在学习ab工具以前,咱们需了解几个关于压力测试的概念nginx
吞吐率(Requests per second)
概念:服务器并发处理能力的量化描述,单位是reqs/s,指的是某个并发用户数下单位时间内处理的请求数。某个并发用户数下单位时间内能处理的最大请求数,称之为最大吞吐率。
计算公式:总请求数 / 处理完成这些请求数所花费的时间,即
Request per second = Complete requests / Time taken for testsweb
并发链接数(The number of concurrent connections)
概念:某个时刻服务器所接受的请求数目,简单的讲,就是一个会话。redis
并发用户数(The number of concurrent users,Concurrency Level)
概念:要注意区分这个概念和并发链接数之间的区别,一个用户可能同时会产生多个会话,也即链接数。sql
用户平均请求等待时间(Time per request)
计算公式:处理完成全部请求数所花费的时间/ (总请求数 / 并发用户数),即
Time per request = Time taken for tests /( Complete requests / Concurrency Level)apache
服务器平均请求等待时间(Time per request: across all concurrent requests)
计算公式:处理完成全部请求数所花费的时间 / 总请求数,即
Time taken for / testsComplete requests
能够看到,它是吞吐率的倒数。
同时,它也=用户平均请求等待时间/并发用户数,即
Time per request / Concurrency Levelubuntu
ab是apache自带的压力测试工具。ab很是实用,它不只能够对apache服务器进行网站访问压力测试,也能够对或其它类型的服务器进行压力测试。好比nginx、tomcat、IIS等。windows
ycz@ubuntu:~$ ab 程序“ab”还没有安装。 您可使用如下命令安装: sudo apt-get install apache2-utils ycz@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install apache2-utils
Usage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path Options are: -n requests Number of requests to perform //请求连接数 -c concurrency Number of multiple requests to make at a time //表示并发数 -t timelimit Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking This implies -n 50000 -s timeout Seconds to max. wait for each response Default is 30 seconds -b windowsize Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes -B address Address to bind to when making outgoing connections -p postfile File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T -u putfile File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T -T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg. 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' Default is 'text/plain' -v verbosity How much troubleshooting info to print -w Print out results in HTML tables -i Use HEAD instead of GET -x attributes String to insert as table attributes -y attributes String to insert as tr attributes -z attributes String to insert as td or th attributes -C attribute Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable) -H attribute Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip' Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable) -A attribute Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes are a colon separated username and password. -P attribute Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes are a colon separated username and password. -X proxy:port Proxyserver and port number to use -V Print version number and exit -k Use HTTP KeepAlive feature -d Do not show percentiles served table. -S Do not show confidence estimators and warnings. -q Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests -l Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages) -g filename Output collected data to gnuplot format file. -e filename Output CSV file with percentages served -r Don't exit on socket receive errors. -h Display usage information (this message) -Z ciphersuite Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers) -f protocol Specify SSL/TLS protocol (SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)
输入命令数组
ycz@ubuntu:~$ ab -n 100 -c 10 http://sewise.21321.com/redistest/RedisSaveToMysqlJson
其中-n表示请求数,-c表示并发数tomcat
请求测试代码:$redisInfo 是一个Json数组服务器
Concurrency Level: 100 //并发请求数
Time taken for tests: 50.872 seconds //整个测试持续的时间
Complete requests: 1000 //完成的请求数
Failed requests: 0 //失败的请求数 Total transferred: 13701482 bytes //整个场景中的网络传输量
HTML transferred: 13197000 bytes //整个场景中的HTML内容传输量
Requests per second: 19.66 [#/sec] (mean) //吞吐率,你们最关心的指标之一,至关于 LR 中的每秒事务数,后面括号中的 mean 表示这是一个平均值
Time per request: 5087.180 [ms] (mean) //用户平均请求等待时间,你们最关心的指标之二,至关于 LR 中的平均事务响应时间,后面括号中的 mean 表示这是一个平均值
Time per request: 50.872 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) //服务器平均请求处理时间,你们最关心的指标之三
Transfer rate: 263.02 [Kbytes/sec] received //平均每秒网络上的流量,能够帮助排除是否存在网络流量过大致使响应时间延长的问题
有时候进行压力测试须要用户登陆,怎么办?
请参考如下步骤:
若是只用到一个Cookie,那么只需键入命令:ab -n 100 -C key=value http://test.com/
若是须要多个Cookie,就直接设Header:ab -n 100 -H “Cookie: Key1=Value1; Key2=Value2” http://test.com/
总的来讲ab工具ab小巧简单,上手学习较快,能够提供须要的基本性能指标,可是没有图形化结果,不能监控。所以ab工具能够用做临时紧急任务和简单测试。
同类型的压力测试工具还有:webbench、siege、http_load等
参考网址:http://www.jianshu.com/p/43d04d8baaf7