Django 认证

时间 2019-12-08

标签 django 认证栏目 Python 繁體版

原文原文链接

from django.contrib import auth

1.authenticate()css

提供了用户认证，即验证用户名以及密码是否正确，通常须要username和password两个关键字参数html

若是经过认证，authenticate()函数会返回一个User对象，没经过返回Nonedocker

user=authenticate(username="uaername",password="password"

2.login(request)登录用户数据库

这个函数使用Django的session框架给某个已认证的用户附加上session_id信息。django

使用：session

    from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
    
    from django.contrib.auth import authenticate,login
    
    def auth_view(request):
        username=request.POST.GET("usernmae")       # 获取用户名
        password=request.POST.GET("password")       # 获取用户的密码
    
        user=authenticate(username=username,password=password)  # 验证用户名和密码，返回用户对象
    
        if user:                        # 若是用户对象存在
            login(request,user)         # 用户登录
            return redirect("/index/")
    
        else:
            return HttpResponse("用户名或密码错误")

3.logout(request)注销用户框架

这个函数接受一个HttpResponse对象，无返回值。dom

当调用该函数时，当前请求的session信息所有被清除。函数

即便当前用户没有登录，调用该函数也不会报错。post

    from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse    
    from django.contrib.auth import authenticate,login,logout
    
    def logout_view(request):       
        logout(request)     # 注销用户       
        return redirect("/index/")

4.user对象

User对象属性：username,password为必填项

is_staff：判断用户是否拥有网站的管理权限
is_active：判断是否容许用户登录，设置为“False”时能够不用删除用户来禁止用户登录
User对象的属性值能够在template里取得，如：request.user.username request.user.mobile request.user.is_staff

5.user对象的is_authenticated()

要求：

用户登录后才能访问某些页面
若是用户没有登录就访问本应登录才能访问的页面时会直接跳转到登录页面
用户在登录页面登录后，又会自动跳转到以前访问的页面

方法一：

    def view1(request):        
        if not request.user.is_authenticated():
            return redirect("/login/")

方法二：

 # login_required装饰器
 from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
    @login_required
    def views(request):
        pass

若是用户没有登录，则会跳转到Django默认的登录URL的"/accountss/login/"

login视图函数能够在settings.py文件中经过LOGIN_URL修改默认

6.建立用户 create_user

    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
    
    user=User.objects.get(username="username")      # 获取用户对象
    user.set_password(password="password")          # 设置对象的密码   
    user.save()

7.修改密码check_password(password)

    from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
    from django.contrib.auth import authenticate,login,logout
    from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
    
    @login_required
    def change_passwd(request):
        user=request.user       # 获取用户名
        msg=None
    
        if request.method=='POST':
            old_password=request.POST.get("old_password","")    # 获取原来的密码，默认为空字符串
            new_password=request.POST.get("new_password","")    # 获取新密码，默认为空字符串
            confirm=request.POST.get("confirm_password","")     # 获取确认密码，默认为空字符串
    
            if user.check_password(old_password):               # 到数据库中验证旧密码经过
                if new_password or confirm:                     # 新密码或确认密码为空
                    msg="新密码不能为空"   
                elif new_password != confirm:                   # 新密码与确认密码不同
                    msg="两次密码不一致"
    
                else:
                    user.set_password(new_password)             # 修改密码
                    user.save()
    
                    return redirect("/index/")
            else:
                msg="旧密码输入错误"
    
        return render(request,"change_passwd.html",{"msg":msg})

7.修改密码check_password(password)

方式一

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
    from django.contrib.auth import authenticate,login,logout
    from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
    
    @login_required
    def change_passwd(request):
        user=request.user       # 获取用户名
        msg=None
    
        if request.method=='POST':
            old_password=request.POST.get("old_password","")    # 获取原来的密码，默认为空字符串
            new_password=request.POST.get("new_password","")    # 获取新密码，默认为空字符串
            confirm=request.POST.get("confirm_password","")     # 获取确认密码，默认为空字符串
    
            if user.check_password(old_password):               # 到数据库中验证旧密码经过
                if new_password or confirm:                     # 新密码或确认密码为空
                    msg="新密码不能为空"   
                elif new_password != confirm:                   # 新密码与确认密码不同
                    msg="两次密码不一致"
    
                else:
                    user.set_password(new_password)             # 修改密码
                    user.save()
    
                    return redirect("/index/")
            else:
                msg="旧密码输入错误"
    
        return render(request,"change_passwd.html",{"msg":msg})

方式二

# 经过form检测和认证
# 认证forms表单
from django import forms

class ChangePasswordForm(forms.Form):
    old_password = forms.CharField(label=u'原密码', error_messages={'required': '请输入原始密码'},
        widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control', 'style': 'width:500px;'}))
    new_password1 = forms.CharField(label=u'新密码', error_messages={'required': '请输入新密码'},
        widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control', 'style': 'width:500px;'}))
    new_password2 = forms.CharField(label=u'新密码', error_messages={'required': '请重复新输入密码'},
        widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control', 'style': 'width:500px;'}))

    def __init__(self, user, *args, **kwargs):
        self.user = user
        super(ChangePasswordForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def clean_old_password(self):
        old_password = self.cleaned_data["old_password"]
        if not self.user.check_password(old_password):
            raise forms.ValidationError(u'原密码错误')
        return old_password

    def clean_new_password2(self):
        password1 = self.cleaned_data.get('new_password1')
        password2 = self.cleaned_data.get('new_password2')
        if len(password1)<6:
            raise forms.ValidationError(u'密码必须大于6位')

        if password1 and password2:
            if password1 != password2:
                raise forms.ValidationError(u'两次密码输入不一致')
        return password2

    def save(self, commit=True):
        self.user.set_password(self.cleaned_data['new_password1'])
        if commit:
            self.user.save()
        return self.user


# 改密码html
<form class="form-horizontal" role="form" method="post" action={% url "change_password" %}>
    {% csrf_token %}
              <div class="box-body">
        {% for item in form %}
            <div class="form-group">
                <label class="col-sm-1 control-label">{{item.label}}</label>

                <div class="col-ms-8" style="margin-left: 10px;">
                    {{item}}
                </div>
                <div class="col-ms-8" style="margin-left: 10px;">
                    {{item.errors}}
                </div>
            </div>
        {% endfor %}
        <div class="form-group">
            <div class="box-footer" style="margin-left: 10px;width: 530px;">
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary pull-left" style="width: 120px">更新密码</button>&nbsp;&nbsp;
            </div>
        </div>
              </div>
    </form>

# 更改密码函数
@login_required()
def change_password(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ChangePasswordForm(user=request.user, data=request.POST)
        u = form.user
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return HttpResponse(str(u)+"密码更新成功!")
    else:
        form = ChangePasswordForm(user=request.user)
    kwargs = {
        'form': form,
        'request': request,
    }
    return render(request, 'accounts/change_password.html', kwargs)

8.引用用户模型get_user_model()

get_user_model().objects能够操做用户表user

#显示全部用户
get_user_model().objects.all()

#删除用户
get_user_model().objects.filter(id=用户id).delete()

#随机生成10位数密码
get_user_model().objects.make_random_password(length=10, allowed_chars='abcdefghjklmnpqrstuvwxyABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXY3456789')

CP https://www.cnblogs.com/ccorz/p/Django-zi-ding-yi-yong-hu-ren-zheng-xi-tong-zhi-zi.htmlhttps://www.cnblogs.com/renpingsheng/p/7629997.htmlhttps://www.cnblogs.com/ccorz/p/6358074.html