CentOS6.x机器安装Python2.7.x

 

准备环境：CentOS6.9机器

 

1.查看机器默认的Python版本

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# python -V
Python 2.6.6
[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.6 /usr/lib/python2.6 /usr/lib64/python2.6 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/include/python2.6 /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz

 

2.安装gcc

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# yum install gcc -y

 

3.下载最新的Python2.7.x安装包，解压并进入指定目录

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.14/Python-2.7.14.tgz
[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# ll Python-2.7.14.tgz 
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 17176758 Sep 17 02:05 Python-2.7.14.tgz
[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# tar zxvf Python-2.7.14.tgz
[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# cd Python-2.7.14
[root@hlmcent69nma Python-2.7.14]# ll
total 1000
-rw-r--r--.  1 1000 1000  10914 Sep 17 01:38 aclocal.m4
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 1000 1000  44259 Sep 17 01:38 config.guess
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 1000 1000  36515 Sep 17 01:38 config.sub
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 1000 1000 442959 Sep 17 01:38 configure
-rw-r--r--.  1 1000 1000 141572 Sep 17 01:38 configure.ac
drwxr-xr-x. 22 1000 1000   4096 Sep 17 01:38 Demo
drwxr-xr-x. 18 1000 1000   4096 Sep 17 01:55 Doc
drwxr-xr-x.  2 1000 1000   4096 Sep 17 01:38 Grammar
drwxr-xr-x.  2 1000 1000   4096 Sep 17 01:38 Include
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 1000 1000   7122 Sep 17 01:38 install-sh
drwxr-xr-x. 47 1000 1000  12288 Sep 17 01:38 Lib
-rw-r--r--.  1 1000 1000  12757 Sep 17 01:38 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x. 11 1000 1000   4096 Sep 17 01:38 Mac
-rw-r--r--.  1 1000 1000  48553 Sep 17 01:38 Makefile.pre.in
drwxr-xr-x.  5 1000 1000   4096 Sep 17 01:38 Misc
drwxr-xr-x.  9 1000 1000   4096 Sep 17 01:38 Modules
drwxr-xr-x.  3 1000 1000   4096 Sep 17 01:38 Objects
drwxr-xr-x.  2 1000 1000   4096 Sep 17 01:38 Parser
drwxr-xr-x.  9 1000 1000   4096 Sep 17 01:38 PC
drwxr-xr-x.  2 1000 1000   4096 Sep 17 01:38 PCbuild
-rw-r--r--.  1 1000 1000  35170 Sep 17 01:38 pyconfig.h.in
drwxr-xr-x.  2 1000 1000   4096 Sep 17 01:38 Python
-rw-r--r--.  1 1000 1000  55670 Sep 17 01:38 README
drwxr-xr-x.  5 1000 1000   4096 Sep 17 01:38 RISCOS
-rw-r--r--.  1 1000 1000  99231 Sep 17 01:38 setup.py
drwxr-xr-x. 23 1000 1000   4096 Sep 17 01:38 Tools

 

4.配置，编译，编译安装

[root@hlmcent69nma Python-2.7.14]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python/python2.7
[root@hlmcent69nma Python-2.7.14]# make
[root@hlmcent69nma Python-2.7.14]# make install

备注：
执行 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python/python3 命令。./configure命令执行完毕以后建立一个文件creating Makefile，供下面的make命令使用 执行make install以后就会把程序安装到咱们指定的目录中去。Configure是一个可执行脚本，它有不少选项，在待安装的源码路径下使用命令./configure –help输出详细的选项列表。其中--prefix选项是配置安装的路径，若是不配置该选项，安装后可执行文件默认放在/usr /local/bin，库文件默认放在/usr/local/lib，配置文件默认放在/usr/local/etc，其它的资源文件放在/usr /local/share，比较凌乱。若是配置--prefix，如：./configure --prefix=/usr/local/test能够把全部资源文件放在/usr/local/test的路径中，不会杂乱。用了—prefix选项的另外一个好处是卸载软件或移植软件。当某个安装的软件再也不须要时，只须简单的删除该安装目录，就能够把软件卸载得干干净净；移植软件只需拷贝整个目录到另一个机器便可（相同的操做系统）。固然要卸载程序，也能够在原来的make目录下用一次make uninstall，但前提是make文件指定过uninstall。

 

5.查看系统的Python版本，仍是2.6.x

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# python -V
Python 2.6.6

 

6.查看新安装的Python版本，当前系统的Python版本，并将系统指向的Python从2.6.x修改成2.7.x，再次查看当前系统的Python版本，已经变动为2.7.x

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# /usr/local/python/python2.7/bin/python2.7 -V
Python 2.7.14
[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# /usr/bin/python -V
Python 2.6.6
[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak
[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# python -V
Python 2.7.14

 

7.可是发现yum命令没法使用了，因为yum是基于python2.6才能正常工做，需单独将yum指向python2.6版本

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# yum list
There was a problem importing one of the Python modules
required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was:
No module named yum
Please install a package which provides this module, or
verify that the module is installed correctly.
It's possible that the above module doesn't match the
current version of Python, which is:
2.7.14 (default, Nov 30 2017, 11:54:55) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)]
If you cannot solve this problem yourself, please go to 
the yum faq at:
http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Faq

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# vim /usr/bin/yum

 

参考连接：

https://www.cnblogs.com/perallina/p/5253329.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/lclq/archive/2016/06/27/5620196.html