javascript模拟各类数据结构

近期在学习数据结构的东西，基于ES6标准，写了一些自定义结构类

数据结构：Typescript版本

一、栈Stack

class Stack {
  constructor() {
    this.count = 0;
    this.items = {};
  }
  push(element) {
    this.items[this.count] = element;
    this.count++;
  }
  pop() {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      return undefined;
    }
    this.count--;
    const result = this.items[this.count];
    delete this.items[this.count];
    return result;
  }
  peek() {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      return undefined;
    }
    return this.items[this.count - 1];
  }
  isEmpty() {
    return this.count === 0;
  }
  size() {
    return this.count;
  }
  clear() {
    /* while (!this.isEmpty()) {
        this.pop();
      } */
    this.items = {};
    this.count = 0;
  }
  toString() {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      return '';
    }
    let objString = `${this.items[0]}`;
    for (let i = 1; i < this.count; i++) {
      objString = `${objString},${this.items[i]}`;
    }
    return objString;
  }
}

栈方法：

push(el or els): 添加元素，只添加到栈顶（能够是一个或多个）
pop: 移除元素，遵循栈原则，移除最后添加的元素，并返回溢出的元素
peek: 返回栈顶的元素
isEmpty: 栈是否为空
clear: 清空栈
size: 栈的元素个数
toString: 转换栈内容为字符串

实例

栈实现：字符串括号匹配

二、队列和双端队列

2.一、队列

场景：电脑打印文件，添加进入队列的文件按前后顺序打印

class Queue {
  constructor() {
    this.count = 0;
    this.lowestCount = 0;
    this.items = {};
  }

  enqueue(element) {
    this.items[this.count] = element;
    this.count++;
  }

  dequeue() {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      return undefined;
    }
    const result = this.items[this.lowestCount];
    delete this.items[this.lowestCount];
    this.lowestCount++;
    return result;
  }

  peek() {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      return undefined;
    }
    return this.items[this.lowestCount];
  }

  isEmpty() {
    return this.size() === 0;
  }

  clear() {
    this.items = {};
    this.count = 0;
    this.lowestCount = 0;
  }

  size() {
    return this.count - this.lowestCount;
  }

  toString() {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      return '';
    }
    let objString = `${this.items[this.lowestCount]}`;
    for (let i = this.lowestCount + 1; i < this.count; i++) {
      objString = `${objString},${this.items[i]}`;
    }
    return objString;
  }
}

队列方法：

enqueue(el or els): 添加元素到队列，只能向队列尾部添加（能够是一个或多个）
dequeue: 移除队列第一项，队列最早放入的数据，返回被移除的元素
peek: 返回第一个添加的元素
isEmpty: 队列是否为空
clear: 清空队列
size: 队列的元素个数
toString: 输出队列元素转换的字符串

2.二、双端队列

场景：电影院排队，一我的刚买了票，须要再询问一些简单信息，能够直接回到队伍头部；在队伍末尾的人若是不想看电影，能够直接离开队伍

class Deque {
  constructor() {
    this.count = 0;
    this.lowestCount = 0;
    this.items = {};
  }

  addFront(element) {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      this.addBack(element);
    } else if (this.lowestCount > 0) {
      this.lowestCount--;
      this.items[this.lowestCount] = element;
    } else {
      for (let i = this.count; i > 0; i--) {
        this.items[i] = this.items[i - 1];
      }
      this.count++;
      this.items[0] = element;
    }
  }

  addBack(element) {
    this.items[this.count] = element;
    this.count++;
  }

  removeFront() {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      return undefined;
    }
    const result = this.items[this.lowestCount];
    delete this.items[this.lowestCount];
    this.lowestCount++;
    return result;
  }

  removeBack() {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      return undefined;
    }
    this.count--;
    const result = this.items[this.count];
    delete this.items[this.count];
    return result;
  }

  peekFront() {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      return undefined;
    }
    return this.items[this.lowestCount];
  }

  peekBack() {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      return undefined;
    }
    return this.items[this.count - 1];
  }

  isEmpty() {
    return this.size() === 0;
  }

  clear() {
    this.items = {};
    this.count = 0;
    this.lowestCount = 0;
  }

  size() {
    return this.count - this.lowestCount;
  }

  toString() {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      return '';
    }
    let objString = `${this.items[this.lowestCount]}`;
    for (let i = this.lowestCount + 1; i < this.count; i++) {
      objString = `${objString},${this.items[i]}`;
    }
    return objString;
  }
}

双端队列方法

addFront(el): 在双端队列前端添加新元素
addBack(el): 在双端队列后端添加新元素
removeFront: 从双端队列前端移除第一个元素
removeBack: 从双端队列后端移除第一个元素
peekFront: 返回双端队列的前端第一个元素
peekBack: 返回双端队列的后端第一个元素
isEmpty: 双端队列是否为空
clear: 清空双端队列
size: 双端队列元素个数
toString: 转换为字符串输出

实例

循环队列：击鼓传花；双端队列：回文检查

javascript执行的任务队列

三、链表

3.一、单链表

场景：火车，每节车都是链表元素，车间的连接就是指针

// 链表元素节点
Node {
  constructor(element, next) {
    this.element = element;
    this.next = next;
  }
}
function defaultEquals(a, b) {
  return a === b;
}

LinkedList {
  constructor(equalsFn = defaultEquals) {
    this.equalsFn = equalsFn;
    this.count = 0;
    this.head = undefined;
  }
  push(element) {
    const node = new Node(element);
    let current;
    if (this.head == null) {
      // catches null && undefined
      this.head = node;
    } else {
      current = this.head;
      while (current.next != null) {
        current = current.next;
      }
      current.next = node;
    }
    this.count++;
  }
  getElementAt(index) {
    if (index >= 0 && index <= this.count) {
      let node = this.head;
      for (let i = 0; i < index && node != null; i++) {
        node = node.next;
      }
      return node;
    }
    return undefined;
  }
  insert(element, index) {
    if (index >= 0 && index <= this.count) {
      const node = new Node(element);
      if (index === 0) {
        const current = this.head;
        node.next = current;
        this.head = node;
      } else {
        const previous = this.getElementAt(index - 1);
        node.next = previous.next;
        previous.next = node;
      }
      this.count++;
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }
  removeAt(index) {
    if (index >= 0 && index < this.count) {
      let current = this.head;
      if (index === 0) {
        this.head = current.next;
      } else {
        const previous = this.getElementAt(index - 1);
        current = previous.next;
        previous.next = current.next;
      }
      this.count--;
      return current.element;
    }
    return undefined;
  }
  remove(element) {
    const index = this.indexOf(element);
    return this.removeAt(index);
  }
  indexOf(element) {
    let current = this.head;
    for (let i = 0; i < this.size() && current != null; i++) {
      if (this.equalsFn(element, current.element)) {
        return i;
      }
      current = current.next;
    }
    return -1;
  }
  isEmpty() {
    return this.size() === 0;
  }
  size() {
    return this.count;
  }
  getHead() {
    return this.head;
  }
  clear() {
    this.head = undefined;
    this.count = 0;
  }
  toString() {
    if (this.head == null) {
      return '';
    }
    let objString = `${this.head.element}`;
    let current = this.head.next;
    for (let i = 1; i < this.size() && current != null; i++) {
      objString = `${objString},${current.element}`;
      current = current.next;
    }
    return objString;
  }
}

链表方法

push(el): 向链表尾部添加元素
insert(el, position): 向链表特定位置添加元素
getElementAt(index): 返回链表特定位置元素，若是不存在，返回undefined
remove: 返回链表移除一个元素
indexOf: 返回元素在链表索引，不存在元素返回-1
removeAt(position): 从链表特定位置删除元素
isEmpty: 链表是否为空
size: 链表的元素个数
toString: 转换输出字符串

3.二、双链表

DoublyNode extends Node {
  constructor(element, next, prev) {
    super(element, next);
    this.prev = prev;
  }
}

DoublyLinkedList extends LinkedList {
  constructor(equalsFn = defaultEquals) {
    super(equalsFn);
    this.tail = undefined;
  }
  push(element) {
    const node = new DoublyNode(element);
    if (this.head == null) {
      this.head = node;
      this.tail = node; // NEW
    } else {
      // attach to the tail node // NEW
      this.tail.next = node;
      node.prev = this.tail;
      this.tail = node;
    }
    this.count++;
  }
  insert(element, index) {
    if (index >= 0 && index <= this.count) {
      const node = new DoublyNode(element);
      let current = this.head;
      if (index === 0) {
        if (this.head == null) { // NEW
          this.head = node;
          this.tail = node; // NEW
        } else {
          node.next = this.head;
          this.head.prev = node; // NEW
          this.head = node;
        }
      } else if (index === this.count) { // last item NEW
        current = this.tail;
        current.next = node;
        node.prev = current;
        this.tail = node;
      } else {
        const previous = this.getElementAt(index - 1);
        current = previous.next;
        node.next = current;
        previous.next = node;
        current.prev = node; // NEW
        node.prev = previous; // NEW
      }
      this.count++;
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }
  removeAt(index) {
    if (index >= 0 && index < this.count) {
      let current = this.head;
      if (index === 0) {
        this.head = this.head.next;
        // if there is only one item, then we update tail as well //NEW
        if (this.count === 1) {
          // {2}
          this.tail = undefined;
        } else {
          this.head.prev = undefined;
        }
      } else if (index === this.count - 1) {
        // last item //NEW
        current = this.tail;
        this.tail = current.prev;
        this.tail.next = undefined;
      } else {
        current = this.getElementAt(index);
        const previous = current.prev;
        // link previous with current's next - skip it to remove
        previous.next = current.next;
        current.next.prev = previous; // NEW
      }
      this.count--;
      return current.element;
    }
    return undefined;
  }
  indexOf(element) {
    let current = this.head;
    let index = 0;
    while (current != null) {
      if (this.equalsFn(element, current.element)) {
        return index;
      }
      index++;
      current = current.next;
    }
    return -1;
  }
  getHead() {
    return this.head;
  }
  getTail() {
    return this.tail;
  }
  clear() {
    super.clear();
    this.tail = undefined;
  }
  toString() {
    if (this.head == null) {
      return '';
    }
    let objString = `${this.head.element}`;
    let current = this.head.next;
    while (current != null) {
      objString = `${objString},${current.element}`;
      current = current.next;
    }
    return objString;
  }
  inverseToString() {
    if (this.tail == null) {
      return '';
    }
    let objString = `${this.tail.element}`;
    let previous = this.tail.prev;
    while (previous != null) {
      objString = `${objString},${previous.element}`;
      previous = previous.prev;
    }
    return objString;
  }
}

双链表方法

push(el): 向链表尾部添加元素
insert(el, position): 向链表特定位置添加元素
getElementAt(index): 返回链表特定位置元素，若是不存在，返回undefined
remove: 返回链表移除一个元素
indexOf: 返回元素在链表索引，不存在元素返回-1
removeAt(position): 从链表特定位置删除元素
isEmpty: 链表是否为空
size: 链表的元素个数
toString: 转换输出字符串
新增方法：
    getHead: 返回双链表第一个元素节点
    getTail: 返回双链表最后一个元素节点
    inverseToString: 返回双链表倒叙字符串

3.三、循环链表

CircularLinkedList extends LinkedList {
  constructor(equalsFn = defaultEquals) {
    super(equalsFn);
  }
  push(element) {
    const node = new Node(element);
    let current;
    if (this.head == null) {
      this.head = node;
    } else {
      current = this.getElementAt(this.size() - 1);
      current.next = node;
    }
    // set node.next to head - to have circular list
    node.next = this.head;
    this.count++;
  }
  insert(element, index) {
    if (index >= 0 && index <= this.count) {
      const node = new Node(element);
      let current = this.head;
      if (index === 0) {
        if (this.head == null) {
          // if no node  in list
          this.head = node;
          node.next = this.head;
        } else {
          node.next = current;
          current = this.getElementAt(this.size());
          // update last element
          this.head = node;
          current.next = this.head;
        }
      } else {
        const previous = this.getElementAt(index - 1);
        node.next = previous.next;
        previous.next = node;
      }
      this.count++;
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }
  removeAt(index) {
    if (index >= 0 && index < this.count) {
      let current = this.head;
      if (index === 0) {
        if (this.size() === 1) {
          this.head = undefined;
        } else {
          const removed = this.head;
          current = this.getElementAt(this.size() - 1);
          this.head = this.head.next;
          current.next = this.head;
          current = removed;
        }
      } else {
        // no need to update last element for circular list
        const previous = this.getElementAt(index - 1);
        current = previous.next;
        previous.next = current.next;
      }
      this.count--;
      return current.element;
    }
    return undefined;
  }
}

循环链表方法

push(el): 向链表尾部添加元素
insert(el, position): 向链表特定位置添加元素
removeAt(position): 从链表特定位置删除元素

3.四、有序链表

const Compare = {
  LESS_THAN: -1,
  BIGGER_THAN: 1,
  EQUALS: 0
};
function defaultCompare(a, b) {
  if (a === b) {
    return Compare.EQUALS;
  }
  return a < b ? Compare.LESS_THAN : Compare.BIGGER_THAN;
}

SortedLinkedList extends LinkedList {
  constructor(equalsFn = defaultEquals, compareFn = defaultCompare) {
    super(equalsFn);
    this.equalsFn = equalsFn;
    this.compareFn = compareFn;
  }
  push(element) {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      super.push(element);
    } else {
      const index = this.getIndexNextSortedElement(element);
      super.insert(element, index);
    }
  }
  insert(element, index = 0) {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      return super.insert(element, index === 0 ? index : 0);
    }
    const pos = this.getIndexNextSortedElement(element);
    return super.insert(element, pos);
  }
  getIndexNextSortedElement(element) {
    let current = this.head;
    let i = 0;
    for (; i < this.size() && current; i++) {
      const comp = this.compareFn(element, current.element);
      if (comp === Compare.LESS_THAN) {
        return i;
      }
      current = current.next;
    }
    return i;
  }
}

有序链表方法

push(el): 向链表尾部添加元素
insert(el, position): 向链表特定位置添加元素
getIndexNextSortedElement(el): 返回元素在有序链表的位置，实际位置index+1；若是不存在，返回最后一个元素位置

四、集合

场景：无序惟一

class Set {
  constructor() {
    this.items = {};
  }
  add(element) {
    if (!this.has(element)) {
      this.items[element] = element;
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }
  delete(element) {
    if (this.has(element)) {
      delete this.items[element];
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }
  has(element) {
    return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.items, element);
  }
  values() {
    return Object.values(this.items);
  }
  union(otherSet) {
    const unionSet = new Set();
    this.values().forEach(value => unionSet.add(value));
    otherSet.values().forEach(value => unionSet.add(value));
    return unionSet;
  }
  intersection(otherSet) {
    const intersectionSet = new Set();
    const values = this.values();
    const otherValues = otherSet.values();
    let biggerSet = values;
    let smallerSet = otherValues;
    if (otherValues.length - values.length > 0) {
      biggerSet = otherValues;
      smallerSet = values;
    }
    smallerSet.forEach(value => {
      if (biggerSet.includes(value)) {
        intersectionSet.add(value);
      }
    });
    return intersectionSet;
  }
  difference(otherSet) {
    const differenceSet = new Set();
    this.values().forEach(value => {
      if (!otherSet.has(value)) {
        differenceSet.add(value);
      }
    });
    return differenceSet;
  }
  isSubsetOf(otherSet) {
    if (this.size() > otherSet.size()) {
      return false;
    }
    let isSubset = true;
    this.values().every(value => {
      if (!otherSet.has(value)) {
        isSubset = false;
        return false;
      }
      return true;
    });
    return isSubset;
  }
  isEmpty() {
    return this.size() === 0;
  }
  size() {
    return Object.keys(this.items).length;
  }
  clear() {
    this.items = {};
  }
  toString() {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      return '';
    }
    const values = this.values();
    let objString = `${values[0]}`;
    for (let i = 1; i < values.length; i++) {
      objString = `${objString},${values[i].toString()}`;
    }
    return objString;
  }
}

集合的方法

add(el): 向集合添加一个新元素
delete(el): 从集合移除一个元素
has(el): 集合是否包含元素
clear: 清空集合
size: 集合元素个数
values: 返回包含集合全部值的数组
isEmpty: 集合是否为空
toString: 转换集合值为字符串
union(set): 并集
intersection(set): 交集
difference(set): 差集
isSubsetOf(set): 子集

扩展运算符求交集、并集、补集

并集：new Set([...setA, ...setB])
交集：new Set([...setA].filter(x => setB.has(x)))
补集：new Set([...setA].filter(x => !setBhas(x)))

五、字典和散列表

5.一、字典

class ValuePair {
  constructor(key, value) {
    this.key = key;
    this.value = value;
  }
  toString() {
    return `[#${this.key}: ${this.value}]`;
  }
}
function defaultToString(item) {
  if (item === null) {
    return 'NULL';
  } else if (item === undefined) {
    return 'UNDEFINED';
  } else if (typeof item === 'string' || item instanceof String) {
    return `${item}`;
  }
  return item.toString();
}

class Dictionary {
  constructor(toStrFn = defaultToString) {
    this.toStrFn = toStrFn;
    this.table = {};
  }
  set(key, value) {
    if (key != null && value != null) {
      const tableKey = this.toStrFn(key);
      this.table[tableKey] = new ValuePair(key, value);
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }
  get(key) {
    const valuePair = this.table[this.toStrFn(key)];
    return valuePair == null ? undefined : valuePair.value;
  }
  hasKey(key) {
    return this.table[this.toStrFn(key)] != null;
  }
  remove(key) {
    if (this.hasKey(key)) {
      delete this.table[this.toStrFn(key)];
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }
  values() {
    return this.keyValues().map(valuePair => valuePair.value);
  }
  keys() {
    return this.keyValues().map(valuePair => valuePair.key);
  }
  keyValues() {
    return Object.values(this.table);
  }
  forEach(callbackFn) {
    const valuePairs = this.keyValues();
    for (let i = 0; i < valuePairs.length; i++) {
      const result = callbackFn(valuePairs[i].key, valuePairs[i].value);
      if (result === false) {
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  isEmpty() {
    return this.size() === 0;
  }
  size() {
    return Object.keys(this.table).length;
  }
  clear() {
    this.table = {};
  }
  toString() {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      return '';
    }
    const valuePairs = this.keyValues();
    let objString = `${valuePairs[0].toString()}`;
    for (let i = 1; i < valuePairs.length; i++) {
      objString = `${objString},${valuePairs[i].toString()}`;
    }
    return objString;
  }
}

字典方法

set(key, value): 向字典添加新元素，若是key存在，value会覆盖当前已经存在的值
get(key): 获取当前key的value
remove(key): 使用key来删除对应字典内的键值对
hasKey(key): 是否在字典中存在当前key对应的键值对
clear: 清空字典
size: 返回字典的元素个数
isEmpty: 字典是否为空
toString: 转换字典键值对为字符串
keys: 字典全部键名，输出为数组
values: 字典全部键值对的值，输出为数组
keyValues: 字典全部的[键, 值]对
forEach(cb): 迭代字典全部元素，cb是回调函数，有两个参数：key和value。在回调函数返回false停止循环

5.二、散列表

场景：数据库建索引；javascript内部使用散列表来表示每一个对象

class ValuePair {
  constructor(key, value) {
    this.key = key;
    this.value = value;
  }
  toString() {
    return `[#${this.key}: ${this.value}]`;
  }
}
function defaultToString(item) {
  if (item === null) {
    return 'NULL';
  } else if (item === undefined) {
    return 'UNDEFINED';
  } else if (typeof item === 'string' || item instanceof String) {
    return `${item}`;
  }
  return item.toString();
}

class HashTable {
  constructor(toStrFn = defaultToString) {
    this.toStrFn = toStrFn;
    this.table = {};
  }
  // 建立散列表值
  djb2HashCode(key) {
    const tableKey = this.toStrFn(key);
    let hash = 5381;
    for (let i = 0; i < tableKey.length; i++) {
      hash = (hash * 33) + tableKey.charCodeAt(i);
    }
    return hash % 1013;
  }
  hashCode(key) {
    return this.djb2HashCode(key);
  }
  put(key, value) {
    if (key != null && value != null) {
      const position = this.hashCode(key);
      this.table[position] = new ValuePair(key, value);
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }
  get(key) {
    const valuePair = this.table[this.hashCode(key)];
    return valuePair == null ? undefined : valuePair.value;
  }
  remove(key) {
    const hash = this.hashCode(key);
    const valuePair = this.table[hash];
    if (valuePair != null) {
      delete this.table[hash];
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }
  getTable() {
    return this.table;
  }
  isEmpty() {
    return this.size() === 0;
  }
  size() {
    return Object.keys(this.table).length;
  }
  clear() {
    this.table = {};
  }
  toString() {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      return '';
    }
    const keys = Object.keys(this.table);
    let objString = `{${keys[0]} => ${this.table[keys[0]].toString()}}`;
    for (let i = 1; i < keys.length; i++) {
      objString = `${objString},{${keys[i]} => ${this.table[keys[i]].toString()}}`;
    }
    return objString;
  }
}

散列表方法

put(key, value): 向散列表增长元素
remove(key): 键值在散列表中移除值
get(key): 键值检索特定的值
loseloseHashCode(key)： 散列函数
hashCode(key): 返回键名对应的键值对数据
getTable: 返回散列表
isEmpty: 散列表是否为空
size: 散列表元素个数
clear: 清空散列表
toString: 转换键值对为字符串

5.三、分离连接散列表

通常散列表对于重复的生成散列值会覆盖数据，也就是返回的是相同散列值最后添加那个元素。分离连接在每一个散列值位置建立一个链表来储存元素，不会覆盖

class ValuePair {
  constructor(key, value) {
    this.key = key;
    this.value = value;
  }
  toString() {
    return `[#${this.key}: ${this.value}]`;
  }
}
function defaultToString(item) {
  if (item === null) {
    return 'NULL';
  } else if (item === undefined) {
    return 'UNDEFINED';
  } else if (typeof item === 'string' || item instanceof String) {
    return `${item}`;
  }
  return item.toString();
}

class HashTableSeparateChaining {
  constructor(toStrFn = defaultToString) {
    this.toStrFn = toStrFn;
    this.table = {};
  }
  // 建立散列表值
  djb2HashCode(key) {
    const tableKey = this.toStrFn(key);
    let hash = 5381;
    for (let i = 0; i < tableKey.length; i++) {
      hash = (hash * 33) + tableKey.charCodeAt(i);
    }
    return hash % 1013;
  }
  hashCode(key) {
    return this.djb2HashCode(key);
  }
  put(key, value) {
    if (key != null && value != null) {
      const position = this.hashCode(key);
      if (this.table[position] == null) {
        // 单向链表
        this.table[position] = new LinkedList();
      }
      this.table[position].push(new ValuePair(key, value));
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }
  get(key) {
    const position = this.hashCode(key);
    const linkedList = this.table[position];
    if (linkedList != null && !linkedList.isEmpty()) {
      let current = linkedList.getHead();
      while (current != null) {
        if (current.element.key === key) {
          return current.element.value;
        }
        current = current.next;
      }
    }
    return undefined;
  }
  remove(key) {
    const position = this.hashCode(key);
    const linkedList = this.table[position];
    if (linkedList != null && !linkedList.isEmpty()) {
      let current = linkedList.getHead();
      while (current != null) {
        if (current.element.key === key) {
          linkedList.remove(current.element);
          if (linkedList.isEmpty()) {
            delete this.table[position];
          }
          return true;
        }
        current = current.next;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }
  isEmpty() {
    return this.size() === 0;
  }
  size() {
    let count = 0;
    Object.values(this.table).forEach(linkedList => {
      count += linkedList.size();
    });
    return count;
  }
  clear() {
    this.table = {};
  }
  getTable() {
    return this.table;
  }
  toString() {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      return '';
    }
    const keys = Object.keys(this.table);
    let objString = `{${keys[0]} => ${this.table[keys[0]].toString()}}`;
    for (let i = 1; i < keys.length; i++) {
      objString = `${objString},{${keys[i]} => ${this.table[
        keys[i]
      ].toString()}}`;
    }
    return objString;
  }
}

分离连接散列表方法

方法使用同通常散列表方法，重写了put、get、remove方法

5.四、线性探测

也是为了处理通常散列表覆盖值的问题，线性是由于不建立额外的数据结构，直接储存在表中

class HashTableLinearProbing {
  constructor(toStrFn = defaultToString) {
    this.toStrFn = toStrFn;
    this.table = {};
  }
  // 建立散列表值
  djb2HashCode(key) {
    const tableKey = this.toStrFn(key);
    let hash = 5381;
    for (let i = 0; i < tableKey.length; i++) {
      hash = (hash * 33) + tableKey.charCodeAt(i);
    }
    return hash % 1013;
  }
  hashCode(key) {
    return this.djb2HashCode(key);
  }
  put(key, value) {
    if (key != null && value != null) {
      const position = this.hashCode(key);
      if (this.table[position] == null) {
        this.table[position] = new ValuePair(key, value);
      } else {
        let index = position + 1;
        while (this.table[index] != null) {
          index++;
        }
        this.table[index] = new ValuePair(key, value);
      }
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }
  get(key) {
    const position = this.hashCode(key);
    if (this.table[position] != null) {
      if (this.table[position].key === key) {
        return this.table[position].value;
      }
      let index = position + 1;
      while (this.table[index] != null && this.table[index].key !== key) {
        index++;
      }
      if (this.table[index] != null && this.table[index].key === key) {
        return this.table[position].value;
      }
    }
    return undefined;
  }
  remove(key) {
    const position = this.hashCode(key);
    if (this.table[position] != null) {
      if (this.table[position].key === key) {
        delete this.table[position];
        this.verifyRemoveSideEffect(key, position);
        return true;
      }
      let index = position + 1;
      while (this.table[index] != null && this.table[index].key !== key) {
        index++;
      }
      if (this.table[index] != null && this.table[index].key === key) {
        delete this.table[index];
        this.verifyRemoveSideEffect(key, index);
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }
  verifyRemoveSideEffect(key, removedPosition) {
    const hash = this.hashCode(key);
    let index = removedPosition + 1;
    while (this.table[index] != null) {
      const posHash = this.hashCode(this.table[index].key);
      if (posHash <= hash || posHash <= removedPosition) {
        this.table[removedPosition] = this.table[index];
        delete this.table[index];
        removedPosition = index;
      }
      index++;
    }
  }
  isEmpty() {
    return this.size() === 0;
  }
  size() {
    return Object.keys(this.table).length;
  }
  clear() {
    this.table = {};
  }
  getTable() {
    return this.table;
  }
  toString() {
    if (this.isEmpty()) {
      return '';
    }
    const keys = Object.keys(this.table);
    let objString = `{${keys[0]} => ${this.table[keys[0]].toString()}}`;
    for (let i = 1; i < keys.length; i++) {
      objString = `${objString},{${keys[i]} => ${this.table[
        keys[i]
      ].toString()}}`;
    }
    return objString;
  }
}

线性探测散列表方法

使用方法同通常散列表方法

5.五、ES6实现的Map类与字典对比

原生Map使用方式：

const map = new Map();

map.set('whh', 'whh@163.com');
map.set('lsd', 'lsd@163.com');
map.set('lbb', 'lbb@163.com');

console.log(map.has('whh')); // true
console.log(map.size); // 3
console.log(map.keys()); // {"whh", "lsd", "lbb"}
console.log(map.values()); // {"whh@163.com", "lsd@163.com", "lbb@163.com"}
console.log(map.get('lsd')); // "lsd@163.com"

Map类的values和keys方法返回的是Iterator，不是键值对构成的数组。size是属性，不是方法，删除元素用delete(key)

5.六、ES6中的WeakMap和WeakSet

这两个类是Map和Set的弱化版本：

一、这两个类没有entries、keys和values等方法；
二、只能用对象做为键；
三、建立这两个类主要是为了性能，没有强引用键，使得js的垃圾回收能够直接清除入口；
四、没有entries、keys和values等方法，实例不知道原始类内部状况，能够用来封装类的私有属性

六、递归

一种特殊的操做树和图结构的方法，递归迭代
递归引发的栈溢出问题
递归引发的重复计算问题

七、树

非顺序数据结构，父级节点下能够有多个或者零个子节点

7.一、二叉树

父级节点下最多两个子节点

class Node {
    constructor(key) {
        this.key = key;
        this.left = null;
        this.right = null;
    }
}
function defaultCompare(a, b) {
  if (a === b) {
    return Compare.EQUALS;
  }
  return a < b ? Compare.LESS_THAN : Compare.BIGGER_THAN;
}

const Compare = {
  LESS_THAN: -1,
  BIGGER_THAN: 1,
  EQUALS: 0
};
class BinarySearchTree {
  constructor(compareFn = defaultCompare) {
    this.compareFn = compareFn;
    this.root = undefined;
  }
  insert(key) {
    // special case: first key
    if (this.root == null) {
      this.root = new Node(key);
    } else {
      this.insertNode(this.root, key);
    }
  }
  insertNode(node, key) {
    if (this.compareFn(key, node.key) === Compare.LESS_THAN) {
      if (node.left == null) {
        node.left = new Node(key);
      } else {
        this.insertNode(node.left, key);
      }
    } else if (node.right == null) {
      node.right = new Node(key);
    } else {
      this.insertNode(node.right, key);
    }
  }
  getRoot() {
    return this.root;
  }
  search(key) {
    return this.searchNode(this.root, key);
  }
  searchNode(node, key) {
    if (node == null) {
      return false;
    }
    if (this.compareFn(key, node.key) === Compare.LESS_THAN) {
      return this.searchNode(node.left, key);
    } else if (this.compareFn(key, node.key) === Compare.BIGGER_THAN) {
      return this.searchNode(node.right, key);
    }
    return true;
  }
  inOrderTraverse(callback) {
    this.inOrderTraverseNode(this.root, callback);
  }
  inOrderTraverseNode(node, callback) {
    if (node != null) {
      this.inOrderTraverseNode(node.left, callback);
      callback(node.key);
      this.inOrderTraverseNode(node.right, callback);
    }
  }
  preOrderTraverse(callback) {
    this.preOrderTraverseNode(this.root, callback);
  }
  preOrderTraverseNode(node, callback) {
    if (node != null) {
      callback(node.key);
      this.preOrderTraverseNode(node.left, callback);
      this.preOrderTraverseNode(node.right, callback);
    }
  }
  postOrderTraverse(callback) {
    this.postOrderTraverseNode(this.root, callback);
  }
  postOrderTraverseNode(node, callback) {
    if (node != null) {
      this.postOrderTraverseNode(node.left, callback);
      this.postOrderTraverseNode(node.right, callback);
      callback(node.key);
    }
  }
  min() {
    return this.minNode(this.root);
  }
  minNode(node) {
    let current = node;
    while (current != null && current.left != null) {
      current = current.left;
    }
    return current;
  }
  max() {
    return this.maxNode(this.root);
  }
  maxNode(node) {
    let current = node;
    while (current != null && current.right != null) {
      current = current.right;
    }
    return current;
  }
  remove(key) {
    this.root = this.removeNode(this.root, key);
  }
  removeNode(node, key) {
    if (node == null) {
      return undefined;
    }
    if (this.compareFn(key, node.key) === Compare.LESS_THAN) {
      node.left = this.removeNode(node.left, key);
      return node;
    } else if (this.compareFn(key, node.key) === Compare.BIGGER_THAN) {
      node.right = this.removeNode(node.right, key);
      return node;
    }
    // key is equal to node.item
    // handle 3 special conditions
    // 1 - a leaf node
    // 2 - a node with only 1 child
    // 3 - a node with 2 children
    // case 1
    if (node.left == null && node.right == null) {
      node = undefined;
      return node;
    }
    // case 2
    if (node.left == null) {
      node = node.right;
      return node;
    } else if (node.right == null) {
      node = node.left;
      return node;
    }
    // case 3
    const aux = this.minNode(node.right);
    node.key = aux.key;
    node.right = this.removeNode(node.right, aux.key);
    return node;
  }
}

二叉树方法

insert(key):插入新的键
getRoot:返回根节点
search(key):查找键，返回true和false
inOrderTraverse:中序遍历节点
perOrderTraverse:先序遍历节点
postOrderTraverse:后序遍历节点
min:树中最小的键
max:树中最大的键
remove(key):删除键