: - name: restart httpd service service: name=httpd state=restarted [root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook http.yml PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [192.168.100.131] ok: [192.168.100.132] TASK: [instal httpd service] ************************************************** ok: [192.168.100.131] ok: [192.168.100.132] TASK: [copy httpd conf] ******************************************************* changed: [192.168.100.132] changed: [192.168.100.131] TASK: [start httpd service] *************************************************** changed: [192.168.100.131] changed: [192.168.100.132] NOTIFIED: [restart httpd service] ********************************************* changed: [192.168.100.131] changed: [192.168.100.132] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 192.168.100.131 : ok=5 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.100.132 : ok=5 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'netstat -nltp |grep 8090' 192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >> tcp 0 0 :::8090 :::* LISTEN 4216/httpd 192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >> tcp 0 0 :::8090 :::* LISTEN 36215/httpd [root@node1 ansible]#
示例 四:
带有 vars 变量
[root@node1 ansible]# cat http.yml - hosts: testservers vars: src_http_dir: "/etc/httpd" dest_http_dir: "/tmp" remote_user: root tasks: - name: copy httpd conf copy: src="`src_http_dir`/conf/httpd.conf" dest="`dest_http_dir`/http.conf.ansible" [root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook http.yml PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [192.168.100.131] ok: [192.168.100.132] TASK: [copy httpd conf] ******************************************************* changed: [192.168.100.131] changed: [192.168.100.132] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 192.168.100.131 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.100.132 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'ls -l /tmp/http*' 192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34421 Mar 1 13:25 /tmp/http.conf.ansible 192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34421 Mar 1 13:25 /tmp/http.conf.ansible [root@node1 ansible]#
示例 五 :
结合 template 模板,从 setup 模块中获取 变量,替换到模板文件中,咱们的模块文件中有两项使用了 setup 中的 facts ,还使用了 vars 设定的变量 分别是ServerName 和 Listen
[root@node1 ansible]# pwd /etc/ansible [root@node1 ansible]# grep Listen httpd.conf |grep -v ^# Listen `ansible_all_ipv4_addresses`.`0`:`http_port` [root@node1 ansible]# grep ServerName httpd.conf |grep -v ^# ServerName `ansible_nodename` [root@node1 ansible]#
咱们的 yaml 文件
[root@node1 ansible]# cat http.yml - hosts: testservers vars: http_port: 8010 http_dir: /etc/httpd/conf remote_user: root tasks: - name: copy httpd conf template: src=/etc/ansible/httpd.conf dest="`http_dir`/httpd.conf" notify: - restart httpd service handlers: - name: restart httpd service service: name=httpd state=restarted [root@node1 ansible]#
执行 playbook
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-playbook http.yml PLAY [testservers] ************************************************************ GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [192.168.100.131] ok: [192.168.100.132] TASK: [copy httpd conf] ******************************************************* changed: [192.168.100.132] changed: [192.168.100.131] NOTIFIED: [restart httpd service] ********************************************* changed: [192.168.100.131] changed: [192.168.100.132] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 192.168.100.131 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.100.132 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@node1 ansible]#
查看远程主机的配置文件及监听端口
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'netstat -natpl |grep httpd' 192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >> tcp 0 0 192.168.100.131:8010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5777/httpd 192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >> tcp 0 0 192.168.100.132:8010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 40652/httpd [root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a ' grep ServerName /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf |grep -v ^#' 192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >> ServerName v3.lansgg.com 192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >> ServerName v2.lansgg.com [root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'grep Listen /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf |grep -v ^#' 192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >> Listen 192.168.100.132:8010 192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >> Listen 192.168.100.131:8010 [root@node1 ansible]#
结果正确。