Gson是一个将Java对象转为JSON表示的开源类库,由Google提供,而且也能够讲JSON字符串转为对应的Java对象。虽然有一些其余的开源项目也支持将Java对象转为JSON,但是有些须要把Java注解加到你的代码中,但是若是你不阅读源代码你是不清楚的,并且有些也不是彻底支持泛型的。而GSON在设计的时候把这两点都考虑在内了。GSON的目的就是:java
提供简单的toJson()和fromJson()方法将Java对象转为JSON, 反之亦然apache
容许已存在的没法改变的类转换成JSON或者是从JSON转为json
大量的支持了Java泛型api
容许为对象定制表示方式数组
支持任意复杂的对象maven
最新版本是2.3,这个相应的jar包能够从maven中央仓库获取,下载连接(http://search.maven.org/remotecontent?filepath=com/google/code/gson/gson/2.3/gson-2.3.jar),不过若是不是经过直接添加jar包的方式获取的话能够经过maven或者是gradle,若是是经过maven,须要在pom.xml文件中加上环境配置ide
<dependency> <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId> <artifactId>gson</artifactId> <version>2.3</version> </dependency>
若是是经过gradle那么只须要配置gradle
'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.3'
Google json提供了两种方式来实现,第一种就是用 com.google.gson.Gson类,建立一个这个类的实例而后经过使用方法fromJson(String json, Class<T> classOfT),classOfT 是JSON将要转为的java对象。第二种方式就是使用 com.google.gson.GsonBuilder 类,这个类容许设置一些特定的功能好比容许空序列化,建立一个GsonBuilder,而后设置完经过builder操做Gson类。 ui
咱们先来看下简单的GSON使用方法,操做的对象实体是Albums.javathis
public class Albums { private String title; private String message; private String[] errors = new String[]{}; private String total; private int total_pages; private int page; private String limit; public String getTitle() { return title; } public void setTitle(String title) { this.title = title; } public String getMessage() { return message; } public void setMessage(String message) { this.message = message; } public String[] getErrors() { return errors; } public void setErrors(String[] errors) { this.errors = errors; } public String getTotal() { return total; } public void setTotal(String total) { this.total = total; } public int getTotal_pages() { return total_pages; } public void setTotal_pages(int total_pages) { this.total_pages = total_pages; } public int getPage() { return page; } public void setPage(int page) { this.page = page; } public String getLimit() { return limit; } public void setLimit(String limit) { this.limit = limit; } }
(须要注意的是errors在为实例化的时候已经赋值了为空值,这个后面有用
经过GSON操做JavaToJsonAndBack.java
import com.google.gson.Gson; import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder; public class JavaToJsonAndBack { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { GsonBuilder builder = new GsonBuilder(); Gson gson = builder.create(); // TODO Auto-generated method stub Albums albums = new Albums(); albums.setTitle("Free Music Archive - Albums"); albums.setMessage(""); albums.setTitle("11259"); albums.setTotal_pages(2252); albums.setPage(1); albums.setLimit("5"); System.out.println("Albums"); System.out.println(gson.toJson(albums)); } }
Albums {"title":"11259","message":"","errors":[],"total_pages":2252,"page":1,"limit":"5"}
咱们注意到的是errors属性打印出来为空可是出现了,如今咱们作个小小的改动就是将pojo中Albums中的errors初始化值删掉而后再次运行main方法看打印出来的结果是什么
private String[] errors; Albums {"title":"11259","message":"","total_pages":2252,"page":1,"limit":"5"}
咱们却发现没有errors这个属性了这个是为何呢,这个是由于咱们在实例化的时候没有给errors赋初值,因此未能实现序列化因此没有值,那么咱们有什么办法能够讲errors这个属性即便是空值也可以打印出来呢,方法是有的那就是经过GsonBuilder
来定制,咱们设置即便为空也是序列化的.咱们将JavaToJsonAndBack.java作个简单修改
import com.google.gson.Gson; import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder; public class JavaToJsonAndBack { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { GsonBuilder builder = new GsonBuilder().serializeNulls(); Gson gson = builder.create(); // TODO Auto-generated method stub Albums albums = new Albums(); albums.setTitle("Free Music Archive - Albums"); albums.setMessage(""); albums.setTitle("11259"); albums.setTotal_pages(2252); albums.setPage(1); albums.setLimit("5"); System.out.println("Albums"); System.out.println(gson.toJson(albums)); } }
打印出来的结果是
Albums {"title":"11259","message":"","errors":null,"total":null,"total_pages":2252,"page":1,"limit":"5"}
可见errors属性出来了,打出来为空
这个还能够经过注解的方式实现@SerializedName
(
""
),还能够经过制定NamingStrategy
builder.setFieldNamingStrategy(new FieldNamingStrategy() { @Override public String translateName(Field f) { if (f.getName().equals("albumId")) return "album_id"; else return f.getName(); } });
b):标记解析
经过a咱们知道了若是将一个Java对象转为JSON的两种方式,下面介绍下如何解析JSON已经处理特殊的符号,尽管经过JSON构建Java对象看起来是一个很难完成的,可是若是你须要较高级别的去控制这个转化过程的话,它仍是很强大的并且是个不错的选择。这个是具备咱们经过JsonReader去读取JSON流,下面是一个举例。ParseTokenExample.java
import java.io.IOException; import java.io.StringReader; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; import com.google.gson.stream.JsonReader; import com.google.gson.stream.JsonToken; public class ParseTokenExample{ public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, IOException { String url = "http://freemusicarchive.org/api/get/albums.json?api_key=60BLHNQCAOUFPIBZ&limit=5"; String json = IOUtils.toString(new URL(url)); //使用reader去读取json
JsonReader reader = new JsonReader(new StringReader(json));
//调用处理对象的方法去处理完整的json对象
handleObject(reader); }/** *处理对象,假设第一个标记是BEGIN_OBJECT,在对象内部即有多是数组也有可能不是,咱们须要处理这 *两种状况,须要注意peek()方法,它用于一般用于找出下个标记的类型 * @param reader * @throws IOException */
private static void handleObject(JsonReader reader) throws IOException { reader.beginObject(); while (reader.hasNext()) { JsonToken token = reader.peek(); if (token.equals(JsonToken.BEGIN_ARRAY)) handleArray(reader); else if (token.equals(JsonToken.END_ARRAY)) { reader.endObject(); return; } else handleNonArrayToken(reader, token); } } /**
*处理json数组,第一个标记是 JsonToken_BEGIN_ARRAY,数组可能包含对象或者基本原始类型 * * @param reader * @throws IOException */ public static void handleArray(JsonReader reader) throws IOException { reader.beginArray(); while (true) { JsonToken token = reader.peek(); if (token.equals(JsonToken.END_ARRAY)) { reader.endArray(); break; } else if (token.equals(JsonToken.BEGIN_OBJECT)) { handleObject(reader); } else handleNonArrayToken(reader, token); } } /** * 处理不是数组的符号标记 * * @param reader * @param token * @throws IOException */ public static void handleNonArrayToken(JsonReader reader, JsonToken token) throws IOException { if (token.equals(JsonToken.NAME)) System.out.println(reader.nextName()); else if (token.equals(JsonToken.STRING)) System.out.println(reader.nextString()); else if (token.equals(JsonToken.NUMBER)) System.out.println(reader.nextDouble()); else reader.skipValue(); } }
c):将JSON对象转为java对象树
咱们能够从一个json串来构建JsonElement(com.google.gson.JsonElement)树,而后这个树能够转为java对象,JsonElement 含有isJsonObjec()以及isJsonNull()方法等等,这些方法能够识别出JsonElement的类型。而后经过getAsJsonObject()和getAsJsonPrimitive()方法能够获取真正的java对象。举例说明:ParseTreeExample.java
import java.io.IOException; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; import com.google.gson.JsonArray; import com.google.gson.JsonElement; import com.google.gson.JsonObject; import com.google.gson.JsonParser; public class ParseTreeExample6 { public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, IOException { String url = "http://freemusicarchive.org/api/get/albums.json?api_key=60BLHNQCAOUFPIBZ&limit=5"; String json = IOUtils.toString(new URL(url)); JsonParser parser = new JsonParser();
//JsonElement是根节点,它多是一个对象数组为空或者java原始类型 JsonElement element = parser.parse(json); // 使用isxxx方法来找出jsonelement的类型,在咱们的例子中咱们知道跟对象是Albums对象而且包含数组对象 if (element.isJsonObject()) { JsonObject albums = element.getAsJsonObject(); System.out.println(albums.get("title").getAsString()); JsonArray datasets = albums.getAsJsonArray("dataset"); for (int i = 0; i < datasets.size(); i++) { JsonObject dataset = datasets.get(i).getAsJsonObject(); System.out.println(dataset.get("album_title").getAsString()); } } } }
d):序列化List
Gson提供了com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken这个类用于存储泛型类型,举例GenericTypesExample.java
import java.lang.reflect.Type; import com.google.gson.Gson; import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken; public class GenericTypesExample{ public static void main(String[] args) { Animal<dog> animal = new Animal<Dog>(); Dog dog = new Dog("I am a dog"); animal.setAnimal(dog); Gson gson = new Gson(); //定义一个类型 Type animalType = new TypeToken<Animal<Dog>>() { }.getType(); // 咱们首先将animal对象转为json而后从这个json读取回来,可是咱们把json定义一个Animal类型 Animal animal1 = gson.fromJson(gson.toJson(animal, animalType), Animal.class); System.out.println(animal1.get().getClass()); Animal animal2 = gson.fromJson(gson.toJson(animal), animalType); System.out.println(animal2.get().getClass()); } }
Animal.javapublic class Animal<T> { public T animal; public void setAnimal(T animal) { this.animal = animal; } public T get() { return animal; } }
Dog.java
public class Dog { private String name; public Dog(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } }
e):序列化内部类
Gson可以序列化内部类和静态嵌套类,经过下面这个例子咱们能够看到
1.序列化含有静态嵌套类
2.序列化含有非静态嵌套类
3.反序列化json到一个含有静态非静态内部类的类
4.序列化静态嵌套类
5.序列化非静态嵌套类
6.反序列化json到一个静态嵌套类
7.反序列化json到一个非静态嵌套类
举例:SerializeInnerClassExample.java
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier; import com.google.gson.Gson; import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder; import AlbumsWithInnerClass.Dataset; import AlbumsWithInnerClass.Dataset2; public class SerializeInnerClassExample { public static void main(String[] args) { // 建立一个含有静态潜逃类和非静态嵌套类的Albums类 AlbumsWithInnerClass albums = new AlbumsWithInnerClass(); albums.setName("SerializeInnerClass"); //建立一个dataset.由于它不是一个非静态的嵌套类,因此咱们须要一个闭合的类型 Dataset dataset = albums.new Dataset(); dataset.setAlbum_id("1"); dataset.setAlbum_name("albums1"); // 将datasets set到 albums中去 albums.setDatasetsInner(new Dataset[] { dataset }); // 静态的内部类可以被建立而不须要闭合的类型 Dataset2 dataset2 = new Dataset2(); dataset2.setAlbum_id("2"); dataset2.setAlbum_name("albums2"); albums.setDatasetsStatic(new Dataset2[] { dataset2 }); // 建立 GsonBuilder GsonBuilder builder = new GsonBuilder(); builder.excludeFieldsWithModifiers(Modifier.PRIVATE); Gson gson = builder.create(); String json = gson.toJson(albums); System.out.println(json); // 打印的结果为 // {"name":"SerializeInnerClass","datasetsInner":[{"album_name":"SerializeInnerClass_albums1","album_id":"1"}], // "datasetsStatic":[{"album_name":"albums2","album_id":"2"}]} Gson gson3 = new Gson(); AlbumsWithInnerClass parsedAlbums = gson3.fromJson(json, AlbumsWithInnerClass.class); System.out.println(parsedAlbums.datasetsInner[0].album_name); System.out.println(parsedAlbums.datasetsStatic[0].album_name); Gson gson2 = new Gson(); String json2 = gson2.toJson(dataset); System.out.println(json2); //打印的结果为 {"album_name":"SerializeInnerClass_albums1","album_id":"1"} String json3 = gson2.toJson(dataset2); System.out.println(json3); // 打印的结果为 {"album_name":"albums2","album_id":"2"} // 从json字符串中建立一个内部类 Gson gson4 = new Gson(); Dataset parsedDataset = gson4.fromJson(json2, Dataset.class); System.out.println(parsedDataset.getClass()); // 打印结果class com.studytrails.json.gson.AlbumsWithInnerClass$Dataset System.out.println(parsedDataset.album_name); // 打印结果 SerializeInnerClass_albums1 // 从json中建立一个嵌套的静态类 Dataset2 parsedStaticNestedClass = gson4.fromJson(json3, Dataset2.class); System.out.println(parsedStaticNestedClass.getClass()); // 打印结果 class com.studytrails.json.gson.AlbumsWithInnerClass$Dataset2 System.out.println(parsedStaticNestedClass.album_name); // 打印结果 albums2 } }
AlbumsWithInnerClass.java
public class AlbumsWithInnerClass { public String name; private String year; public Dataset[] datasetsInner; public Dataset2[] datasetsStatic; public void setDatasetsInner(Dataset[] datasetsInner) { this.datasetsInner = datasetsInner; } public void setDatasetsStatic(Dataset2[] datasetsStatic) { this.datasetsStatic = datasetsStatic; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setYear(String year) { this.year = year; } class Dataset { public String album_name; public String album_id; public void setAlbum_id(String album_id) { this.album_id = album_id; } public void setAlbum_name(String album_name) { this.album_name = name + "_" + album_name; } } static class Dataset2 { public String album_name; public String album_id; public void setAlbum_id(String album_id) { this.album_id = album_id; } public void setAlbum_name(String album_name) { this.album_name = album_name; } } }
f):自定义类型适配器
自定义类型适配器须要继承com.google.gson.TypeAdapter这个抽象类,实现方法有 public abstract T read(JsonReader in) throws IOException; and public abstract void write(JsonWriter out, T value) throws IOException;你定义的适配器可以处理空值,建立适配器实例后须要在GsonBuilder里面注册,而后经过GsonBuilder来建立Json对象,用于序列化和反序列化操做。举例:
DatasetTypeAdapterExample.java
import java.io.IOException; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; import com.google.gson.Gson; import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder; public class DatasetTypeAdapterExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, IOException { String url = "http://freemusicarchive.org/api/get/albums.json?api_key=60BLHNQCAOUFPIBZ&limit=5"; String json = IOUtils.toString(new URL(url)); // 建立自定义心里适配器而且把它注册到 GsonBuilder Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().registerTypeAdapter(Dataset.class, new DatasetTypeAdapter()).create(); Albums albums = gson.fromJson(json, Albums.class); System.out.println(albums.getDataset()[1].getAlbum_title()); } }
DatasetTypeAdapter.java
import java.io.IOException; import com.google.gson.TypeAdapter; import com.google.gson.stream.JsonReader; import com.google.gson.stream.JsonToken; import com.google.gson.stream.JsonWriter; public class DatasetTypeAdapter extends TypeAdapter<Dataset> { @Override public Dataset read(JsonReader reader) throws IOException { JsonToken token = reader.peek(); Dataset dataset = new Dataset(); if (token.equals(JsonToken.BEGIN_OBJECT)) { reader.beginObject(); while (!reader.peek().equals(JsonToken.END_OBJECT)) { if (reader.peek().equals(JsonToken.NAME)) { if (reader.nextName().equals("album_url")) dataset.setAlbum_title(reader.nextString()); else reader.skipValue(); } } reader.endObject(); } return dataset; } @Override public void write(JsonWriter out, Dataset value) throws IOException { } }
Albums.java
public class Albums { private String title; private Dataset[] dataset; public void setTitle(String title) { this.title = title; } public void setDataset(Dataset[] dataset) { this.dataset = dataset; } public String getTitle() { return title; } public Dataset[] getDataset() { return dataset; } }
g):自定义序列化器
建立一个自定义的序列化器须要实现com.studytrails.json.gson.JsonSerializer 接口,而后实现 public JsonElement serialize(T src, Type typeOfSrc, JsonSerializationContext context); 方法,src 是指源对象,Type 是指源对象的类型,举例:
DogSerializer.java
import java.lang.reflect.Type; import com.google.gson.Gson; import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder; import com.google.gson.JsonElement; import com.google.gson.JsonObject; import com.google.gson.JsonSerializationContext; import com.google.gson.JsonSerializer; import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken; public class DogSerializer implements JsonSerializer<dog> { @Override public JsonElement serialize(Dog src, Type typeOfSrc, JsonSerializationContext context) { JsonObject object = new JsonObject(); String name = src.getName().replaceAll(" ", "_"); object.addProperty("name", name); return object; } public static void main(String[] args) { Animall<Dog> animal = new Animall<Dog>(); Dog dog = new Dog("I am a dog"); animal.setAnimal(dog); Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().registerTypeAdapter(Dog.class, new DogSerializer()).setPrettyPrinting().create(); Type animalType = new TypeToken<Animal<Dog>>() { }.getType(); System.out.println(gson.toJson(animal, animalType)); } }Animal.java
public class Animal<t> { public T animal; public void setAnimal(T animal) { this.animal = animal; } public T get() { return animal; } }
Dog.java
public class Dog { private String name; public Dog(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } }h):自定义反序列化器
建立一个反序列化器须要实现的方法有 public T deserialize(JsonElement json, Type typeOfT, JsonDeserializationContext context) throws JsonParseException;举例:
DogDeserialiser.java
import java.lang.reflect.Type; import com.google.gson.Gson; import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder; import com.google.gson.JsonDeserializationContext; import com.google.gson.JsonDeserializer; import com.google.gson.JsonElement; import com.google.gson.JsonParseException; import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken; public class DogDeserialiser implements JsonDeserializer<Dog> { @Override public Dog deserialize(JsonElement json, Type typeOfT, JsonDeserializationContext context) throws JsonParseException { String name = json.getAsJsonObject().get("name").getAsString(); name = name.replace(" ", "_"); Dog dog = new Dog(name); return dog; } public static void main(String[] args) { String json = "{\"animal\":{\"name\":\"I am a dog\"}}"; Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().registerTypeAdapter(Dog.class, new DogDeserialiser()).create(); Type animalType = new TypeToken<Animal<Dog>>() { }.getType(); Animal<Dog> animal = gson.fromJson(json, animalType); System.out.println(animal.get().getName()); } }i):GSON扩展策略
在缺省的状况下,GSON试着将java对象中的全部属性映射到json中相一致的属性中。可是在一些特殊的状况下咱们尝试去控制这个操做。这个是有一些方法实现的。
1.经过自定义注解的方式而且忽略被注解的域。
2.经过集成ExclusionStrategy 接口的方式自定义来实现,须要实现的方法有public boolean shouldSkipField(FieldAttributes f); and public boolean shouldSkipClass(Class clazz);
3.经过使用@Expose 注解,而后在GsonBuilder上面使用excludeFieldsWithoutExposeAnnotation(),这个方法,除非使用 @Expose 这个注解,否 则咱们忽略全部的域。
举例:ExclusionExample.java
import java.awt.Color; import com.google.gson.Gson; import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder; public class ExclusionExample { public static void main(String[] args) { Cat cat = new Cat(); cat.setName("Cat"); cat.setAge(1); cat.setColor(Color.BLACK); cat.setCountry("US"); Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().serializeNulls().setExclusionStrategies(new CustomExclusionStrategy(Color.class)) .excludeFieldsWithoutExposeAnnotation().create(); System.out.println(gson.toJson(cat)); // 打印结果 {"name":"Cat","lazy":null} } }
Cat.java
import java.awt.Color; import com.google.gson.annotations.Expose; public class Cat { @Expose private String name; private int age; private Color color; @Expose @Country private String country; @Expose private Boolean lazy = null; public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setColor(Color color) { this.color = color; } public int getAge() { return age; } public String getName() { return name; } public Color getColor() { return color; } public void setCountry(String country) { this.country = country; } public String getCountry() { return country; } public void setLazy(Boolean lazy) { this.lazy = lazy; } public Boolean getLazy() { return lazy; } }
CustomExclusionStrategy.java
import com.google.gson.ExclusionStrategy; import com.google.gson.FieldAttributes; public class CustomExclusionStrategy implements ExclusionStrategy { private Class classToExclude; public CustomExclusionStrategy(Class classToExclude) { this.classToExclude = classToExclude; } @Override public boolean shouldSkipField(FieldAttributes f) { if (f.getAnnotation(Country.class) == null) return false; return true; } @Override public boolean shouldSkipClass(Class<?> clazz) { if (clazz.equals(classToExclude)) return true; return false; } }
4.结束
Gson功能的强大可见一斑,并且非常简介,毕竟是大牌厂商的产品,果真是不同,固然还有不少功能有待挖掘,最好的是阅读源码,这样能够收获更大。