Java 线程池记录

时间 2019-12-11

标签 java 线程记录栏目 Java 繁體版

原文原文链接

Java经过Executors提供四种线程池，分别为：
newCachedThreadPool建立一个可缓存线程池，若是线程池长度超过处理须要，可灵活回收空闲线程，若无可回收，则新建线程。
newFixedThreadPool 建立一个定长线程池，可控制线程最大并发数，超出的线程会在队列中等待。
newScheduledThreadPool 建立一个定长线程池，支持定时及周期性任务执行。
newSingleThreadExecutor 建立一个单线程化的线程池，它只会用惟一的工做线程来执行任务，保证全部任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。java

(1) newCachedThreadPool
建立一个可缓存线程池，若是线程池长度超过处理须要，可灵活回收空闲线程，若无可回收，则新建线程。示例代码以下：数据库

    package test;  
    import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
    public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
     public static void main(String[] args) {  
      ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();  
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  
       final int index = i;  
       try {  
        Thread.sleep(index * 1000);  
       } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
       cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {  
        public void run() {  
         System.out.println(index);  
        }  
       });  
      }  
     }  
    }

线程池为无限大，当执行第二个任务时第一个任务已经完成，会复用执行第一个任务的线程，而不用每次新建线程。缓存

(2) newFixedThreadPool并发

建立一个定长线程池，可控制线程最大并发数，超出的线程会在队列中等待。示例代码以下：ide

    package test;  
    import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
    public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
     public static void main(String[] args) {  
      ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);  
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  
       final int index = i;  
       fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {  
        public void run() {  
         try {  
          System.out.println(index);  
          Thread.sleep(2000);  
         } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
          e.printStackTrace();  
         }  
        }  
       });  
      }  
     }  
    }

由于线程池大小为3，每一个任务输出index后sleep 2秒，因此每两秒打印3个数字。
定长线程池的大小最好根据系统资源进行设置。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()spa

修改代码：线程

 package test;  
    import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
    public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
     public static void main(String[] args) {  
      ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());  
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  
           fixedThreadPool.execute(new ThreadTest(i));

        } 
    }
}

线程类：code

package test;

public class ThreadTest implements Runnable{
   public int index;
   public ThreadTest(int i){
    index=i;
    }
    @override
    public void run(){
     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"正在执行："+index);
     try{
          Thread.sleep(2000);   
      }catch (InterruptedException e){
        e.printStackTrace();
      }    
    }
}

(3) newScheduledThreadPool
建立一个定长线程池，支持定时及周期性任务执行。延迟执行示例代码以下：blog

    package test;  
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
    import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;  
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;  
    public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
     public static void main(String[] args) {  
      ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);  
      scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {  
       public void run() {  
        System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");  
       }  
      }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);  
     }  
    }

表示延迟3秒执行。队列

按期执行示例代码以下：

    package test;  
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
    import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;  
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;  
    public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
     public static void main(String[] args) {  
      ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);  
      scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {  
       public void run() {  
        System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");  
       }  
      }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);  
     }  
    }

(4) newSingleThreadExecutor
建立一个单线程化的线程池，它只会用惟一的工做线程来执行任务，保证全部任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。示例代码以下：

    package test;  
    import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
    public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
     public static void main(String[] args) {  
      ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();  
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  
       final int index = i;  
       singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {  
        public void run() {  
         try {  
          System.out.println(index);  
          Thread.sleep(2000);  
         } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
          e.printStackTrace();  
         }  
        }  
       });  
      }  
     }  
    }

结果依次输出，至关于顺序执行各个任务。

现行大多数GUI程序都是单线程的。Android中单线程可用于数据库操做，文件操做，应用批量安装，应用批量删除等不适合并发但可能IO阻塞性及影响UI线程响应的操做