xUnit随笔

时间 2019-11-12

标签 xunit 随笔繁體版

原文原文链接

XUnit入门

1.若是以前安装了xUnit.net Visual Studio Runner扩展包，经过"工具"菜单下的"扩展和更新"先将该扩展包卸载。html

2.删除临时目录中的指定文件夹：%TEMP%\VisualStudioTestExplorerExtensionsgit

安装Xunit：github

Xunit的安装如今不须要插件支持了，直接使用NuGet安装以下两个库便可：浏览器

• PM> Install-Package xunitless

• PM> Install-Package xunit.runner.visualstudio -Pre (Visual Studio测试浏览器支持， VS2015目前必须装Pre的)ide

Comparing xUnit.net to other frameworks

Attributes

Note: This table was written back when xUnit.net 1.0 has shipped, and needs to be updated with information regarding the latest versions of the unit testing frameworks.函数

NUnit 2.2工具	MSTest 2005post	xUnit.net 2.x测试	Comments
`[Test]`	`[TestMethod]`	`[Fact]`	Marks a test method.
`[TestFixture]`	`[TestClass]`	n/a	xUnit.net does not require an attribute for a test class; it looks for all test methods in all public (exported) classes in the assembly.
`[ExpectedException]`	`[ExpectedException]`	`Assert.Throws` `Record.Exception`	xUnit.net has done away with the ExpectedException attribute in favor of `Assert.Throws`. See Note 1
`[SetUp]`	`[TestInitialize]`	Constructor	We believe that use of `[SetUp]` is generally bad. However, you can implement a parameterless constructor as a direct replacement. See Note 2
`[TearDown]`	`[TestCleanup]`	`IDisposable.Dispose`	We believe that use of `[TearDown]` is generally bad. However, you can implement `IDisposable.Dispose` as a direct replacement. See Note 2
`[TestFixtureSetUp]`	`[ClassInitialize]`	`IClassFixture<T>`	To get per-class fixture setup, implement `IClassFixture<T>` on your test class. See Note 3
`[TestFixtureTearDown]`	`[ClassCleanup]`	`IClassFixture<T>`	To get per-class fixture teardown, implement `IClassFixture<T>` on your test class. See Note 3
n/a	n/a	`ICollectionFixture<T>`	To get per-collection fixture setup and teardown, implement `ICollectionFixture<T>` on your test collection. See Note 3
`[Ignore]`	`[Ignore]`	`[Fact(Skip="reason")]`	Set the Skip parameter on the `[Fact]` attribute to temporarily skip a test.
`[Property]`	`[TestProperty]`	`[Trait]`	Set arbitrary metadata on a test
n/a	`[DataSource]`	`[Theory]` `[XxxData]`	Theory (data-driven test). See Note 4

Attribute Notes

Note 1: Long-term use of [ExpectedException] has uncovered various problems with it. First, it doesn’t specifically say which line of code should throw the exception, which allows subtle and difficult-to-track failures that show up as passing tests. Second, it doesn’t offer the opportunity to fully inspect details of the exception itself, since the handling is outside the normal code flow of the test. Assert.Throws allows you to test a specific set of code for throwing an exception, and returns the exception during success so you can write further asserts against the exception instance itself.

Note 2: The xUnit.net team feels that per-test setup and teardown creates difficult-to-follow and debug testing code, often causing unnecessary code to run before every single test is run. For more information, see http://jamesnewkirk.typepad.com/posts/2007/09/why-you-should-.html.

Note 3: xUnit.net provides a new way to think about per-fixture data with the use of the IClassFixture<T> and ICollectionFixture<T> interfaces. The runner will create a single instance of the fixture data and pass it through to your constructor before running each test. All the tests share the same instance of fixture data. After all the tests have run, the runner will dispose of the fixture data, if it implements IDisposable. For more information, see Shared Context.

Note 4: xUnit.net ships with support for data-driven tests call Theories. Mark your test with the [Theory] attribute (instead of [Fact]), then decorate it with one or more [XxxData] attributes, including [InlineData] and [MemberData]. For more information, see Getting Started.

Assertions

Note: this table was written back when xUnit.net 1.0 has shipped, and needs to be updated with information regarding the latest versions of the unit testing frameworks.

NUnit 2.2	MSTest 2005	xUnit.net 1.x	Comments
`AreEqual`	`AreEqual`	`Equal`	MSTest and xUnit.net support generic versions of this method
`AreNotEqual`	`AreNotEqual`	`NotEqual`	MSTest and xUnit.net support generic versions of this method
`AreNotSame`	`AreNotSame`	`NotSame`
`AreSame`	`AreSame`	`Same`
`Contains`	`Contains`	`Contains`
`DoAssert`	n/a	n/a
n/a	`DoesNotContain`	`DoesNotContain`
n/a	n/a	`DoesNotThrow`	Ensures that the code does not throw any exceptions
`Fail`	`Fail`	n/a	xUnit.net alternative: `Assert.True(false, "message")`
`Greater`	n/a	n/a	xUnit.net alternative: `Assert.True(x > y)`
`Ignore`	`Inconclusive`	n/a
n/a	n/a	`InRange`	Ensures that a value is in a given inclusive range (note: NUnit and MSTest have limited support for `InRange` on their `AreEqual` methods)
`IsAssignableFrom`	n/a	`IsAssignableFrom`
`IsEmpty`	n/a	`Empty`
`IsFalse`	`IsFalse`	`False`
`IsInstanceOfType`	`IsInstanceOfType`	`IsType`
`IsNaN`	n/a	n/a	xUnit.net alternative: `Assert.True(double.IsNaN(x))`
`IsNotAssignableFrom`	n/a	n/a	xUnit.net alternative: `Assert.False(obj is Type)`
`IsNotEmpty`	n/a	`NotEmpty`
`IsNotInstanceOfType`	`IsNotInstanceOfType`	`IsNotType`
`IsNotNull`	`IsNotNull`	`NotNull`
`IsNull`	`IsNull`	`Null`
`IsTrue`	`IsTrue`	`True`
`Less`	n/a	n/a	xUnit.net alternative: `Assert.True(x < y)`
n/a	n/a	`NotInRange`	Ensures that a value is not in a given inclusive range
n/a	n/a	`Throws`	Ensures that the code throws an exact exception

Copyright © 2015 Outercurve Foundation. Contributions welcomed at https://github.com/xunit/xunit.github.io.

测试方式说明：

声明测试用例：

Xunit里面不须要TestClass之类Attribute来标记测试用例类，只须要知足以下条件便可：

测试类必须是public的
测试用例用 FactAttribute 标记

断言：

Assert类用来验证测试测试函数的输出结果。

Assert.Equal(3, Math.Max(3, 2));

也能够使用一些扩展的断言库，经常使用的就是xunit.should库，它是以扩展函数的方式进行验证，看起来更加舒服。

PM> Install-Package xunit.should

Math.Max(3, 2).ShouldBe(3);

构建和析构：

Xunit里面并非经过SetUp和TearDown标记来代表测试用例的构建和析构操做，它每次执行测试用例的时候都会插件测试用例类，执行完成后，若是其实现了IDispose接口，则会调用Dispose函数，更加简洁明了。也就是说：

在测试用例类的构造函数指向数据构建操做，
在Dispose函数中指向数据清理操做

异常测试

Xunit并非经过Attribute来标记异常捕获的，而是直接使用Assert.Throws断言函数来验证异常。

public class TestClass1
    {
        [ Fact]
         public void testException()
        {
             Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => operation());
        }
         void operation()
        {
             throw new InvalidOperationException();
        }
    }

更改测试用例名称：

[ Fact(DisplayName = "Max 函数测试 " )]

跳过测试用例：

[ Fact(Skip = " 重构未完成 " )]

分组：

[ Trait("Group", "Category")]