RabbitMQ
是一个开源的AMQP
实现,服务器端用Erlang语言编写,支持多种客户端,如:Python、Ruby、.NET、Java、JMS、C、PHP、ActionScript、XMPP、STOMP
等,支持AJAX。用于在分布式系统中存储转发消息,在易用性、扩展性、高可用性等方面表现不俗。java
AMQP
,即Advanced message Queuing
Protocol
,高级消息队列协议,是应用层协议的一个开放标准,为面向消息的中间件设计。消息中间件主要用于组件之间的解耦,消息的发送者无需知道消息使用者的存在,反之亦然。git
AMQP
的主要特征是面向消息、队列、路由(包括点对点和发布/订阅)、可靠性、安全。github
RabbitMQ是一个开源的AMQP实现,服务器端用Erlang语言编写,支持多种客户端,如:Python、Ruby、.NET、Java、JMS、C、PHP、ActionScript、XMPP、STOMP
等,支持AJAX
。用于在分布式系统中存储转发消息,在易用性、扩展性、高可用性等方面表现不俗。spring
一般咱们谈到队列服务, 会有三个概念: 发消息者、队列、收消息者,RabbitMQ
在这个基本概念之上, 多作了一层抽象, 在发消息者和 队列之间, 加入了交换器 (Exchange
). 这样发消息者和队列就没有直接联系, 转而变成发消息者把消息给交换器, 交换器根据调度策略再把消息再给队列。segmentfault
任选其一安全
CentOs7.3 搭建 RabbitMQ 3.6 单机服务与使用服务器
CentOs7.3 搭建 RabbitMQ 3.6 Cluster 集群服务与使用app
代码我已放到 Github ,导入spring-boot-rabbitmq
项目 分布式
github https://github.com/souyunku/spring-boot-examples/tree/master/spring-boot-rabbitmqspring-boot
在项目中添加 spring-boot-starter-amqp
依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency>
spring.application.name=ymq-rabbitmq-spring-boot spring.rabbitmq.host=10.4.98.15 spring.rabbitmq.port=5672 spring.rabbitmq.username=admin spring.rabbitmq.password=admin
1.Direct Exchange 根据route key 直接找到队列
2.Topic Exchange 根据route key 匹配队列
3.Topic Exchange 不处理route key 全网发送,全部绑定的队列都发送
Direct Exchange
是RabbitMQ
默认的交换机模式,也是最简单的模式,根据key
全文匹配去寻找队列。
任何发送到Direct Exchange
的消息都会被转发到RouteKey
中指定的Queue
。
1.通常状况可使用rabbitMQ
自带的Exchange:""
(该Exchange
的名字为空字符串,下文称其为default Exchange
)。
2.这种模式下不须要将Exchange
进行任何绑定(binding
)操做
3.消息传递时须要一个RouteKey
,能够简单的理解为要发送到的队列名字。
4.若是vhost
中不存在RouteKey
中指定的队列名,则该消息会被抛弃。
@Configuration public class RabbitDirectConfig { @Bean public Queue helloQueue() { return new Queue("hello"); } @Bean public Queue directQueue() { return new Queue("direct"); } //-------------------配置默认的交换机模式,能够不须要配置如下----------------------------------- @Bean DirectExchange directExchange() { return new DirectExchange("directExchange"); } //绑定一个key "direct",当消息匹配到就会放到这个队列中 @Bean Binding bindingExchangeDirectQueue(Queue directQueue, DirectExchange directExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue).to(directExchange).with("direct"); } // 推荐使用 helloQueue() 方法写法,这种方式在 Direct Exchange 模式 画蛇添足,不必这样写 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- }
@Component @RabbitListener(queues = "hello") public class helloReceiver { @RabbitHandler public void process(String message) { System.out.println("接收者 helloReceiver," + message); } }
@Component @RabbitListener(queues = "direct") public class DirectReceiver { @RabbitHandler public void process(String message) { System.out.println("接收者 DirectReceiver," + message); } }
package io.ymq.rabbitmq.test; import io.ymq.rabbitmq.run.Startup; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; /** * 描述: 默认的交换机模式 * * @author: yanpenglei * @create: 2017/10/25 1:03 */ @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = Startup.class) public class RabbitDirectTest { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate; @Test public void sendHelloTest() { String context = "此消息在,默认的交换机模式队列下,有 helloReceiver 能够收到"; String routeKey = "hello"; context = "routeKey:" + routeKey + ",context:" + context; System.out.println("sendHelloTest : " + context); this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(routeKey, context); } @Test public void sendDirectTest() { String context = "此消息在,默认的交换机模式队列下,有 DirectReceiver 能够收到"; String routeKey = "direct"; String exchange = "directExchange"; context = "context:" + exchange + ",routeKey:" + routeKey + ",context:" + context; System.out.println("sendDirectTest : " + context); // 推荐使用 sendHello() 方法写法,这种方式在 Direct Exchange 画蛇添足,不必这样写 this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routeKey, context); } }
按顺序执行:响应
接收者 helloReceiver,routeKey:hello,context:此消息在,默认的交换机模式队列下,有 helloReceiver 能够收到 接收者 DirectReceiver,context:directExchange,routeKey:direct,context:此消息在,默认的交换机模式队列下,有 DirectReceiver 能够收到
任何发送到Fanout Exchange
的消息都会被转发到与该Exchange
绑定(Binding)
的全部Queue上
。
1.能够理解为路由表的模式
2.这种模式不须要 RouteKey
3.这种模式须要提早将Exchange
与Queue
进行绑定,一个Exchange
能够绑定多个Queue
,一个Queue
能够同多个Exchange
进行绑定。
4.若是接受到消息的Exchange
没有与任何Queue
绑定,则消息会被抛弃。
@Configuration public class RabbitFanoutConfig { final static String PENGLEI = "fanout.penglei.net"; final static String SOUYUNKU = "fanout.souyunku.com"; @Bean public Queue queuePenglei() { return new Queue(RabbitFanoutConfig.PENGLEI); } @Bean public Queue queueSouyunku() { return new Queue(RabbitFanoutConfig.SOUYUNKU); } /** * 任何发送到Fanout Exchange的消息都会被转发到与该Exchange绑定(Binding)的全部队列上。 */ @Bean FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() { return new FanoutExchange("fanoutExchange"); } @Bean Binding bindingExchangeQueuePenglei(Queue queuePenglei, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(queuePenglei).to(fanoutExchange); } @Bean Binding bindingExchangeQueueSouyunku(Queue queueSouyunku, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(queueSouyunku).to(fanoutExchange); } }
@Component @RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.penglei.net") public class FanoutReceiver1 { @RabbitHandler public void process(String message) { System.out.println("接收者 FanoutReceiver1," + message); } }
@Component @RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.souyunku.com") public class FanoutReceiver2 { @RabbitHandler public void process(String message) { System.out.println("接收者 FanoutReceiver2," + message); } }
package io.ymq.rabbitmq.test; import io.ymq.rabbitmq.run.Startup; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; /** * 描述: 广播模式或者订阅模式队列 * * @author: yanpenglei * @create: 2017/10/25 1:08 */ @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = Startup.class) public class RabbitFanoutTest { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate; @Test public void sendPengleiTest() { String context = "此消息在,广播模式或者订阅模式队列下,有 FanoutReceiver1 FanoutReceiver2 能够收到"; String routeKey = "topic.penglei.net"; String exchange = "fanoutExchange"; System.out.println("sendPengleiTest : " + context); context = "context:" + exchange + ",routeKey:" + routeKey + ",context:" + context; this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routeKey, context); } @Test public void sendSouyunkuTest() { String context = "此消息在,广播模式或者订阅模式队列下,有 FanoutReceiver1 FanoutReceiver2 能够收到"; String routeKey = "topic.souyunku.com"; String exchange = "fanoutExchange"; context = "context:" + exchange + ",routeKey:" + routeKey + ",context:" + context; System.out.println("sendSouyunkuTest : " + context); this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routeKey, context); } }
按顺序执行:响应
接收者 FanoutReceiver1,context:fanoutExchange,routeKey:topic.penglei.net,context:此消息在,广播模式或者订阅模式队列下,有 FanoutReceiver1 FanoutReceiver2 能够收到 接收者 FanoutReceiver2,context:fanoutExchange,routeKey:topic.penglei.net,context:此消息在,广播模式或者订阅模式队列下,有 FanoutReceiver1 FanoutReceiver2 能够收到 接收者 FanoutReceiver2,context:fanoutExchange,routeKey:topic.souyunku.com,context:此消息在,广播模式或者订阅模式队列下,有 FanoutReceiver1 FanoutReceiver2 能够收到 接收者 FanoutReceiver1,context:fanoutExchange,routeKey:topic.souyunku.com,context:此消息在,广播模式或者订阅模式队列下,有 FanoutReceiver1 FanoutReceiver2 能够收到
任何发送到Topic Exchange
的消息都会被转发到全部关心RouteKey
中指定话题的Queue
上
1.这种模式较为复杂,简单来讲,就是每一个队列都有其关心的主题,全部的消息都带有一个标题
`(RouteKey),
Exchange会将消息转发到全部关注主题能与
RouteKey`模糊匹配的队列。
2.这种模式须要RouteKey
,也许要提早绑定Exchange
与Queue
。
3.在进行绑定时,要提供一个该队列关心的主题,如#.log.#
表示该队列关心全部涉及log的消息(一个RouteKey为MQ.log.error
的消息会被转发到该队列)。
4.#
表示0个或若干个关键字,*
表示一个关键字。如topic.*
能与topic.warn
匹配,没法与topic.warn.timeout
匹配;可是topic.#
能与上述二者匹配。
5.一样,若是Exchange
没有发现可以与RouteKey
匹配的Queue
,则会抛弃此消息。
@Configuration public class RabbitTopicConfig { final static String MESSAGE = "topic.message"; final static String MESSAGES = "topic.message.s"; final static String YMQ = "topic.ymq"; @Bean public Queue queueMessage() { return new Queue(RabbitTopicConfig.MESSAGE); } @Bean public Queue queueMessages() { return new Queue(RabbitTopicConfig.MESSAGES); } @Bean public Queue queueYmq() { return new Queue(RabbitTopicConfig.YMQ); } /** * 交换机(Exchange) 描述:接收消息而且转发到绑定的队列,交换机不存储消息 */ @Bean TopicExchange topicExchange() { return new TopicExchange("topicExchange"); } //綁定队列 queueMessages() 到 topicExchange 交换机,路由键只接受彻底匹配 topic.message 的队列接受者能够收到消息 @Bean Binding bindingExchangeMessage(Queue queueMessage, TopicExchange topicExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessage).to(topicExchange).with("topic.message"); } //綁定队列 queueMessages() 到 topicExchange 交换机,路由键只要是以 topic.message 开头的队列接受者能够收到消息 @Bean Binding bindingExchangeMessages(Queue queueMessages, TopicExchange topicExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessages).to(topicExchange).with("topic.message.#"); } //綁定队列 queueYmq() 到 topicExchange 交换机,路由键只要是以 topic 开头的队列接受者能够收到消息 @Bean Binding bindingExchangeYmq(Queue queueYmq, TopicExchange topicExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(queueYmq).to(topicExchange).with("topic.#"); } }
@Component @RabbitListener(queues = "topic.message") public class TopicReceiver1 { @RabbitHandler public void process(String message) { System.out.println("接收者 TopicReceiver1," + message); } }
@Component @RabbitListener(queues = "topic.message.s") public class TopicReceiver2 { @RabbitHandler public void process(String message) { System.out.println("接收者 TopicReceiver2," + message); } }
@Component @RabbitListener(queues = "topic.ymq") public class TopicReceiver3 { @RabbitHandler public void process(String message) { System.out.println("接收者 TopicReceiver3," + message); } }
package io.ymq.rabbitmq.test; import io.ymq.rabbitmq.run.Startup; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; /** * 描述: 配置转发消息模式队列 * * @author: yanpenglei * @create: 2017/10/25 1:20 */ @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = Startup.class) public class RabbitTopicTest { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate; @Test public void sendMessageTest() { String context = "此消息在,配置转发消息模式队列下, 有 TopicReceiver1 TopicReceiver2 TopicReceiver3 能够收到"; String routeKey = "topic.message"; String exchange = "topicExchange"; context = "context:" + exchange + ",routeKey:" + routeKey + ",context:" + context; System.out.println("sendMessageTest : " + context); this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routeKey, context); } @Test public void sendMessagesTest() { String context = "此消息在,配置转发消息模式队列下,有 TopicReceiver2 TopicReceiver3 能够收到"; String routeKey = "topic.message.s"; String exchange = "topicExchange"; context = "context:" + exchange + ",routeKey:" + routeKey + ",context:" + context; System.out.println("sendMessagesTest : " + context); this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routeKey, context); } @Test public void sendYmqTest() { String context = "此消息在,配置转发消息模式队列下,有 TopicReceiver3 能够收到"; String routeKey = "topic.ymq"; String exchange = "topicExchange"; context = "context:" + exchange + ",routeKey:" + routeKey + ",context:" + context; System.out.println("sendYmqTest : " + context); this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routeKey, context); } }
按顺序执行:响应
接收者 TopicReceiver2,context:topicExchange,routeKey:topic.message,context:此消息在,配置转发消息模式队列下, 有 TopicReceiver1 TopicReceiver2 TopicReceiver3 能够收到 接收者 TopicReceiver1,context:topicExchange,routeKey:topic.message,context:此消息在,配置转发消息模式队列下, 有 TopicReceiver1 TopicReceiver2 TopicReceiver3 能够收到 接收者 TopicReceiver3,context:topicExchange,routeKey:topic.message,context:此消息在,配置转发消息模式队列下, 有 TopicReceiver1 TopicReceiver2 TopicReceiver3 能够收到 接收者 TopicReceiver3,context:topicExchange,routeKey:topic.message.s,context:此消息在,配置转发消息模式队列下,有 TopicReceiver2 TopicReceiver3 能够收到 接收者 TopicReceiver2,context:topicExchange,routeKey:topic.message.s,context:此消息在,配置转发消息模式队列下,有 TopicReceiver2 TopicReceiver3 能够收到 接收者 TopicReceiver3,context:topicExchange,routeKey:topic.ymq,context:此消息在,配置转发消息模式队列下,有 TopicReceiver3 能够收到
代码我已放到 Github ,导入spring-boot-rabbitmq
项目
github https://github.com/souyunku/spring-boot-examples/tree/master/spring-boot-rabbitmq