关于C#你应该知道的2000件事

原文 关于C#你应该知道的2000件事

下面列出了迄今为止你应该了解的关于C＃博客的2000件事的全部帖子。 帖子总数= 1,219 大会 ＃11 -检查IL使用程序Ildasm.exe d ＃179 - 什么是大会？ ＃180 - CLR按需加载程序集 ＃485 - 项目参考和附属组件 ＃486 - 忽略没必要要的项目引用 ＃705 - 应用程序和类库 ＃706 - 应用程序域启用应用程序隔离 基本 ＃1 - Main（）签名的样子 ＃2 - 最小的C＃程序 ＃3 - 谁设计了C＃？ ＃4 - C＃与Java有什么不一样？ ＃5 - C＃与VB.NET有何不一样？ ＃6 - 一个更小的C＃程序 ＃8 - Main（）函数能够返回一个int ＃9 - Main（）不该该公开 ＃10 - Main（）的返回值在Windows中设置ERRORLEVEL变量 ＃12 - 读取命令行参数 ＃18 - 什么是标识符？ ＃19 - 上下文关键字 ＃20 - 文学 ＃21 - 布尔文字 ＃22 - 整数文字 ＃23 - 真正的文学 ＃24 - 字符文字 ＃26 - Null Literal ＃27 - 表达式，运算符和操做数 ＃28 - 运营商优先权 ＃29 - 评论 ＃35 - 声明变量 ＃36 - 可变初始化和肯定分配 ＃45 - 班级的静态成员 ＃46 - 只有一个静态数据副本 ＃52 - 算术运算符 ＃53 - 模数 ＃54 - 增量和减量运算符 ＃55 - 截断中的整数除法结果 ＃56 - 将Float转换为Int时如何舍入 ＃67 - 参考类型相等的默认行为 ＃72 - 十六进制数 ＃73 - 按位运算符 ＃74 - 转移运算符 ＃75 - 转移时的新比特 ＃77 - 特殊浮点值 ＃78 - 检查特殊浮点值 ＃79 - NaN的平等检查 ＃83 - .NET中的JIT编译 ＃84 - 将元数据视为源代码 ＃85 - C＃程序的通常结构 ＃86 - 平等和不平等运算符 ＃87 - 关系运算符 ＃88 - 条件运算符 ＃89 - 否认运营商 ＃90 - 更复杂的逻辑表达式 ＃91 - 条件运算符能够进行短路评估 ＃92 - 三元条件运算符 ＃110 - 将算术运算符与赋值运算符组合 ＃111 - 将逻辑或移位运算符与赋值运算符组合在一块儿 ＃117 - 使用#define定义符号 ＃118 - 禁用特定编译器警告 ＃181 - C＃强类型 ＃182 - C＃是（大部分）强类型 ＃183 - 使用var告诉编译器弄清楚类型 ＃184 - 对象类型的做弊类型安全 ＃185 - 堆和堆栈 ＃186 - 堆上的值类型 ＃187 - 一切都是对象 ＃188 - 对象在堆中，对象的引用在堆栈中 ＃189 - 基于堆栈的对象的内存管理 ＃190 - 基于堆的对象的内存管理 ＃199 - 您没法显式删除基于堆的对象 ＃200 - 静态数据和常量存储在堆上 ＃201 - 你能够在C＃中泄漏内存 ＃202 - 对象中的全部字段都自动初始化 ＃204 - 关于使用隐式类型变量的三条规则 ＃205 - 用户可定义的五种类型 ＃206 - 值类型不能表示空值 ＃207 - 可空类型 ＃208 - 你可使任何值类型为Nullable ＃209 - 为何你想在变量中存储空值 ＃222 - C＃发音为“C Sharp” ＃223 - 为您的项目启用代码分析 ＃224 - 代码分析会遇到问题的一个例子 ＃225 - 使用FxCop进行自由静态分析 ＃371 - 表明基础知识 ＃372 - 表明们有什么好处 ＃373 - 表明能够参考多种方法 ＃374 - 自定义委托派生自System.MulticastDelegate ＃375 - 使用GetInvocationList获取单个表明的列表 ＃376 - 在委托调用期间发生异常时会发生什么 ＃377 - 确保使用GetInvocationList调用全部代理的方法 ＃385 - 委托实例能够引用实例和静态方法 ＃391 - 将代理实例做为参数传递 ＃401 - 每一个对象都继承一个等于方法 ＃402 - 价值平等与参考平等 ＃403 - 参考类型的等于方法与==运算符 ＃404 - 等于方法与==运算符的值类型 ＃406 - 覆盖Equals方法 ＃407 - 为何在覆盖等于时应该覆盖GetHashCode ＃411 - 覆盖值类型的等于方法 ＃413 - 使用Object.ReferenceEquals检查引用相等性 ＃417 - 为价值平等提供特定类型的等价方法 ＃418 - 实现IComparable接口 ＃420 - 实施价值平等和IComparable的洗衣清单 ＃421 - 价值平等和IComparable示例 ＃424 - 垃圾收集器 ＃425 - 不肯定性破坏和对象终结 ＃426 - 使用析构函数释放非托管资源 ＃427 - Finalizer Gotchas ＃428 - 终结器应始终调用其基类的终结器 ＃429 - 使用Dispose Pattern进行肯定性破坏 ＃430 - 处理模式示例 ＃431 - using语句自动调用Dispose方法 ＃432 - 在using语句中初始化多个对象 ＃467 - 元数据 ＃468 - 容许向程序元素添加元数据的属性 ＃469 - 将属性附加到类型成员 ＃470 - 定义本身的自定义属性 ＃471 - 使用反射读取属性的值 ＃472 - 属性能够附加到各类元素上 ＃473 - 指定能够应用自定义属性的元素类型 ＃475 - 在字符串文字中显示的注释被视为字符串的一部分 ＃476 - 不要在标识符中使用Unicode转义序列 ＃499 - 条件编译符号定义或未定义 ＃500 - #define和#undef必须位于文件顶部 ＃501 - C ++中的#define和C＃之间的差别 ＃502 - #define和#undef范围 ＃503 - 使用#if / #endif指令有条件地编译代码 ＃504 - 使用#else指令 ＃505 - 使用#elif指令 ＃506 - 在#if和#elif指令中使用表达式 ＃507 - 您能够在#if Block中#define其余符号 ＃508 - 使用#error和#warning指令 ＃509 - 使用#pragma warning Directive禁用编译时警告 ＃514 - 运营商优先顺序的例子 ＃515 - 二元运算符是左关联的 ＃516 - 做业运算符是右关联的 ＃518 - 分割跨多个文件的类的实现 ＃521 - 命名空间帮助组织类型 ＃522 - 类型的彻底限定名称包括命名空间 ＃523 - 使用指令容许省略命名空间 ＃524 - 命名空间中的全部类型必须是惟一的 ＃525 - 命名空间能够嵌套 ＃526 - 使用语句能够别名嵌套命名空间 ＃527 - 使用点表示法定义嵌套命名空间 ＃529 - using指令能够为命名空间建立别名 ＃530 - 命名空间与程序集 ＃531 - 命名命名空间的最佳实践 ＃532 - 使用来自不一样程序集的相同命名类型 ＃533 - 外部别名的替表明示法 ＃535 - 建立通用结构 ＃542 - 命名类型参数的约定 ＃543 - 能够对通用类型对象执行的操做 ＃544 - 指定类型参数的约束 ＃545 - 为多个类型参数指定约束 ＃550 - 匿名方法不须要正式参数 ＃551 - 添加到调用列表时使用匿名方法 ＃552 - 匿名方法能够访问声明它们的局部变量 ＃583 - 您没法修改foreach循环中的迭代器变量 ＃640 - 您没法使用的方法名称 ＃659 - 获取有关对象类型的信息 ＃660 - typeof运算符获取有关类型的信息 ＃661 - 每一个对象都有一个ToString方法 ＃662 - 覆盖自定义类型的ToString方法 ＃664 - 物理内存与虚拟内存 ＃665 - 最大虚拟内存量 ＃666 - 使用性能计数器查看.NET内存使用状况 ＃667 - 垃圾收集器运行时.NET内存性能计数器更新 ＃668 - GetTotalMemory表示您分配了多少内存 ＃673 - 使用Statement中使用的类型必须实现IDisposable ＃689 - 参考和对象 ＃707 - 程序中的多个类能够包含主要方法 ＃709 - 一种方法能够从新定义父类中存在的名称 ＃710 - 块中声明的变量在块外不可见 ＃711 - 全局命名空间 ＃712 - 辅助功能摘要 ＃713 - 明确声明可访问性 ＃714 - 内部类型中公共方法的可访问性 ＃718 - 范围 ＃721 - 本地变量声明能够隐藏类成员 ＃722 - 本地变量声明可能没法始终隐藏类成员 ＃724 - 类型的彻底限定名称 ＃730 - 在迭代前使用foreach语句检查null ＃732 - 毁灭与收藏 ＃733 - 如何判断对象是否收集了垃圾 ＃734 - 访问经过WeakReference引用的原始对象 ＃735 - 不要相信WeakReference.IsAlive若是它返回true ＃736 - 垃圾收集后，WeakReference的目标将为null ＃738 - 你不该该明确强制垃圾收集 ＃740 - 短时间与长期弱参考 ＃771 - System.Object成员摘要 ＃803 - 您可能使用var关键字时的状况 ＃804 - 使用var关键字时的权衡 ＃805 - 自定义使用var关键字的示例 ＃806 - 强制使用var关键字的示例 ＃846 - 调用堆栈跟踪已调用的方法 ＃847 - 调用堆栈的工做原理 ＃921 - 显式建立但自动销毁的对象 ＃922 - 发布对象引用的方法 ＃923 - 一个对象不会被删除，由于它被解除引用 ＃924 - 您一般不该该担忧内存管理问题 ＃940 - 应用程序关闭时调用终结器 ＃941 - 检查对象是不是一次性的 ＃949 - 哪一个版本的C＃是什么 ＃950 - C＃具备统一类型系统 ＃951 - 不是每种类型都来自对象 ＃952 - 类型安全 ＃953 - 静态打字与动态打字 ＃954 - 静态打字与强类型 ＃955 - C＃是一种托管语言 ＃956 - 公共语言基础结构（CLI） ＃957 - 命名包含C＃代码的文件 ＃958 - 标识符的命名约定 ＃959 - 不要在标识符的开头使用双下划线 ＃960 - 命名类的约定 ＃961 - 检索命令行和可执行文件的路径 ＃962 - 语句能够跨越多行 ＃963 - 使用大括号括起一块语句 ＃964 - 在语句块中声明变量 ＃965 - 缩进代码以提升可读性 ＃966 - Visual Studio代码编辑器帮助缩进 ＃967 - 为变量赋值 ＃968 - 从变量中读取值 ＃969 - 建立一个简单的控制台应用程序 ＃971 - 从控制台读取输入线 ＃972 - 从控制台读取击键 ＃973 - 复合格式字符串中的格式项能够按任意顺序排列 ＃974 - 写得很好的代码包括写得好的评论 ＃975 - 评论您的准则的指南 ＃981 - C＃关键字的完整列表 ＃985 - 为何它对条件运算符进行短路评估颇有用 ＃987 - 使用指令能够为类型建立别名 ＃988 - 使用global显式引用命名空间 ＃989 - 将数字格式化为十六进制 ＃990 - 将十六进制字符串转换为数字数据 ＃994 - Unicode基础知识 ＃995 - Unicode代码点 ＃996 - UTF-16编码，第一部分 ＃997 - UTF-16编码，第二部分 ＃998 - UTF-8编码 ＃999 - UTF-16和UTF-8编码的一些例子 ＃1,000 - UTF-8和ASCII ＃1,001 - 表明Unicode代理对 ＃1,002 - 写入文件时指定字符编码 ＃1,017 - 委托类型与委托实例 ＃1,018 - 委托调用语法 ＃1,019 - 向委托的调用列表添加方法的语法 ＃1,020 - 从委托的调用列表中删除方法 ＃1,021 - 表明的回报值会发生什么 ＃1,022 - 如何使用全部代理实例的返回值 ＃1,077 - 十进制数字系统 ＃1,078 - 十六进制数字系统 ＃1,079 - 二进制数字系统 ＃1,080 - 二进制数字写为十六进制 ＃1,081 - 比特，字节和半字节 ＃1,082 - Big-endian和Little-endian ＃1,083 - 使用Visual Studio验证Little-Endianness ＃1,084 - 使用科学记数法表示数字 ＃1,085 - 二进制浮点数 ＃1,086 - 将十进制浮点数转换为二进制浮点数 ＃1,087 - 使用科学记数法表示二进制浮点数 ＃1,088 - 如何在.NET中存储32位浮点数，第一部分 ＃1,089 - 如何在.NET中存储32位浮点数，第二部分 ＃1,090 - 使用Visual Studio验证如何存储浮点数 ＃1,091 - 次正规浮点数 ＃1,092 - 正面和负面零点 ＃1,093 - 如何存储正负零值 ＃1,094 - 正面和负面无限 ＃1,095 - 如何存储浮点无穷大值 ＃1,096 - 浮点NaN值 ＃1,097 - 如何在.NET中存储浮点数的摘要 ＃1,098 - 浮点溢出 ＃1,099 - 重载增量运算符 ＃1,102 - 范围与宣言空间 ＃1,103 - 块定义范围和声明空间 ＃1,104 - 没法在嵌套块中从新声明变量 ＃1,105 - 在方法中从新声明类级变量 ＃1,112 - 如何在.NET中存储整数 ＃1,113 - 使用二进制补码添加整数 ＃1,127 - 在何处查找编译器警告号 ＃1,128 - 禁用整个项目的编译时警告 ＃1,149 - 通用委托类型 ＃1,150 - 通用委托类型做为参数 ＃1,151 - Func委托类型 ＃1,152 - 行动表明类型 ＃1,153 - 不一样的委托类型不兼容 ＃1,154 - 分配给委托类型时的输入参数兼容性 ＃1,155 - 分配给委托类型时的返回值兼容性 ＃1,156 - 协方差和通用表明类型 ＃1,157 - 逆变和通用表明类型 类 ＃141 - 为自定义类型实现ICloneable ＃143 - 深度拷贝实现ICloneable的示例 ＃144 - 使用序列化实现深度复制 ＃226 - 类和对象 ＃227 - 在堆上建立类的实例 ＃228 - C＃中使用类的面向对象编程 ＃229 - 面向对象编程的核心原则 ＃230 - 用户定义的类型是一等公民 ＃231 - 在类中声明和使用实例字段 ＃232 - 在类中声明和使用实例方法 ＃233 - 从实例方法返回结果 ＃234 - 多个返回语句 ＃235 - void方法不须要return语句 ＃236 - 从方法返回引用类型 ＃237 - 从其中一个方法中引用类字段 ＃238 - 从另外一种方法调用方法 ＃239 - 本参考文献 ＃240 - 类中的私有和公共实例数据 ＃241 - 声明和使用私有实例方法 ＃242 - 在类中声明和使用属性 ＃243 - 属性获取和设置访问者 ＃244 - 为属性定义Get Accessor ＃245 - 为属性定义Set Accessor ＃246 - 实现只读属性 ＃247 - 实现只写属性 ＃248 - 实现返回计算值的属性 ＃249 - 使用get Accessor清理属性数据 ＃250 - 使用set Accessor转换或验证属性数据 ＃251 - 类属性支持封装原则 ＃252 - 自动属性 ＃253 - 实现只读自动属性 ＃254 - 使用私有集访问器实现只读属性 ＃255 - 静态字段与实例字段 ＃256 - 使用静态字段 ＃257 - 私人静态字段 ＃258 - 初始化静态变量做为其声明的一部分 ＃259 - 静态与实例属性 ＃260 - 属性如何在封面下看 ＃261 - 自动属性如何在封面下看 ＃262 - 使用参数将数据传递给方法 ＃263 - 方法的签名在其类型中必须是惟一的 ＃285 - 班级成员概述 ＃286 - 建立类的实例时调用构造函数 ＃287 - 您没必要定义构造函数 ＃288 - 将参数传递给构造函数 ＃289 - 您能够定义多个构造函数 ＃290 - 连接构造函数 ＃291 - 若是定义任何构造函数，则无默认构造函数 ＃292 - 静态构造函数初始化静态数据 ＃293 - 您能够声明私有构造函数 ＃294 - 让全部构造函数都是私有的，以防止建立对象 ＃295 - 什么时候调用静态构造函数？ ＃299 - Intellisense显示可用的构造函数 ＃303 - 集体成员的可访问性 ＃304 - 私人班级成员 ＃305 - 公共级会员 ＃306 - 受保护的班级成员 ＃307 - 内部班级成员 ＃308 - 受保护的内部班级成员 ＃309 - 在派生类中访问受保护的成员 ＃310 - 类中字段的可访问性 ＃311 - 类中属性的可访问性 ＃312 - 类中方法的可访问性 ＃313 - 类中构造函数的可访问性 ＃314 - 静态构造函数不容许访问修饰符 ＃315 - 静态方法和属性的可访问性 ＃322 - 类可访问性 ＃323 - 通用类是类的模板 ＃324 - 通用类能够有多个类型参数 ＃325 - Intellisense理解通用类 ＃326 - 通用类型与构造类型 ＃329 - 一个类能够继承另外一个类的数据和行为 ＃330 - 派生类不会继承构造函数 ＃331 - 隐式地与显式地调用基类构造函数 ＃332 - 每一个类都彻底属于一个类 ＃333 - 类继承致使类的层次结构 ＃334 - 基类变量能够引用派生类的实例 ＃335 - 使用基类变量访问派生类 ＃336 - 声明和使用只读字段 ＃337 - 声明和使用静态只读字段 ＃338 - 静态只读字段与常量 ＃339 - 只读字段与只读属性 ＃342 - 使用静态变量计算类的实例 ＃343 - 使用新的关键字替换基类中的方法 ＃344 - 基于声明的对象类型调用隐藏的基类成员 ＃345 - 派生类中的方法默认隐藏基类方法 ＃346 - 多态性 ＃347 - 多态性的另外一个例子 ＃348 - 虚方法支持多态性 ＃349 - 虚拟和非虚拟方法之间的区别 ＃350 - 多态行为所需的方法修饰符 ＃351 - 抽象方法没有实现 ＃352 - 您没法实例化抽象类 ＃353 - 为何你能够定义一个抽象类 ＃355 - 使用新的关键字替换基类中的属性 ＃356 - 基于声明的对象类型使用隐藏的基类属性 ＃357 - 派生类中的属性默认隐藏基类属性 ＃358 - 虚拟属性支持多态性 ＃359 - 虚拟和非虚拟属性之间的区别 ＃360 - 多态行为所需的属性修饰符 ＃361 - 抽象属性没有实现 ＃362 - 定义索引器 ＃363 - 索引器能够同时获取和设置访问者 ＃364 - 定义参数为枚举类型的索引器 ＃365 - 重载索引器 ＃366 - 使用多个参数定义索引器 ＃517 - 静态类 ＃534 - 泛型有什么用？ ＃546 - 为同一类型参数指定多个约束 ＃547 - 能够做为类型参数约束的东西 ＃548 - 类型参数约束不超过一个类 ＃567 - 更普遍与更窄的类型 ＃570 - 参考类型的分配兼容性 ＃590 - 构造函数中的可选参数 ＃601 - 类能够从父类继承并实现接口 ＃602 - 初始化类中的字段 ＃603 - 使用常量能够强制从新编译 ＃609 - 省略同一类中静态成员的类名 ＃610 - 财产中的懒惰评估获取访问者 ＃614 - 子类可访问性 ＃615 - 您没法删除基类成员 ＃616 - 基类必须知道是否须要多态性 ＃617 - 在基类中调用方法的最简单方法 ＃618 - 使用基本关键字在基类中调用方法 ＃619 - 在基类中调用构造函数 ＃620 - 从不一样程序集中的类继承 ＃621 - 密封类以防止继承 ＃622 - 密封与非密封 ＃623 - 在另外一种类型中定义一种类型 ＃624 - 嵌套类的可访问性 ＃625 - 使用点表示法引用嵌套类型 ＃626 - 嵌套类型选项 ＃627 - 结构或类中嵌套类型的可访问性 ＃628 - 为何你可能会建立一个嵌套类型 ＃629 - 嵌套类型具备对父级成员的彻底访问权限 ＃630 - 嵌套类型能够隐藏外类中的成员 ＃631 - 代码生成工具和部分类 ＃639 - 静态类能够包含嵌套的非静态类 ＃648 - 使用对象初始化器 ＃649 - 建立匿名类型 ＃655 - 使用对象初始化程序仅初始化某些属性 ＃656 - 嵌套对象初始化器 ＃669 - 经过调用方法初始化字段 ＃670 - 静态与实例初始化 ＃671 - 基类构造函数能够调用虚方法 ＃675 - 多态行为须要虚拟/覆盖组合 ＃676 - 重写的方法能够本身被覆盖 ＃677 - 没法覆盖标记为新修改器的方法 ＃678 - 没法覆盖密封方法 ＃679 - 使用虚方法隐藏继承的方法 ＃680 - 虚拟修改器组合 ＃681 - 避免使用新关键字隐藏方法 ＃682 - 新关键字的真正缘由 ＃683 - 对象能够多态化的两种方式 ＃684 - 隐藏的基类成员并不是真正隐藏 ＃685 - 继承能够破坏封装 ＃686 - 继承与遏制 ＃687 - 遏制的一个例子 ＃688 - 聚合，组成和遏制 ＃690 - 使用此关键字区分字段和参数 ＃692 - 构造函数中可选参数的两种方法 ＃693 - 构造函数中的命名参数容许最大的灵活性 ＃694 - 链式构造函数的事件序列 ＃696 - 使用静态属性计算实例 ＃697 - 经过使用访问修饰符管理封装 ＃698 - 类型成员是隐性私人的 ＃699 - 类型是隐含内部的 ＃700 - 使用set Accessor强制进行套管 ＃701 - 在设置的访问者中集中业务规则逻辑 ＃702 - 自动属性必须定义get和set Accessors ＃703 - 对象初始化器容许设置字段或属性 ＃704 - 在任何构造函数中使用对象初始化程序 ＃708 - 名称在宣言空间内必须是惟一的 ＃715 - 私人会员在派生类中不可见 ＃716 - 派生类如何访问受保护的成员 ＃717 - 类成员不能比他们的类型更容易访问 ＃719 - A类中声明的位置可有可无 ＃720 - 方法中声明的位置很重要 ＃723 - 派生类中可能没法看到子类中的新方法 ＃737 - 什么时候实施终结器 ＃739 - 避免在完成后访问对象 ＃741 - 继承的基础 ＃742 - 一个简单的继承示例 ＃744 - 继承的目的 ＃751 - 仅部分保留封装的继承 ＃752 - C＃不支持多重继承 ＃753 - 隐式向上转换为基类引用 ＃754 - 向下转换为对派生类的引用 ＃768 - 什么时候调用基类的构造函数 ＃769 - 模式 - 覆盖它时调用基类方法 ＃783 - 什么时候建立静态类 ＃784 - 什么时候不使用静态类 ＃787 - 避免在类中使用公共字段 ＃788 - 支持字段存储属性的数据 ＃790 - 属性获取和设置访问者能够有不一样的访问修饰符 ＃791 - 属性不是变量 ＃795 - 建立不可变类的规则 ＃796 - 属性访问器的默承认访问性 ＃797 - 设置属性访问器的可访问性 ＃798 - 您没法覆盖不可访问的访问者 ＃800 - 接口中的属性可能包含一个或两个访问器 ＃801 - 简单不可变类的一个例子 ＃817 - 静态构造函数引起异常时会发生什么 ＃818 - 实例构造函数引起异常时会发生什么 ＃819 - 私有构造函数可能会阻止继承 ＃820 - 受保护的构造函数容许子类建立实例 ＃824 - 复制构造函数制做现有对象的副本 ＃825 - 浅拷贝 ＃826 - 深拷贝 ＃827 - 使用复制构造函数制做深层复制 ＃828 - 实现复制构造函数和ICloneable ＃829 - 添加注释以指示浅层与深层复制 ＃830 - ICloneable的问题 ＃831 - 在派生类中实现复制构造函数 ＃832 - 调用终结器的顺序 ＃1,023 - 在执行构造函数以前初始化字段 ＃1,024 - 将内部成员公开给另外一个大会 ＃1,027 - 类型参数与通用类中的类型参数 ＃1,028 - 通用类型与通用方法 ＃1,029 - 如何在通用类型中定义构造函数 ＃1,030 - 要求通用类型参数从指定的类派生 ＃1,031 - 要求通用类型参数实现接口 ＃1,032 - 要求通用类型参数为参考或值类型 ＃1,033 - 要求通用类型参数具备无参数构造函数 ＃1,034 - 使一个类型参数取决于另外一个 ＃1,035 - 类型参数约束的摘要 ＃1,036 - 指定多种类型参数约束 ＃1,037 - 为多个类型参数指定类型参数约束 ＃1,039 - 从通用类派生 ＃1,040 - 从构造类型派生 ＃1,041 - 从通用类派生时添加新类型参数 ＃1,042 - 从自我参照构造类型派生，第一部分 ＃1,043 - 从自我参照构造类型派生，第二部分 ＃1,044 - 静态数据在通用类型中的表现方式 ＃1,070 - 能够编译通用类型 ＃1,134 - 使用“of of”术语来表示泛型 ＃1,135 - 重载通用类 ＃1,137 - 非通用类中的通用方法 ＃1,138 - 通用方法中的类型参数能够被约束 ＃1,139 - 通用类型中对象比较的问题 ＃1,140 - 比较通用类型中的参考类型对象 ＃1,141 - 即便可用于类型化参数的过载，也使用参考等式 ＃1,142 - 使用EqualityComparer比较通用类型中的对象 ＃1,143 - 在通用类型中实现IEquatable ＃1,144 - 获取有关通用类型的类型信息 ＃1,145 - 对通用类型参数使用反射 ＃1,146 - 泛型不支持协方差 ＃1,147 - 为何泛型不支持协方差 ＃1,148 - 什么时候使用通用协变接口 集合 ＃423 - 使用SequenceEquals比较两个列表 ＃842 - 堆栈数据类型 ＃843 - 使用通用堆栈类 ＃844 - 队列数据类型 ＃845 - 使用通用队列类 ＃1,117 - foreach须要IEnumerable实现 ＃1,118 - foreach与Iterator一块儿使用yield返回 ＃1,129 - 通用字典基础知识 ＃1,130 - 检查通用字典是否已包含密钥 ＃1,131 - 使用通用字典的示例 ＃1,132 - 使用SortedDictionary ＃1,133 - 使用Collection Initializer初始化Dictionary 数据类型 ＃30 - 类型，变量，值，实例 ＃31 - 价值类型和参考类型 ＃32 - 内置类型 ＃34 - 对象类型 ＃37 - 全部值类型都有默认构造函数 ＃38 - 数据类型层次结构 ＃39 - 数值类型的MinValue / MaxValue ＃40 - TrueString和FalseString ＃41 - 实例化参考类型 ＃42 - 与对象交互 ＃43 - 对象在堆上实例化 ＃44 - 对同一对象的多个引用 ＃47 - 经过铸造进行数字转换 ＃48 - 显式强制转换如何失败 ＃49 - 什么时候使用十进制类型 ＃50 - System.Char的静态方法 ＃51 - Float Literals必须使用f后缀 ＃57 - 整数操做溢出 ＃58 - 使用Checked Operator生成整数溢出的异常 ＃59 - 使用未经检查的关键字来避免溢出异常 ＃76 - 小整数的算术运算 ＃80 - 使用十进制类型进行货币计算 ＃81 - DateTime和TimeSpan类型 ＃82 - 一些常见的DateTime和TimeSpan函数 ＃93 - 字符文字中的转义序列 ＃94 - 在字符和数字类型之间转换 ＃107 - 定义和使用结构 ＃108 - 为Struct定义构造函数 ＃109 - 定义和使用枚举 ＃119 - 阵列 ＃120 - 数组声明和实例化 ＃121 - 数组初始化 ＃122 - 数组能够包含任何类型的对象 ＃123 - 在数组中存储任意对象 ＃124 - 声明和实例化多维数组 ＃125 - 初始化多维数组 ＃126 - 初始化参考类型对象的数组 ＃127 - 声明和实例化锯齿状数组 ＃128 - 访问锯齿状数组中的元素 ＃129 - 初始化锯齿状数组 ＃130 - 数组元素的默认值 ＃131 - Arrays派生自System.Array ＃132 - 多维和锯齿状的阵列 ＃133 - 数组的长度是固定的 ＃134 - 对一维数组进行排序 ＃135 - 实现IComparable以容许排序自定义类型 ＃136 - 根据键数组对值数组进行排序 ＃137 - 使用独立的比较器方法对阵列进行排序 ＃138 - 搜索已排序的数组 ＃139 - 使用Array.Clone方法制做数组的浅拷贝 ＃140 - 使用对象的克隆方法制做数组的深层副本 ＃142 - 为深拷贝实施ICloneable ＃145 - 使用Array.Find搜索未排序的数组 ＃146 - 使用Array.FindAll查找数组中的一组匹配元素 ＃147 - 获取数字数组的平均值 ＃148 - 获取自定义对象数组的平均值 ＃149 - 使用IEnumerable.Aggregate基于数组中的全部元素执行计算 ＃150 - 能够应用于数字数组的其余聚合函数 ＃151 - 肯定数组是否包含特定元素 ＃152 - 使用Distinct（）方法删除重复数组条目 ＃153 - 返回匹配特定标准的数组元素子集 ＃154 - 使用无效数组索引致使异常被抛出 ＃155 - 使用foreach语句迭代数组 ＃156 - 在foreach循环中使用break并继续 ＃191 - 更改枚举的基础类型 ＃192 - 为枚举成员使用非默认常量值 ＃193 - 枚举类型的ToString方法显示成员的名称 ＃194 - 将一组布尔值存储为位 ＃195 - 使用枚举类型存储一组标志 ＃196 - 在基于标志的枚举类型上使用ToString（）方法 ＃197 - 检查存在标志的枚举值 ＃198 - 设置标志组合的枚举值 ＃203 - 始终具备0值枚举常数的良好实践 ＃210 - 检查能够为空的对象是否有值 ＃211 - 使用Null-Coalescing（??）运算符 ＃212 - 在同一表达式中使用多个Null-Coalescing（??）运算符 ＃213 - 使用Null-Coalescing（??）运算符时的最终操做数 ＃214 - 使用带引用类型的Null-Coalescing（??）运算符 ＃215 - 使用具备自定义可空类型的Null-Coalescing（??）运算符 ＃216 - Null-Coalescing（??）运算符等效于GetValueOrDefault方法 ＃217 - T？至关于Nullable <T> ＃218 - 在堆积经过拳击中存储值类型对象 ＃219 - 取消装箱装箱物品 ＃220 - 拳击能够自动发生 ＃221 - 取消装箱时，您必须彻底匹配原始类型 ＃280 - 隐式类型数组 ＃296 - 在使用结构以前，必须为全部字段赋值 ＃297 - 初始化结构内容的三种不一样方法 ＃298 - 结构能够有几个构造函数 ＃316 - 声明和使用常量 ＃317 - 常数能够是班级成员 ＃318 - 您不能在常量上使用静态修改器 ＃319 - 使用表达式初始化常量 ＃320 - 参考类型常量的常量表达式必须为空 ＃321 - 常量的可访问性 ＃327 - 为新变量分配结构进行复制 ＃328 - 复制结构不会复制基础参考类型 ＃367 - 迭代枚举类型的全部可能值 ＃433 - 全部结构都继承自System.ValueType ＃457 - 在枚举及其基础类型之间转换 ＃458 - 枚举和底层类型之间转换时的错误 ＃459 - 为枚举分配不一样类型的值 ＃460 - 从字符串转换为枚举类型 ＃461 - 枚举元素不须要是连续的 ＃462 - 枚举类型中的重复枚举器 ＃463 - 枚举值能够是任何常量表达式 ＃464 - 在运行时获取枚举的基础类型 ＃465 - 转储枚举类型的全部名称和值 ＃466 - 仅显式分配一些枚举值 ＃477 - 字符文字的转义序列的完整列表 ＃510 - 在同一行上声明多个局部变量 ＃519 - 结构和类之间的差别 ＃520 - 在结构和类之间进行选择 ＃566 - 可空类型的隐式转换 ＃568 - 数组协方差 ＃569 - 做业兼容性 ＃571 - 编程语言中的协方差 ＃572 - 为何数组协方差称为协方差 ＃573 - 数组协方差不适用于值类型 ＃574 - 阵列协方差的问题 ＃581 - 拳击和拆箱可空类型 ＃582 - 使用as运算符将其置为可空类型 ＃596 - 隐式类型数组和最佳类型推断 ＃598 - 清除数组或数组的子集 ＃599 - 将数组复制到另外一个数组 ＃600 - 反转数组中的元素 ＃611 - 结构中成员的可访问性 ＃641 - 在结构中使用此关键字 ＃642 - 在结构中从新分配此指针 ＃643 - 结构的构造函数必须初始化全部数据成员 ＃644 - 连接结构体构造函数 ＃645 - 您能够连接到结构的默认构造函数 ＃646 - 值类型没有终结器 ＃650 - 建立一个匿名类型的对象数组 ＃651 - 将匿名类型的对象传递给方法 ＃652 - 在匿名类型声明中使用表达式和变量 ＃653 - 投影初始化器 ＃654 - 您不能直接使用匿名类型 ＃657 - 拳击制做一个物体的副本 ＃658 - IL中的拳击和拆箱效果如何 ＃767 - 结构被隐式密封 ＃775 - 复制一个匿名类型的对象数组 ＃776 - 声明和使用Nullable结构 ＃777 - 结构在用做属性时不可变 ＃778 - 结构在集合中使用时不可变 ＃779 - 修改元素的结构中的方法多是危险的 ＃780 - 不可变结构的案例 ＃781 - 结构能够实现接口 ＃782 - 您能够在没有新关键字的状况下建立结构的实例 ＃789 - 将常数分组为本身的类 ＃833 - 匿名对象初始化器的一些示例 ＃834 - 使用通用列表存储对象集合 ＃835 - 通用列表能够存储值类型或参考类型的对象 ＃836 - 使用对象初始化程序初始化通用列表 ＃837 - Collection Initializers中的Object Initializers ＃838 - 做为参数的对象和集合初始值设定项 ＃839 - 匿名类型限制 ＃840 - 使用匿名类型做为对象的只读子集 ＃982 - 枚举类型能够存储最多32个标志 ＃983 - 使用BitArray存储大量布尔值 ＃991 - 使用往返格式说明符 ＃992 - System.Char数据类型 ＃993 - 角色的一些例子 ＃1,012 - 阵列声明，实例化和初始化的选项 ＃1,013 - 默认运算符返回默认值 ＃1,014 - 在通用类中使用默认运算符 ＃1,015 - 将字节数组渲染为一系列十六进制字符 ＃1,016 - 检索数组的长度 ＃1,025 - 在枚举类型之间转换 ＃1,026 - 检查已标记的枚举类型的有效性 ＃1,045 - 从可空类型分配时的隐式转换 ＃1,046 - 隐式与显式转换 ＃1,047 - 隐式身份转换 ＃1,048 - 签名与无符号之间没有隐式转换 ＃1,049 - 隐式数字转换的完整列表 ＃1,050 - 可空类型之间的隐式转换 ＃1,051 - 隐式参考转换 ＃1,052 - 拳击是一种隐含的转换 ＃1,053 - 类型动态的隐式转换 ＃1,054 - 常量表达式的隐式转换 ＃1,055 - 定义你本身的隐含转换 ＃1,056 - 引用类型之间的自定义隐式转换 ＃1,057 - 自定义显式转换 ＃1,058 - 两个方向的自定义隐式转换 ＃1,059 - 从数字转换为枚举类型 ＃1,060 - 可空类型之间的显式转换 ＃1,061 - 显式引用转换 ＃1,062 - 取消装箱转化 ＃1,063 - 显式转换和类型参数 ＃1,064 - 没法显式转换类型参数 ＃1,065 - 数组协方差不起做用的状况 ＃1,066 - 在通用接口上约束类型参数 ＃1,076 - char类型的隐式数字转换 ＃1,111 - 将整数转换为不一样基数中的字符串 ＃1,198 - 使用具备可空类型的运算符 ＃1,199 - 具备可空类型的平等和不等式 调试 ＃112 - 在调试版本中有条件地编译代码 ＃491 - 使用Debug.WriteLine输出调试信息 列举 ＃555 - 可枚举对象和枚举器 ＃556 - 明确使用枚举器 ＃557 - 使用迭代器返回可枚举类型的元素 ＃558 - 在for循环中使用迭代器 ＃559 - 迭代器能够返回可枚举类型或枚举器 ＃560 - 从迭代器返回一个枚举器 ＃561 - 使用yield break语句 ＃562 - 封面下的迭代器是什么样的 ＃563 - 可枚举类型能够生成多个枚举器 ＃564 - 使用反向方法经过集合向后迭代 ＃565 - 使用迭代器返回一个混洗序列 ＃1,193 - yield语句和try / catch块 ＃1,194 - 一块儿连接迭代器 ＃1,195 - Iterator只生成所需的元素 ＃1,196 - 连接迭代器时使用流畅式语法 ＃1,197 - 迭代器能够生成无限长度的数 活动 ＃368 - 事件如何运做 ＃369 - 多个客户端能够订阅同一事件 ＃370 - 经过添加事件处理程序订阅事件 ＃378 - 实施活动 ＃379 - 对不返回数据的事件使用EventHandler委托 ＃380 - 处理使用EventHandler委托类型的事件 ＃381 - 实现返回某些数据的事件 ＃382 - 处理返回某些数据的事件 ＃383 - 从事件中删除处理程序 ＃384 - 表明和事件之间的区别 ＃386 - 实现静态事件 ＃387 - 静态事件与静态事件处理程序方法 ＃388 - 声明和使用私人活动 ＃389 - 在举办活动前检查无效 ＃390 - 为多个事件使用相同的处理程序 ＃393 - 实施帮助方法来提高事件 ＃394 - 以线程安全的方式提高事件 ＃395 - 覆盖默认添加和删除事件的访问者 ＃1,158 - 活动与表明，第一部分 ＃1,159 - 活动与表明，第二部分 ＃1,160 - 实现接口中定义的事件 ＃1,161 - 界面中事件的显式实现 ＃1,162 - 虚拟事件支持多态性 ＃1,163 - 抽象事件没有实施 ＃1,164 - 没法覆盖密封事件 例外 ＃672 - 从终结器中抛出的异常将被视为未处理的异常 ＃841 - 例外 ＃850 - 可能致使异常的三种错误类型 ＃851 - 处理例外的通常哲学 ＃852 - 例外如何运做 ＃853 - 异常是System.Exception类的实例 ＃854 - 捕捉异常 ＃855 - 抛出异常 ＃856 - 选择要抛出的异常类型 ＃857 - 异常对象包含的内容 ＃858 - 在处理程序中读取异常信息 ＃859 - try块的范围 ＃860 - 异常冒泡调用堆栈 ＃861 - 最终阻止老是执行 ＃862 - 包含catch和finally块的选项 ＃863 - finally块如何使用No catch Block ＃864 - 没有catch块的finally块的示例 ＃865 - catch块指定要捕获的异常类型 ＃866 - 没有参数的catch块捕获全部异常 ＃867 - 包括几个catch块 ＃868 - 首先列出最具体的例外类型 ＃869 - 捕获.NET Framework引起的异常的示例 ＃870 - 捕获异常时执行继续的位置 ＃871 - 未捕获异常时执行继续的位置 ＃872 - 不执行throw语句后的代码 ＃873 - 投掷和捕获例外的完整示例 ＃874 - 能够从构造函数中抛出异常 ＃875 - 在捕获异常后查看调用堆栈 #876 – Unhandled Exceptions #877 – Unhandled Exceptions on Background Threads #878 – Unhandled Exceptions in Static Constructors #879 – Unhandled Exceptions in Finalizers #880 – Catching Different Exception Types at Different Levels #881 – When to Throw Exceptions #882 – What Types of Exceptions to Throw #883 – Re-throwing an Exception #884 – Things You Might Do in an Exception Handler #885 – Getting Information about the Method that Threw an Exception #886 – Setting the HelpLink Property when You Throw an Exception #887 – Report Additional Data when You Throw an Exception #888 – Objects Added to Exception’s Data Dictionary Must Be Serializable #889 – Catching Exceptions that Derive from a Common Base Type #890 – Common System Exception Types that You Might Throw #891 – Example of Throwing a System Exception Type #892 – Creating a Custom Exception Type #893 – A Custom Exception Type Doesn’t Need to Add Custom Data #894 – Creating a Custom Exception Type with Custom Data #895 – Catching a Custom Exception Type #896 – Custom Exceptions Should Be Marked as Serializable #897 – Rules for Creating a Custom Exception Type #898 – Using Code Snippets to Implement a Custom Exception Type #899 – Exception Type Variable in a catch Block Is Optional #900 – What the Exception Object Contains when You Re-throw an Exception #901 – Throwing a New Exception from a catch Block #902 – Data Available to the Handler of a Wrapped Exception #903 – Wrapped Exceptions Can Be Several Levels Deep #904 – Getting the Innermost Wrapped Exception #905 – Examining an Exception’s Stack Trace #906 – Adding Custom Data vs. Using a Custom Exception Type #907 – Exceptions Thrown from Main Are Treated as Unhandled Exceptions ＃908 - 处理未处理的异常 ＃909 - 当一个finally块执行时 ＃910 - finally块的一个示例 ＃911 - 当异常从新出现时，最终阻止执行 ＃912 - Intellisense能够显示方法可能抛出的异常 ＃913 - 如何记录方法能够抛出异常 ＃914 - 在抛出异常时使用调试器中断 ＃915 - 例外能够跨越装配边界 ＃916 - 异常能够跨越.NET语言边界 ＃917 - 腐败的国家例外不正常 ＃918 - 遏制腐败的国家例外 ＃919 - 关于处理腐败国家例外的两次考虑 ＃920 - 发生损坏状态异常时不执行finally块 ＃1,192 - 遵循TryParse模式 输入输出 ＃7 - 从控制台读取和写入 接口 ＃434 - 接口 ＃435 - 实现接口 ＃436 - 接口的实现能够是类的子集 ＃437 - 经过接口变量访问接口成员 ＃438 - 使用接口的好处 ＃440 - 一个类能够实现多个接口 ＃441 - 明确地实现接口成员 ＃442 - 显式接口实现容许重复的成员名称 ＃443 - 接口不能包含字段 ＃444 - 接口能够从其余接口继承 ＃445 - 接口和抽象类之间的差别 ＃446 - 在抽象类和接口之间进行决定 ＃447 - 用做操做符来获取对象的接口 ＃448 - 使用is运算符查看对象是否实现了接口 ＃449 - 您能够将接口变量传递给方法 ＃450 - 接口一般应以字母'I'开头 ＃451 - 明确实现接口以简化类如何出现给客户端 ＃454 - 从方法返回接口做为返回值 ＃455 - 基于类的现有成员定义接口 ＃456 - 显式实现的接口成员自动私有 ＃536 - 使用通用接口 ＃537 - 使用通用类实现通用接口 ＃612 - 接口的成员是隐式公开的 ＃613 - 接口不能包含静态成员 ＃647 - 结构能够实现接口 ＃799 - 接口成员是隐性公开的 ＃1,067 - 协方差和通用接口 ＃1,068 - 通用IEnumerable接口是协变的 ＃1,069 - 逆变和通用接口 记忆 ＃604 - 从不一样线程读取/写入共享数据的问题 ＃605 - 从多个线程读取/写入共享数据的问题的缘由 ＃606 - 使用易失性关键字修复读/写共享数据的问题 ＃607 - 何时须要易变的关键字？ ＃925 - 管理堆 ＃926 - 如何为托管堆上的对象分配内存 ＃927 - 可视化如何在托管堆上建立对象 ＃928 - 如何从托管堆中删除对象 ＃929 - 可视化如何从托管堆中删除对象 ＃930 - 堆上的对象能够互相引用 ＃931 - 具备终结器的对象须要更长时间才能收集垃圾 ＃932 - 当对象变得符合垃圾收集条件时 ＃933 - 垃圾收集器将对象分组到代中 ＃934 - Generations如何帮助垃圾收集器更有效地运行 ＃935 - 在大对象堆上分配大对象 ＃936 - 可视化垃圾收集世代 ＃937 - 强制垃圾收集 ＃938 - 找出对象所在的GC生成 ＃939 - 并不是全部堆上的对象都被提高为下一代GC生成 方法 ＃264 - 默认状况下，参数按值传递 ＃265 - 按值传递引用类型 ＃266 - 您没法阻止方法更改引用类型的内容 ＃267 - 使用输出参数从方法传回数据 ＃268 - 在从方法返回以前，必须设置全部输出参数的值 ＃269 - 在输入/输出参数上使用ref修饰符 ＃270 - 经过引用传递引用类型 ＃271 - 传递参考类型做为输出参数 ＃272 - ref和out参数之间的差别 ＃273 - 参数修饰符摘要 ＃274 - 若是方法仅由ref和out Modifiers不一样，则没法重载 ＃275 - 将结构传递给Method ＃276 - 经过引用传递结构 ＃277 - 将数组传递给方法 ＃278 - 经过引用传递数组 ＃279 - 将多维数组传递给方法 ＃281 - 在类中声明和使用静态方法 ＃282 - 建立私有静态方法 ＃283 - 实例方法能够调用静态方法 ＃284 - 静态方法能够调用实例方法 ＃340 - 使用参数关键字传递可变数量的参数 ＃341 - 定义和使用局部变量 ＃354 - 自动调用正确的重载方法 ＃511 - 使用参数数组的规则 ＃512 - 将数据传递给采用参数数组的方法的两种方法 ＃513 - 一些接受参数数组的熟悉方法 ＃538 - 实现通用方法 ＃539 - 调用通用方法时的类型推断 ＃540 - 通用类中的非通用方法 ＃541 - 通用方法类型参数能够隐藏类级别类型参数 ＃549 - 匿名方法基础 ＃553 - 做为静态或实例方法的匿名方法 ＃554 - 将匿名方法与委托类型匹配的规则 ＃584 - 定义可选参数 ＃585 - 可选参数必须最后 ＃586 - 可选参数的默认值必须是常量 ＃587 - 若是提供，则可选参数必须正确 ＃588 - 默认参数值能够为空 ＃589 - 可选参数必须是输入参数 ＃593 - 使用命名参数 ＃594 - 当你想要使用命名参数时 ＃597 - 从方法返回一个数组 ＃608 - 实例方法可使用静态数据 ＃632 - 部分方法 ＃633 - 部分方法的实现是可选的 ＃634 - 调用没有实现的部分方法 ＃635 - 部分方法的局限性 ＃636 - 部分方法的缘由 ＃637 - 表明能够参考部分方法 ＃638 - 定义和使用部分结构 ＃674 - 若是参数仅由ref修饰符不一样，则能够重载 ＃695 - 静态方法能够访问静态成员 ＃772 - 将数组初始化为方法调用的一部分 ＃774 - 将数组做为out参数传递 ＃802 - 方法可能没有参数 ＃807 - 定义和使用扩展方法 ＃808 - 向扩展方法添加参数 ＃809 - 扩展方法签名不该与类方法匹配 ＃810 - 扩展方法来自何处 ＃811 - 扩展方法只能访问类的公共成员 ＃812 - 为值类型定义扩展方法 ＃813 - 为枚举类型定义扩展方法 ＃814 - 参数与参数 ＃815 - 命名与位置参数 ＃816 - 命名参数和可选参数组合 ＃1,038 - 通用方法的类型参数约束 ＃1,136 - 重载通用方法 ＃1,165 - Lambda Expression Basics ＃1,166 - Lambda表达式语法 ＃1,167 - 将Lambda表达式传递给方法 ＃1,168 - 使用Lambda表达式做为事件处理程序 ＃1,169 - Lambdas取代匿名方法 ＃1,170 - 您没法使用Lambda表达式取消订阅事件 ＃1,171 - Lambda Expression Internals ＃1,172 - Lambda表达式常常与Func和Action一块儿使用 ＃1,173 - Lambda表达式能够只是一个表达式 ＃1,174 - 将Lambda表达式分配给表达式树 ＃1,175 - 表达式树的示例 ＃1,176 - 表达式树如何存储在内存中 ＃1,177 - Lambda表达式能够引用在表达式以外声明的变量 ＃1,178 - 在调用委托时评估捕获的变量 ＃1,179 - 捕获变量的终身匹配表明 ＃1,180 - Lambda表达式能够修改捕获的变量 ＃1,181 - 在Lambda表达式中实例化对象 ＃1,182 - 在Lambda表达式中捕获for循环变量 ＃1,183 - 如何在Lambda表达式中正确捕获for循环变量 ＃1,186 - 在Lambda表达式中捕获foreach迭代变量 ＃1,187 - 添加到调用列表时使用Lambda表达式 ＃1,188 - Lambda Expression能够捕获实例数据 ＃1,189 - Lambda Expression能够捕获静态数据 ＃1,190 - Lambda表达式能够是递归的 ＃1,191 - Lambda没法捕获ref或out参数 杂 ＃453 - 使用反射获取类实现的接口列表 ＃480 - 预处理指令 ＃725 - 倾倒大会中的类型列表 ＃726 - 列出命名空间中的全部类型 ＃727 - 获取程序集中全部命名空间的列表 ＃728 - 转储.NET Framework中的全部类型 ＃729 - 在.NET Framework中转储全部类型，第二部分 ＃731 - 获取有关班级成员的信息 ＃743 - ASCII艺术生成器 ＃745 - 使用ReSharper提升Visual Studio的生产力 ＃748 - 使用GhostDoc工具记录您的代码 ＃749 - 一些C＃设计模式的例子 ＃750 - 使用xUnit.net进行单元测试 ＃757 - 面向对象编程的书籍 ＃942 - 懒惰实例化的案例 ＃943 - 懒惰实例化，解决方案＃1 ＃944 - 懒惰实例化，解决方案＃2 ＃945 - 懒惰实例化，更简单的解决方案 ＃946 - 指定延迟实例化对象是否应该是线程安全的 ＃947 - 使用Lambda表达式指定延迟实例化 ＃984 - 生日问题 ＃1,101 - 数学常数 ＃1,202 - C＃6.0 - 空条件运算符 ＃1,203 - C＃6.0 - 使用Null条件和值类型 ＃1,204 - C＃6.0 - 使用Null-Conditional with Indexer ＃1,205 - C＃6.0 - 在调用委托时使用Null-Conditional ＃1,206 - C＃6.0 - 自动属性初始化器 ＃1,207 - C＃6.0 - 只读属性的自动属性初始值设定项 ＃1,208 - C＃6.0 - 自动属性初始化器能够是任何表达式 ＃1,209 - C＃6.0 - 使用运营商名称 ＃1,210 - C＃6.0 - 主要构造函数 ＃1,211 - C＃6.0 - 为主构造函数添加实现 ＃1,212 - C＃6.0中的特征列表 ＃1,214 - C＃6.0 - 使用带静态类的指令 ＃1,215 - C＃6.0 - 字典初始化器的新语法 ＃1,216 - C＃6.0 - 从构造函数初始化只读自动属性 ＃1,217 - C＃6.0 - 为函数成员使用Lambda表达式 ＃1,218 - C＃6.0 - 将Lambdas用于仅限Getter的自动属性 ＃1,219 - C＃6.0 - 过滤异常 运营商 ＃396 - 做为班级成员的运营商 ＃397 - 定义运营商 ＃398 - 可重载运算符 ＃399 - 重载一元运算符 ＃400 - 重载二元运算符 ＃405 - 等价的等价方法，= =身份的运算符 ＃408 - 重载参考类型的==运算符 ＃409 - 重载==运算符的示例 ＃410 - 为值类型重载==运算符 ＃412 - 重载时的指南==值类型的运算符 ＃414 - 等价能够基于字段子集 ＃415 - 检查浮点数是否相等时要当心 ＃416 - 使用Epsilon比较两个浮点数 ＃419 - 实现IComparable时覆盖关系运算符 ＃575 - 使用is运算符检查引用类型对象的类型 ＃576 - 将is运算符与值类型对象一块儿使用 ＃577 - 使用is运算符检查拆箱转换 ＃578 - 使用as运算符进行类型转换 ＃579 - 用做运算符的典型模式 ＃580 - 运营商能够生成编译时错误 ＃592 - 索引器中的可选参数 ＃1,071 - 一元减号运算符 ＃1,072 - 一元减法运算符如何失败 ＃1,073 - 算术二元运算符是左关联的 ＃1,074 - 在表达式中使用括号使代码更易读 ＃1,075 - 运算符优先级不影响操做数评估顺序 ＃1,100 - 增量和减量运算符不是线程安全的 ＃1,106 - 使用逻辑异或运算符 ＃1,107 - 按位AND运算符 ＃1,108 - 按位OR运算符 ＃1,109 - 按位非运算符 ＃1,110 - 按位异或运算符 ＃1,114 - 不要使用Shift运算符进行乘法运算 ＃1,200 - 逻辑运算符与条件逻辑运算符 ＃1,201 - 将条件逻辑运算符编写为条件 模式 ＃785 - 单身人士模式 ＃786 - 拉齐尔单身人士模式 ＃792 - 当对象的属性发生变化时被通知，第一部分 ＃793 - 当对象的属性发生变化时被通知，第二部分 ＃794 - 更好的INotifyPropertyChanged实施 ＃821 - 工厂模式 ＃822 - 在相关类中嵌入工厂类 ＃823 - 做为单例实现的嵌套工厂类 ＃948 - 使用Generic Lazy Class实现Singleton模式 安全 ＃976 - 在字符串中存储机密数据时的安全问题 ＃977 - 托管字符串的安全问题 ＃978 - 使用SecureString对象存储机密文本数据 ＃979 - 仅在SecureString实例中存储机密数据 ＃980 - 从SecureString中获取数据 声明 ＃157 - 使用while循环迭代 ＃158 - 在执行循环以前评估循环表达式 ＃159 - A While Loop可能永远执行 ＃160 - A while循环能够在中断，转到，返回或抛出语句时退出 ＃161 - 使用continue跳转到while循环的下一个迭代 ＃162 - 执行/ while循环执行至少一次 ＃163 - 使用for循环迭代 ＃164 - 循环子句能够包含语句列表 ＃165 - for循环的任何条款均可能留空 ＃166 - 使用for语句建立无限循环 ＃167 - 使用continue继续跳转到for循环的下一个迭代 ＃168 - 使用if语句有条件地执行代码块 ＃169 - if语句必须始终包含布尔表达式 ＃170 - if语句的else部分 ＃171 - if / else语句能够在正文中包含一个或多个语句 ＃172 - 若是声明嵌套 ＃173 - switch语句 ＃174 - switch语句中的多个案例语句能够共享代码 ＃175 - switch语句的默认子句 ＃176 - Switch语句不会从一个案例到另外一个案例 ＃177 - 在switch语句中使用goto ＃178 - 从switch语句中抛出异常 ＃986 - 使用goto跳转到标签 ＃1,115 - 使用foreach语句迭代集合 ＃1,119 - 迭代变量的范围仅限于foreach的主体 ＃1,120 - foreach循环中的迭代变量是只读的 ＃1,121 - 使用foreach修改集合中的元素 ＃1,122 - 在foreach循环中捕获变量是能够的 ＃1,123 - 使用foreach迭代多维数组 ＃1,124 - 使用嵌套foreach迭代Jagged数组 ＃1,125 - 使用中断和继续声明 ＃1,126 - 重写循环以免继续语句 字符串 ＃14 - C＃中的复合格式字符串 ＃15 - 在复合格式字符串中使用格式项的长列表 ＃16 - 使用一个对象数组做为复合格式字符串 ＃17 - 支持复合格式化的方法 ＃25 - 字符串文字 ＃33 - 字符串类型 ＃60 - 使用Parse从字符串转换为数字类型 ＃61-非默认文化的格式化和解析字符串 ＃62 - 字符串链接 ＃63 - 使用StringBuilder实现更高效的字符串链接 ＃64 - 字符串文字中的转义序列 ＃65 - 逐字字符串文字 ＃66 - 在字符串中包含引号 ＃68 - 字符串平等 ＃69 - 字符串是不可变的 ＃70 - StringBuilder类 ＃71 - StringBuilder容量 ＃95 - ToString（）在执行字符串链接时自动调用 ＃96 - 比较字符串值 ＃97 - 使用其余文化的字符串比较 ＃98 - 使用索引器获取字符串中的特定字符 ＃99 - 使用StringInfo从UTF32字符串中获取特定字符 ＃100 - 使用IndexOf搜索字符串中的字符 ＃101 - 若是字符串包含其余字符串，请使用Contains（）来发现 ＃102 - 使用Substring（）从字符串中提取子字符串 ＃103 - 插入和删除子串 ＃104 - 从字符串中修剪前导和尾随字符的功能 ＃105 - 将字符串函数连接在一块儿 ＃106 - 使用String.Split将字符串解析为子字符串 ＃392 - 使用反向方法反转字符串 ＃422 - 比较字符串时ReferenceEquals的行为方式 ＃478 - 逐字字符串文字能够跨越多行 ＃479 - 相同的字符串文字存储在同一个对象中 ＃773 - 反转包含表示为代理对的Unicode字符的字符串 ＃970 - 检查字符串中的有效字符 ＃1,003 - 在字符串中访问不一样编码的底层字节 ＃1,004 - 将字符串转换为大写或小写 ＃1,005 - 用新的子串替换子串 ＃1,006 - 获取字符串的长度 ＃1,007 - 获取包含代理对的字符串长度 ＃1,008 - 当你忘记字符串是不可改变的时候会发生什么 ＃1,009 - 字符串能够为空或空 ＃1,010 - 检查字符串是空仍是空 ＃1,011 - TryParse指示解析操做是否成功 ＃1,116 - 使用foreach语句迭代字符串 视觉工做室 ＃13 - 在Visual Studio 2010中指定命令行参数 ＃113 - 根据符号有条件地编译代码 ＃114 - 建立新的构建配置 ＃115 - 使用＃if，＃else，＃endif ＃116 - 使用#region指令建立代码区域 ＃300 - 使用XML文档通知Intellisense ＃301 - 在类级别使用XML文档 ＃302 - 生成XML文档文件 ＃439 - 使用Visual Studio实现接口 ＃452 - 对象浏览器显示类实现的接口 ＃474 - 您能够在源代码中包含Unicode字符 ＃481 - Visual Studio中的项目和解决方案 ＃482 - Visual Studio中的基本项目类型 ＃483 - 将新项目添加到现有解决方案 ＃484 - 添加项目引用以使用另外一个项目中的类型 ＃487 - 构建配置容许保存项目属性集 ＃488 - 构建平台容许项目属性定位平台 ＃489 - 自动建立调试和发布配置 ＃490 - 使用DEBUG条件编译符号 ＃492 - 定义本身的条件编译符号 ＃493 - 项目属性特定于构建配置和平台 ＃494 - 选择解决方案级构建配置和平台 ＃495 - 使用Configuration Manager查看解决方案配置 ＃496 - 使用Configuration Manager编辑解决方案配置 ＃497 - 在项目中建立新的构建配置 ＃498 - 建立新的解决方案配置 ＃528 - 类型由对象浏览器中的命名空间组织 ＃591 - 可选参数如何使用Intellisense查看 ＃595 - Intellisense显示方法重载 ＃663 - Visual Studio调试器将调用对象的ToString方法 ＃691 - 使用此关键字触发智能感知 ＃746 - 获取Visual Studio 2012的免费副本 ＃747 - 在Visual Studio 2012中关闭全部Caps Men ＃755 - 直接在解决方案资源管理器中查看类成员 ＃756 - 在Visual Studio 2012中查看类图 ＃758 - 使用文件中的指令进行清理 ＃759 - 从类图中建立新类型 ＃760 - 从类图中添加新的类成员 ＃761 - 使用“类详细信息”窗口建立或修改类型成员 ＃762 - 在.NET Framework中建立包含类型的类图 ＃763 - 修复没法找到类型的类图 ＃764 - 扩展类图中的全部类 ＃765 - 将基类或派生类添加到类图中 ＃766 - 将接口添加到类图 ＃770 - 使用Intellisense获取要覆盖的方法列表 ＃848 - 在Visual Studio中查看调用堆栈 ＃849 - 使用Visual Studio中的调用堆栈在代码中导航 ＃1,184 - 使用指令进行管理，第一部分 ＃1,185 - 使用指令进行管理，第二部分 ＃1,213 - Visual Studio 2014 - 未使用语句灰色

2,000 Things You Should Know About C# blog. Total number of posts = 1,219 Assemblies #11 – Examine IL Using Ildasm.exed #179 – What Is an Assembly? #180 – The CLR Loads Assemblies on Demand #485 – Project References and Dependent Assemblies #486 – Unnecessary Project References Are Ignored #705 – Applications and Class Libraries #706 – An Application Domain Enables Application Isolation Basics #1 – What the Main() Signature Looks Like #2 – The Smallest Possible C# Program #3 – Who Designed C#? #4 – How is C# Different from Java? #5 – How is C# Different from VB.NET? #6 – An Even Smaller C# Program #8 – The Main() Function Can Return an int #9 – Main() Should Not Be Public #10 – The Return Value from Main() Sets ERRORLEVEL Variable in Windows #12 – Read Command Line Arguments #18 – What Is an Identifier? #19 – Contextual Keywords #20 – Literals #21 – Boolean Literals #22 – Integer Literals #23 – Real Literals #24 – Character Literals #26 – Null Literal #27 – Expressions, Operators and Operands #28 – Operator Precedence #29 – Comments #35 – Declaring Variables #36 – Variable Initialization and Definite Assignment #45 – Static Members of a Class #46 – There Is Only One Copy of Static Data #52 – Arithmetic Operators #53 – Modulus #54 – Increment and Decrement Operators #55 – Integer Division Results in Truncation #56 – How to Round When Converting Float to Int #67 – Default Behavior for Reference Type Equality #72 – Hexadecimal Numbers #73 – Bitwise Operators #74 – Shift Operators #75 – New Bits When Shifting #77 – Special Floating Point Values #78 – Check for Special Floating Point Values #79 – Equality Checks for NaN #83 – JIT Compilation in .NET #84 – Viewing Metadata as Source Code #85 – General Structure of a C# Program #86 – Equality and Inequality Operators #87 – Relational Operators #88 – Conditional Operators #89 – The Negation Operator #90 – More Complex Logical Expressions #91 – Conditional Operators Can Short-Circuit Evaluation #92 – The Ternary Conditional Operator #110 – Combining the Arithmetic Operators with the Assignment Operator #111 – Combining the Logical or Shift Operators with the Assignment Operator #117 – Use #define to Define a Symbol #118 – Disabling Specific Compiler Warnings #181 – C# Is Strongly Typed #182 – C# is (Mostly) Strongly Typed #183 – Use var to Tell the Compiler to Figure out the Type #184 – Cheating Type Safety with object Type #185 – The Heap and the Stack #186 – Value Types on the Heap #187 – Everything Is an Object #188 – Objects Are on the Heap, References to Objects Are on the Stack #189 – Memory Management for Stack-Based Objects #190 – Memory Management for Heap-Based Objects #199 – You Can’t Explicitly Delete Heap-Based Objects #200 – Static Data and Constants Are Stored on the Heap #201 – You Can Leak Memory in C# #202 – All Fields in an Object Are Automatically Initialized #204 – Three Rules About Using Implicitly-Typed Variables #205 – Five Kinds of Types That Are User-Definable #206 – Value Types Can’t Represent Null Values #207 – Nullable Types #208 – You Can Make Any Value Type Nullable #209 – Why You’d Want to Store a Null Value in a Variable #222 – C# Is Pronounced “C Sharp” #223 – Enabling Code Analysis for Your Project #224 – One Example of a Problem that Code Analysis Would Catch #225 – Free Static Analysis Using FxCop #371 – Delegate Basics #372 – What Delegates Are Good For #373 – A Delegate Can Refer to More than One Method #374 – A Custom Delegate Derives from System.MulticastDelegate #375 – Using GetInvocationList to Get a List of Individual Delegates #376 – What Happens When an Exception Occurs During Delegate Invocation #377 – Ensure that All of a Delegate’s Methods Are Called by Using GetInvocationList #385 – A Delegate Instance Can Refer to Both Instance and Static Methods #391 – Passing a Delegate Instance as a Parameter #401 – Every Object Inherits an Equals Method #402 – Value Equality vs. Reference Equality #403 – Equals Method vs. == Operator for Reference Types #404 – Equals Method vs. == Operator for Value Types #406 – Overriding the Equals Method #407 – Why You Should Override GetHashCode when Overriding Equals #411 – Overriding the Equals Method for a Value Type #413 – Check for Reference Equality Using Object.ReferenceEquals #417 – Provide a Type-Specific Equals Method for Value Equality #418 – Implementing the IComparable Interface #420 – Laundry List for Implementing Value Equality and IComparable #421 – Value Equality and IComparable Example #424 – The Garbage Collector #425 – Nondeterministic Destruction and Object Finalization #426 – Use a Destructor to Free Unmanaged Resources #427 – Finalizer Gotchas #428 – A Finalizer Should Always Call the Finalizer of Its Base Class #429 – Use the Dispose Pattern for Deterministic Destruction #430 – A Dispose Pattern Example #431 – The using Statement Automates Invocation of the Dispose Method #432 – Initialize Multiple Objects in a using Statement #467 – Metadata #468 – Attributes Allow Adding Metadata to Program Elements #469 – Attaching an Attribute to a Type Member #470 – Defining Your Own Custom Attribute #471 – Reading the Value of an Attribute Using Reflection #472 – Attributes Can Be Attached to a Variety of Elements #473 – Specifying what Type of Elements a Custom Attribute Can Be Applied To #475 – Comments Occuring within String Literals Are Treated as Part of the String #476 – Don’t Use Unicode Escape Sequences in Identifiers #499 – Conditional Compilation Symbols Are Defined or Undefined #500 – #define and #undef Must Be at Top of File #501 – Differences Between #define in C++ and C# #502 – #define and #undef Scope #503 – Conditionally Compile Code Using #if / #endif Directives #504 – Using the #else Directive #505 – Using the #elif Directive #506 – Using Expressions in #if and #elif Directives #507 – You can #define Other Symbols within a #if Block #508 – Using the #error and #warning Directives #509 – Use #pragma warning Directive to Disable Compile-Time Warnings #514 – Examples of Operator Precedence #515 – Binary Operators Are Left-Associative #516 – The Assignment Operator is Right-Associative #518 – Splitting the Implementation of a Class Across Multiple Files #521 – Namespaces Help Organize Types #522 – The Fully Qualified Name for a Type Includes the Namespace #523 – The using Directive Allows Omitting Namespace #524 – All Types Within a Namespace Must Be Unique #525 – Namespaces Can Be Nested #526 – Using Statements Can Alias Nested Namespaces #527 – Defining a Nested Namespace Using Dot Notation #529 – The using Directive Can Create an Alias for a Namespace #530 – Namespaces vs. Assemblies #531 – Best Practices for Naming Namespaces #532 – Using Identically Named Types from Different Assemblies #533 – Alternate Notation for Extern Aliases #535 – Creating a Generic Struct #542 – Conventions for Naming Type Parameters #543 – Operations You Can Perform on a Generically Typed Object #544 – Specifying a Constraint for a Type Parameter #545 – Specifying Constraints for More than One Type Parameter #550 – Anonymous Method Does Not Require Formal Parameters #551 – Use Anonymous Method When Adding to an Invocation List #552 – Anonymous Methods Have Access to Local Variables Where They Are Declared #583 – You Can’t Modify the Iterator Variable Within a foreach Loop #640 – Method Names that You Cannot Use #659 – Get Information About an Object’s Type #660 – The typeof Operator Gets Information About a Type #661 – Every Object Has A ToString Method #662 – Overriding the ToString Method for a Custom Type #664 – Physical Memory vs. Virtual Memory #665 – Maximum Amount of Virtual Memory #666 – Looking at .NET Memory Usage Using Performance Counters #667 – .NET Memory Performance Counters Updated When Garbage Collector Runs #668 – GetTotalMemory Indicates How Much Memory You’ve Allocated #673 – Types Used in using Statement Must Implement IDisposable #689 – References and Objects #707 – More Than One Class in A Program Can Contain A Main Method #709 – A Method Can Redefine a Name Present in Parent Class #710 – Variables Declared in a Block Aren’t Visible Outside of the Block #711 – The Global Namespace #712 – Accessibility Summary #713 – Declare Accessibility Explicitly #714 – Accessibility of a Public Method in an Internal Type #718 – Scope #721 – Local Variable Declarations Can Hide Class Members #722 – Local Variable Declarations May Not Always Hide Class Members #724 – Fully Qualified Names for Types #730 – Check for null Before Iterating Using foreach Statement #732 – Destruction vs. Collection #733 – How to Tell If an Object Has Been Garbage Collected #734 – Accessing the Original Object Referenced through a WeakReference #735 – Don’t Trust WeakReference.IsAlive If It Returns true #736 – Target of a WeakReference Will Be null after Garbage Collection #738 – You Shouldn’t Explicitly Force Garbage Collection #740 – Short vs. Long Weak References #771 – Summary of System.Object Members #803 – Situations When You Might Use the var Keyword #804 – Tradeoffs when Using the var Keyword #805 – An Example of Discretionary Use of the var Keyword #806 – An Example of Mandatory Use of the var Keyword #846 – A Call Stack Keeps Track of Methods that Have Been Called #847 – How the Call Stack Works #921 – Objects Are Explicitly Created but Automatically Destroyed #922 – Ways in Which References to an Object Are Released #923 – An Object Isn’t Necessarily Deleted as Soon as It’s Dereferenced #924 – You Shouldn’t Normally Worry about Memory Management #940 – Finalizers Are Called when an Application Shuts Down #941 – Checking to See If Objects Are Disposable #949 – What’s in Which Version of C# #950 – C# Has a Unified Type System #951 – Not Every Type Derives from object #952 – Type Safety #953 – Static Typing vs. Dynamic Typing #954 – Static Typing vs. Strongly Typed #955 – C# Is a Managed Language #956 – The Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) #957 – Naming Files that Contain C# Code #958 – Naming Conventions for Identifiers #959 – Don’t Use Double Underscores at the Start of an Identifier #960 – Conventions for Naming Classes #961 – Retrieving Command Line and Path to Executable #962 – Statements Can Span Multiple Lines #963 – Use Braces to Enclose a Block of Statements #964 – Declaring a Variable within a Block of Statements #965 – Indent Code to Improve Readability #966 – Visual Studio Code Editor Helps with Indenting #967 – Assigning a Value to a Variable #968 – Reading a Value from a Variable #969 – Creating a Simple Console Application #971 – Reading a Line of Input from the Console #972 – Reading Keystrokes from the Console #973 – Format Items in Composite Format Strings Can Be in Any Order #974 – Well Written Code Includes Well Written Comments #975 – Guidelines for Commenting Your Code #981 – Full List of C# Keywords #985 – Why It’s Useful for Conditional Operators to Short-Circuit Evaluation #987 – The using Directive Can Create an Alias for a Type #988 – Using global to Explicitly Refer to a Namespace #989 – Formatting Numbers as Hexadecimal #990 – Converting Hexadecimal Strings to Numeric Data #994 – Unicode Basics #995 – Unicode Code Points #996 – UTF-16 Encoding, Part I #997 – UTF-16 Encoding, Part II #998 – UTF-8 Encoding #999 – Some Examples of UTF-16 and UTF-8 Encoding #1,000 – UTF-8 and ASCII #1,001 – Representing Unicode Surrogate Pairs #1,002 – Specifying Character Encoding when Writing to a File #1,017 – Delegate Types vs. Delegate Instances #1,018 – Delegate Invocation Syntax #1,019 – Syntax for Adding Methods to a Delegate’s Invocation List #1,020 – Removing Methods from a Delegate’s Invocation List #1,021 – What Happens to a Delegate’s Return Value #1,022 – How to Use Return Values from All Delegate Instances #1,077 – The Decimal Numeral System #1,078 – The Hexadecimal Numeral System #1,079 – The Binary Numeral System #1,080 – Binary Numerals Written as Hexadecimal #1,081 – Bits, Bytes and Nibbles #1,082 – Big-endian and Little-endian #1,083 – Using Visual Studio to Verify Little-Endianness #1,084 – Representing Numbers Using Scientific Notation #1,085 – Binary Floating Point Numbers #1,086 – Converting Decimal Floating Point to Binary Floating Point #1,087 – Representing Binary Floating Point Numbers Using Scientific Notation #1,088 – How 32-Bit Floating Point Numbers Are Stored in .NET, part I #1,089 – How 32-Bit Floating Point Numbers Are Stored in .NET, part II #1,090 – Using Visual Studio to Verify How Floating Point Numbers Are Stored #1,091 – Subnormal Floating Point Numbers #1,092 – Positive and Negative Zero #1,093 – How Positive and Negative Zero Values Are Stored #1,094 – Positive and Negative Infinity #1,095 – How Floating Point Infinity Values Are Stored #1,096 – Floating Point NaN Values #1,097 – Summary of how Floating Point Numbers Are Stored in .NET #1,098 – Floating Point Overflow #1,099 – Overloading the Increment Operator #1,102 – Scope vs. Declaration Space #1,103 – A Block Defines Both Scope and Declaration Space #1,104 – Can’t Re-Declare a Variable within a Nested Block #1,105 – Re-Declaring a Class-Level Variable within a Method #1,112 – How Integers Are Stored in .NET #1,113 – Addition of Integers Using Twos Complement #1,127 – Where to Find Compiler Warning Numbers #1,128 – Disable a Compile-Time Warning for Entire Project #1,149 – Generic Delegate Types #1,150 – Generic Delegate Type as Parameter #1,151 – The Func Delegate Type #1,152 – The Action Delegate Type #1,153 – Different Delegate Types Are Not Assignment Compatible #1,154 – Input Parameter Compatibility when Assigning to Delegate Types #1,155 – Return Value Compatibility when Assigning to Delegate Types #1,156 – Covariance and Generic Delegate Types #1,157 – Contravariance and Generic Delegate Types Classes #141 – Implementing ICloneable for a Custom Type #143 – An Example of Implementing ICloneable for Deep Copies #144 – Using Serialization to Implement Deep Copying #226 – Classes and Objects #227 – Instances of Classes Are Created on the Heap #228 – Object-Oriented Programming in C# Using Classes #229 – The Core Principles of Object-Oriented Programming #230 – User-Defined Types Are First Class Citizens #231 – Declaring and Using Instance Fields in a Class #232 – Declaring and Using Instance Methods in a Class #233 – Returning a Result from an Instance Method #234 – Multiple return Statements #235 – return Statement Is Not Needed for void Methods #236 – Returning a Reference Type from a Method #237 – Referencing Class Fields from Within One of its Methods #238 – Call a Method from Another Method #239 – The this Reference #240 – Private and Public Instance Data in a Class #241 – Declaring and Using Private Instance Methods #242 – Declaring and Using a Property in a Class #243 – Property Get and Set Accessors #244 – Defining a Get Accessor for a Property #245 – Defining a Set Accessor for a Property #246 – Implementing a Read-Only Property #247 – Implementing a Write-Only Property #248 – Implementing a Property that Returns a Calculated Value #249 – Using a get Accessor to Clean up Property Data #250 – Using a set Accessor to Convert or Validate Property Data #251 – Class Properties Support the Principle of Encapsulation #252 – Automatic Properties #253 – Implementing a Read-Only Automatic Property #254 – Implementing a Read-Only Property with a Private Set Accessor #255 – Static Fields vs. Instance Fields #256 – Using Static Fields #257 – Private Static Fields #258 – Initializing a Static Variable as Part of Its Declaration #259 – Static vs. Instance Properties #260 – How Properties Look Under-the-Covers #261 – How Automatic Properties Look Under-the-Covers #262 – Passing Data to a Method Using Parameters #263 – A Method’s Signature Must Be Unique Within Its Type #285 – Class Member Overview #286 – A Constructor is Called When an Instance of a Class Is Created #287 – You Don’t Have to Define a Constructor #288 – Passing Arguments to a Constructor #289 – You Can Define Multiple Constructors #290 – Chaining Constructors #291 – No Default Constructor if You Define any Constructors #292 – A Static Constructor Initializes Static Data #293 – You Can Declare a Private Constructor #294 – Make All Constructors Private to Prevent Object Creation #295 – When Is a Static Constructor Called? #299 – Intellisense Shows You Available Constructors #303 – Accessibility of Class Members #304 – Private Class Members #305 – Public Class Members #306 – Protected Class Members #307 – Internal Class Members #308 – Protected Internal Class Members #309 – Accessing Protected Members In a Derived Class #310 – Accessibility of Fields in a Class #311 – Accessibility of Properties in a Class #312 – Accessibility of Methods in a Class #313 – Accessibility of Constructors in a Class #314 – Access Modifiers Are Not Allowed on Static Constructors #315 – Accessibility of Static Methods and Properties #322 – Class Accessibility #323 – A Generic Class is a Template for a Class #324 – A Generic Class Can Have More than One Type Parameter #325 – Intellisense Understands Generic Classes #326 – Generic Type vs. Constructed Type #329 – A Class Can Inherit Data and Behavior from Another Class #330 – Derived Classes Do Not Inherit Constructors #331 – Calling a Base Class Constructor Implicitly vs. Explicitly #332 – Every Class Inherits from Exactly One Class #333 – Class Inheritance Leads to a Hierarchy of Classes #334 – A Base Class Variable Can Refer to Instances of Derived Classes #335 – Accessing a Derived Class Using a Base Class Variable #336 – Declaring and Using a readonly Field #337 – Declaring and Using Static readonly Fields #338 – Static Readonly Fields vs. Constants #339 – Readonly Fields vs. Read-Only Properties #342 – Using a Static Variable to Count Instances of a Class #343 – Use the new Keyword to Replace a Method in a Base Class #344 – Hidden Base Class Member Is Invoked Based on Declared Type of Object #345 – Method in Derived Class Hides Base Class Method by Default #346 – Polymorphism #347 – Another Example of Polymorphism #348 – Virtual Methods Support Polymorphism #349 – The Difference Between Virtual and Non-Virtual Methods #350 – Method Modifiers Required for Polymorphic Behavior #351 – An Abstract Method Has No Implementation #352 – You Can’t Instantiate an Abstract Class #353 – Why You Might Define an Abstract Class #355 – Use the new Keyword to Replace a Property in a Base Class #356 – Hidden Base Class Property Is Used Based on Declared Type of Object #357 – Property in Derived Class Hides Base Class Property by Default #358 – Virtual Properties Support Polymorphism #359 – The Difference Between Virtual and Non-Virtual Properties #360 – Property Modifiers Required for Polymorphic Behavior #361 – An Abstract Property Has No Implementation #362 – Defining an Indexer #363 – An Indexer Can Have Both get and set Accessors #364 – Defining an Indexer whose Parameter Is an Enumerated Type #365 – Overloading an Indexer #366 – Defining an Indexer with More than One Parameter #517 – Static Classes #534 – What Good Are Generics? #546 – Specifying More than One Constraint for the Same Type Parameter #547 – Things That Can Serve as Type Parameter Constraints #548 – No More Than One Class for a Type Parameter Constraint #567 – Wider vs. Narrower Types #570 – Assignment Compatibility for Reference Types #590 – Optional Parameters in Constructors #601 – A Class Can Both Inherit from A Parent Class and Implement an Interface #602 – Initializing Fields in a Class #603 – Using Constants Can Force Recompilation #609 – Omit the Class Name for Static Members in the Same Class #610 – Lazy Evaluation in Property Get Accessors #614 – Subclass Accessibility #615 – You Can’t Remove a Base Class Member #616 – Base Class Needs to Know If Polymorphism Is Desired #617 – The Simplest Way to Call a Method in a Base Class #618 – Use the base Keyword to Call A Method in the Base Class #619 – Calling the Constructor in a Base Class #620 – Inherit from a Class In A Different Assembly #621 – Sealing a Class to Prevent Inheritance #622 – Sealing vs. Not Sealing #623 – Defining One Type Inside Another Type #624 – Accessibility of a Nested Class #625 – Reference a Nested Type Using Dot Notation #626 – Nested Type Options #627 – Accessibility of Nested Types in a struct or a class #628 – Why You Might Create a Nested Type #629 – Nested Types Have Full Access to Members in Parent #630 – Nested Type May Hide Member in Outer Class #631 – Code-Generation Tools and Partial Classes #639 – Static Class Can Contained Nested Non-Static Class #648 – Using an Object Initializer #649 – Creating an Anonymous Type #655 – Initializing Only Some Properties with An Object Initializer #656 – Nested Object Initializers #669 – Initializing Fields by Calling A Method #670 – Static vs. Instance Initialization #671 – A Base Class Constructor Can Call a Virtual Method #675 – Polymorphic Behavior Requires virtual / override Combination #676 – An Overridden Method Can Itself Be Overridden #677 – Method Marked with new Modifier Cannot Be Overridden #678 – A Sealed Method Cannot Be Overridden #679 – Hide An Inherited Method with A Virtual Method #680 – Virtual Modifier Combinations #681 – Avoid Using the new Keyword To Hide Methods #682 – The Real Reason for the new Keyword #683 – Two Ways an Object Can Behave Polymorphically #684 – Hidden Base Class Members Aren’t Really Hidden #685 – Inheritance Can Break Encapsulation #686 – Inheritance vs. Containment #687 – An Example of Containment #688 – Aggregation, Composition and Containment #690 – Using the this Keyword To Distinguish Between Fields and Parameters #692 – Two Approaches for Optional Parameters in Constructors #693 – Named Arguments in Constructors Allow the Most Flexibility #694 – Sequence of Events for Chained Constructors #696 – Using a Static Property to Count Instances #697 – Encapsulation is Managed through the Use of Access Modifiers #698 – Type Members Are Implicitly Private #699 – Types Are Implicitly Internal #700 – Using a set Accessor To Enforce Casing #701 – Centralize Business Rules Logic in set Accessors #702 – An Automatic Property Must Define Both get and set Accessors #703 – Object Initializers Allow Setting Either Fields or Properties #704 – Using an Object Initializer with Any Constructor #708 – A Name Must Be Unique Within A Declaration Space #715 – Private Members Are Not Visible in a Derived Class #716 – How Derived Classes Can Access Protected Members #717 – Class Members Can’t Be More Accessible Than Their Type #719 – Location of Declarations within A Class Doesn’t Matter #720 – Location of Declarations within A Method Does Matter #723 – New Methods in Subclass May Not Be Visible in Derived Classes #737 – When to Implement a Finalizer #739 – Avoid Accessing an Object After Its Been Finalized #741 – The Basics of Inheritance #742 – A Simple Example of Inheritance #744 – The Purpose of Inheritance #751 – Inheritance Only Partially Preserves Encapsulation #752 – C# Does Not Support Multiple Inheritance #753 – Implicitly Upcast to a Base Class Reference #754 – Downcast to a Reference to a Derived Class #768 – When to Call the Constructor of a Base Class #769 – Pattern – Call a Base Class Method When You Override It #783 – When to Create a Static Class #784 – When Not to Use a Static Class #787 – Avoid Public Fields in a Class #788 – A Backing Field Stores Data for a Property #790 – Property get and set Accessors Can Have Different Access Modifiers #791 – Properties Are Not Variables #795 – Rules for Creating an Immutable Class #796 – Default Accessibility for Property Accessors #797 – Setting Accessibility for Property Accessors #798 – You Can’t Override Accessors that Are Not Accessible #800 – A Property in an Interface May Include One or Two Accessors #801 – An Example of a Simple Immutable Class #817 – What Happens When a Static Constructor Throws an Exception #818 – What Happens When an Instance Constructor Throws an Exception #819 – A Private Constructor May Prevent Inheritance #820 – A Protected Constructor Allows a Subclass to Create Instances #824 – A Copy Constructor Makes a Copy of an Existing Object #825 – Shallow Copies #826 – Deep Copies #827 – Making a Deep Copy with a Copy Constructor #828 – Implementing Both a Copy Constructor and ICloneable #829 – Add Comments to Indicate Shallow vs. Deep Copying #830 – The Problem with ICloneable #831 – Implementing a Copy Constructor in a Derived Class #832 – The Sequence in Which Finalizers Are Called #1, 023 – Fields Are Initialized Before Execution of Constructors #1,024 – Exposing internal Members to Another Assembly #1,027 – Type Parameters vs. Type Arguments in a Generic Class #1,028 – Generic Types vs. Generic Methods #1,029 – How to Define a Constructor in a Generic Type #1,030 – Requiring Generic Type Parameters to Derive from a Specified Class #1,031 – Requiring Generic Type Parameters to Implement an Interface #1,032 – Requiring Generic Type Parameters to Be a Reference or Value Type #1,033 – Requiring a Generic Type Parameter to Have a Parameterless Constructor #1,034 – Making One Type Parameter Depend on Another #1,035 – Summary of Type Parameter Constraints #1,036 – Specifying Multiple Type Parameter Constraints #1,037 – Specifying Type Parameter Constraints for More than One Type Parameter #1,039 – Deriving from a Generic Class #1,040 – Deriving from a Constructed Type #1,041 – Adding New Type Parameters when You Derive from a Generic Class #1,042 – Deriving from a Self-Referencing Constructed Type, Part I #1,043 – Deriving from a Self-Referencing Constructed Type, part II #1,044 – How Static Data Behaves in Generic Types #1,070 – A Generic Type Can Be Compiled #1,134 – Use “of” Terminology for Generics #1,135 – Overloading a Generic Class #1,137 – Generic Methods in Non-Generic Classes #1,138 – Type Parameters in Generic Methods Can Be Constrained #1,139 – The Problem with Comparisons of Objects in Generic Types #1,140 – Comparing Reference-Typed Objects in Generic Types #1,141 – Reference Equality Used Even when Overload Available for Typed Parameter #1,142 – Using EqualityComparer to Compare Objects in Generic Types #1,143 – Implement IEquatable in a Generic Type #1,144 – Getting Type Information about a Generic Type #1,145 – Using Reflection on Generic Type Parameters #1,146 – Generics Don’t Support Covariance #1,147 – Why Generics Don’t Support Covariance #1,148 – When to Use a Generic Covariant Interface Collections #423 – Compare Two Lists Using SequenceEquals #842 – The Stack Data Type #843 – Using the Generic Stack Class #844 – The Queue Data Type #845 – Using the Generic Queue Class #1,117 – foreach Requires IEnumerable Implementation #1,118 – foreach Works with Iterator Returned by yield #1,129 – Generic Dictionary Basics #1,130 – Checking to See if a Generic Dictionary Already Contains a Key #1,131 – Example of Using a Generic Dictionary #1,132 – Using a SortedDictionary #1,133 – Initializing a Dictionary with a Collection Initializer Data Types #30 – Types, Variables, Values, Instances #31 – Value Types and Reference Types #32 – Built-In Types #34 – The object Type #37 – All Value Types Have a Default Constructor #38 – Data Type Hierarchy #39 – MinValue / MaxValue for Numeric Types #40 – TrueString and FalseString #41 – Instantiating Reference Types #42 – Interacting With an Object #43 – Objects Are Instantiated on the Heap #44 – Multiple References to the Same Object #47 – Numeric Conversions Through Casting #48 – How Explicit Casts Fail #49 – When to Use the Decimal Type #50 – Static Methods of System.Char #51 – Float Literals Must Use f Suffix #57 – Overflow on Integer Operations #58 – Generate Exceptions on Integer Overflow Using Checked Operator #59 – Using Unchecked Keyword to Avoid Overflow Exceptions #76 – Arithmetic Operations with Small Integers #80 – Use Decimal Type for Monetary Calculations #81 – DateTime and TimeSpan Types #82 – Some Common DateTime and TimeSpan Functions #93 – Escape Sequences in Character Literals #94 – Converting Between Char and Numeric Types #107 – Defining and Using a Struct #108 – Defining a Constructor for a Struct #109 – Defining and Using Enums #119 – Arrays #120 – Array Declaration and Instantiation #121 – Array Initialization #122 – Arrays Can Contain Any Type of Object #123 – Storing Arbitrary Objects in an Array #124 – Declaring and Instantiating Multidimensional Arrays #125 – Initializing Multidimensional Arrays #126 – Initializing Arrays of Reference-Type Objects #127 – Declaring and Instantiating Jagged Arrays #128 – Accessing Elements in Jagged Arrays #129 – Initializing Jagged Arrays #130 – Default Values of Array Elements #131 – Arrays Derive from System.Array #132 – Arrays That Are Both Multidimensional and Jagged #133 – An Array’s Length is Fixed #134 – Sorting One-Dimensional Arrays #135 – Implement IComparable to Allow Sorting a Custom Type #136 – Sorting an Array of Values Based on an Array of Keys #137 – Sorting an Array Using an Independent Comparer Method #138 – Searching a Sorted Array #139 – Using the Array.Clone Method to Make a Shallow Copy of an Array #140 – Making a Deep Copy of an Array Using an Object’s Clone Method #142 – Implement ICloneable All the Way Down for Deep Copies #145 – Using Array.Find to Search an Unsorted Array #146 – Using Array.FindAll to Find a Set of Matching Elements in an Array #147 – Getting the Average of an Array of Numbers #148 – Getting the Average of an Array of Custom Objects #149 – Using IEnumerable.Aggregate to Perform a Calculation Based on All Elements in an Array #150 – Other Aggregate Functions You Can Apply to Numeric Arrays #151 – Determining Whether an Array Contains a Specific Element #152 – Remove Duplicate Array Entries Using Distinct() Method #153 – Returning a Subset of Array Elements Matching a Particular Criteria #154 – Using an Invalid Array Index Causes an Exception to Be Thrown #155 – Iterating Through An Array Using the foreach Statement #156 – Using break and continue in foreach Loops #191 – Changing the Underlying Type of an enum #192 – Using Non-Default Constant Values for Enumeration Members #193 – An Enum Type’s ToString Method Displays the Member’s Name #194 – Storing a Set of Boolean Values as Bits #195 – Using an Enum Type to Store a Set of Flags #196 – Using the ToString() Method on a Flags-Based Enum Type #197 – Checking an Enumerated Value for the Presence of a Flag #198 – Enumeration Values That Set Combinations of Flags #203 – It’s Good Practice to Always Have a 0-Valued Enumeration Constant #210 – Checking to See Whether a Nullable Object Has a Value #211 – Using the Null-Coalescing (??) Operator #212 – Using Several Null-Coalescing (??) Operators in the Same Expression #213 – Final Operand When Using Null-Coalescing (??) Operator #214 – Using the Null-Coalescing (??) Operator with Reference Types #215 – Using the Null-Coalescing (??) Operator with Custom Nullable Types #216 – Null-Coalescing (??) Operator Is Equivalent to GetValueOrDefault Method #217 – T? Is Equivalent to Nullable<T> #218 – Store Value-Typed Objects on the Heap Through Boxing #219 – Unboxing a Boxed Object #220 – Boxing Can Happen Automatically #221 – When Unboxing, You Must Match the Original Type Exactly #280 – Implicitly-Typed Arrays #296 – You Must Assign a Value to All Fields Before Using a struct #297 – Three Different Ways to Initialize the Contents of a struct #298 – A struct Can Have Several Constructors #316 – Declaring and Using Constants #317 – Constants Can Be Class Members #318 – You Can’t Use the static Modifier On a Constant #319 – You Initialize a Constant Using an Expression #320 – The Constant Expression for a Reference-Typed Constant Must Be Null #321 – Accessibility of Constants #327 – Assigning a struct to a New Variable Makes a Copy #328 – Copying a struct Will Not Copy Underlying Reference Types #367 – Iterating through All Possible Values of an Enumeration Type #433 – All structs Inherit from System.ValueType #457 – Converting Between enums and their Underlying Type #458 – Errors While Converting Between enum and Underlying Type #459 – Assigning a Value of a Different Type to an enum #460 – Converting from a String to an Enum Type #461 – Enumeration Elements Don’t Need to Be Sequential #462 – Duplicate Enumerators in an Enumerated Type #463 – Enumerated Values Can Be Any Constant Expression #464 – Getting an Enumeration’s Underlying Type at Runtime #465 – Dumping All Names and Values for an Enumerated Type #466 – Explicitly Assigning Only Some Enumerated Values #477 – Full List of Escape Sequences for Character Literals #510 – Declaring More than One Local Variable On the Same Line #519 – Differences Between structs and classes #520 – Choosing Between a struct and a Class #566 – Implicit Conversions to Nullable Types #568 – Array Covariance #569 – Assignment Compatibility #571 – Covariance in Programming Languages #572 – Why Array Covariance Is Called Covariance #573 – Array Covariance Doesn’t Apply to Value Types #574 – The Problem with Array Covariance #581 – Boxing and Unboxing Nullable Types #582 – Use the as Operator to Unbox to a Nullable Type #596 – Implicitly-Typed Arrays and Best Type Inference #598 – Clearing an Array or a Subset of an Array #599 – Copying an Array Onto Another Array #600 – Reversing the Elements in an Array #611 – Accessibility of Members in a struct #641 – Using the this Keyword in a struct #642 – Reassigning the this Pointer in a struct #643 – The Constructor for a struct Must Initialize All Data Members #644 – Chaining struct Constructors #645 – You Can Chain to the Default Constructor for a struct #646 – Value Types Don’t Have Finalizers #650 – Creating an Array of Anonymously-Typed Objects #651 – Passing an Anonymously-Typed Object to a Method #652 – Using Expressions and Variables in Anonymous Type Declarations #653 – Projection Initializers #654 – You Can’t Use an Anonymous Type Directly #657 – Boxing Makes a Copy of An Object #658 – What Boxing and Unboxing Look Like in IL #767 – A struct Is Implicitly Sealed #775 – Copying an Array of Anonymously-Typed Objects #776 – Declaring and Using Nullable structs #777 – A struct Isn’t Mutable When Used as a Property #778 – A struct Isn’t Mutable When Used in a Collection #779 – Methods in struct that Modify Elements Can Be Dangerous #780 – The Case for Immutable structs #781 – A struct Can Implement an Interface #782 – You Can Create an Instance of a struct Without the new Keyword #789 – Grouping Constants into Their Own Class #833 – Some Examples of Anonymous Object Initializers #834 – Use a Generic List to Store a Collection of Objects #835 – A Generic List Can Store Value-Typed or Reference-Typed Objects #836 – Initializing a Generic List with an Object Initializer #837 – Object Initializers within Collection Initializers #838 – Object and Collection Initializers as Parameters #839 – Anonymous Type Limitations #840 – Use an Anonymous Type as a Read-Only Subset of an Object #982 – An Enum Type Can Store a Maximum of 32 Flags #983 – Using a BitArray to Store a Large Collection of Boolean Values #991 – Using the Round-Trip Format Specifier #992 – The System.Char Data Type #993 – Some Examples of Characters #1,012 – Options for Array Declaration, Instantiation and Initialization #1,013 – default Operator Returns Default Values #1,014 – Using default Operator in a Generic Class #1,015 – Rendering a Byte Array as a Series of Hex Characters #1,016 – Retrieving the Length of an Array #1,025 – Converting between enum Types #1,026 – Checking a Flagged enum Type for Validity #1,045 – Implicit Conversions When Assigning from a Nullable Type #1,046 – Implicit vs. Explicit Conversions #1,047 – The Implicit Identity Conversion #1,048 – No Implicit Conversions between Signed vs. Unsigned #1,049 – Full List of Implicit Numeric Conversions #1,050 – Implicit Conversions between Nullable Types #1,051 – Implicit Reference Conversions #1,052 – Boxing Is a Kind of Implicit Conversion #1,053 – Implicit Conversion from Type dynamic #1,054 – Implicit Conversions from Constant Expressions #1,055 – Defining Your Own Implicit Conversions #1,056 – Custom Implicit Conversions between Reference Types #1,057 – Custom Explicit Conversions #1,058 – Custom Implicit Conversions in Both Directions #1,059 – Converting from Numeric to Enumerated Types #1,060 – Explicit Conversions between Nullable Types #1,061 – Explicit Reference Conversions #1,062 – Unboxing Conversions #1,063 – Explicit Conversions and Type Parameters #1,064 – Getting Around Inability to Explicitly Convert Type Parameters #1,065 – Cases When Array Covariance Doesn’t Work #1,066 – Constraining a Type Parameter on a Generic Interface #1,076 – Implicit Numeric Conversions from the char Type #1,111 – Converting an Integer to a String in a Different Base #1,198 – Using Operators with Nullable Types #1,199 – Equality and Inequality with Nullable Types Debugging #112 – Conditionally Compiling Code in Debug Builds #491 – Use Debug.WriteLine to Output Debug Information Enumeration #555 – Enumerable Objects and Enumerators #556 – Using an Enumerator Explicitly #557 – Using an Iterator to Return the Elements of an Enumerable Type #558 – Using an Iterator Within a for Loop #559 – An Iterator Can Return an Enumerable Type or an Enumerator #560 – Returning an Enumerator from an Iterator #561 – Using a yield break Statement #562 – What an Iterator Looks Like Under the Covers #563 – Enumerable Types Can Generate Multiple Enumerators #564 – Use the Reverse Method to Iterate Backwards through a Collection #565 – Using an Iterator to Return A Shuffled Sequence #1,193 – yield Statement and try/catch Blocks #1,194 – Chaining Iterators Together #1,195 – Iterator Produces Only as Many Elements as Are Needed #1,196 – Using Fluent-Style Syntax when Chaining Iterators #1,197 – Iterator Can Generate Enumerable of Infinite Length Events #368 – How Events Work #369 – Multiple Clients Can Subscribe to the Same Event #370 – Subscribe to an Event by Adding an Event Handler #378 – Implementing an Event #379 – Using the EventHandler Delegate for Events that Return No Data #380 – Handling Events that Use the EventHandler Delegate Type #381 – Implementing an Event that Returns Some Data #382 – Handling an Event that Returns Some Data #383 – Removing a Handler from an Event #384 – The Difference Between Delegates and Events #386 – Implementing a Static Event #387 – Static Events vs. Static Event Handler Methods #388 – Declaring and Using Private Events #389 – Check for Null Before Raising an Event #390 – Using the Same Handler for Multiple Events #393 – Implement a Helper Method to Raise an Event #394 – Raising an Event in a Thread-Safe Manner #395 – Overriding the Default add and remove Accessors for an Event #1,158 – Events vs. Delegates, part I #1,159 – Events vs. Delegates, part II #1,160 – Implementing Events Defined in an Interface #1,161 – Explicit Implementation of Events in Interface #1,162 – Virtual Events Support Polymorphism #1,163 – An Abstract Event Has No Implementation #1,164 – A Sealed Event Cannot Be Overridden Exceptions #672 – An Exception Thrown From a Finalizer Will Be Treated as an Unhandled Exception #841 – Exceptions #850 – Three Types of Errors that Can Lead to Exceptions #851 – A General Philosophy for Handling Exceptions #852 – How Exceptions Work #853 – An Exception Is an Instance of the System.Exception Class #854 – Catching an Exception #855 – Throwing an Exception #856 – Choosing an Exception Type to Throw #857 – What an Exception Object Contains #858 – Reading Exception Information in a Handler #859 – The Scope of a try Block #860 – Exceptions Bubble up the Call Stack #861 – A finally Block Always Executes #862 – Options for Including catch and finally Blocks #863 – How a finally Block Works with No catch Block #864 – An Example of a finally Block with No catch Block #865 – A catch Block Specifies the Type of Exception to Catch #866 – A catch Block Without Arguments Catches All Exceptions #867 – Including Several catch Blocks #868 – List Most Specific Exception Types First #869 – Example of Catching an Exception Thrown by the .NET Framework #870 – Where Execution Continues when an Exception Is Caught #871 – Where Execution Continues when an Exception Is Not Caught #872 – Code After a throw Statement Is Not Executed #873 – Full Example of Throwing and Catching an Exception #874 – An Exception Can Be Thrown from a Constructor #875 – Looking at the Call Stack after Catching an Exception #876 – Unhandled Exceptions #877 – Unhandled Exceptions on Background Threads #878 – Unhandled Exceptions in Static Constructors #879 – Unhandled Exceptions in Finalizers #880 – Catching Different Exception Types at Different Levels #881 – When to Throw Exceptions #882 – What Types of Exceptions to Throw #883 – Re-throwing an Exception #884 – Things You Might Do in an Exception Handler #885 – Getting Information about the Method that Threw an Exception #886 – Setting the HelpLink Property when You Throw an Exception #887 – Report Additional Data when You Throw an Exception #888 – Objects Added to Exception’s Data Dictionary Must Be Serializable #889 – Catching Exceptions that Derive from a Common Base Type #890 – Common System Exception Types that You Might Throw #891 – Example of Throwing a System Exception Type #892 – Creating a Custom Exception Type #893 – A Custom Exception Type Doesn’t Need to Add Custom Data #894 – Creating a Custom Exception Type with Custom Data #895 – Catching a Custom Exception Type #896 – Custom Exceptions Should Be Marked as Serializable #897 – Rules for Creating a Custom Exception Type #898 – Using Code Snippets to Implement a Custom Exception Type #899 – Exception Type Variable in a catch Block Is Optional #900 – What the Exception Object Contains when You Re-throw an Exception #901 – Throwing a New Exception from a catch Block #902 – Data Available to the Handler of a Wrapped Exception #903 – Wrapped Exceptions Can Be Several Levels Deep #904 – Getting the Innermost Wrapped Exception #905 – Examining an Exception’s Stack Trace #906 – Adding Custom Data vs. Using a Custom Exception Type #907 – Exceptions Thrown from Main Are Treated as Unhandled Exceptions #908 – Handling Unhandled Exceptions #909 – When a finally Block Executes #910 – One Example of a finally Block #911 – finally Block Execution When Exception Is Rethrown #912 – Intellisense Can Show Exceptions that a Method Might Throw #913 – How to Document that a Method Can Throw an Exception #914 – Using the Debugger to Break when an Exception Is Thrown #915 – An Exception Can Cross Assembly Boundaries #916 – Exception Can Cross .NET Language Boundaries #917 – Corrupted State Exceptions Are Not Normally Caught #918 – Catching Corrupted State Exceptions #919 – Think Twice about Handling Corrupted State Exceptions #920 – A finally Block Is Not Executed When a Corrupted State Exception Occurs #1,192 – Following the TryParse Pattern Input/Output #7 – Reading and Writing from the Console Interfaces #434 – Interfaces #435 – Implementing an Interface #436 – The Implementation of an Interface Can Be a Subset of the Class #437 – Access Interface Members through an Interface Variable #438 – Benefits of Using Interfaces #440 – A Class Can Implement More than One Interface #441 – Implementing Interface Members Explicitly #442 – Explicit Interface Implementation Allows Duplicate Member Names #443 – An Interface Cannot Contain Fields #444 – Interfaces Can Inherit from Other Interfaces #445 – Differences Between an Interface and an Abstract Class #446 – Deciding Between an Abstract Class and an Interface #447 – Use as Operator to Get At an Object’s Interfaces #448 – Use the is Operator to See if an Object Implements an Interface #449 – You Can Pass an Interface Variable to a Method #450 – Interfaces Should Normally Start with the Letter ‘I’ #451 – Implement Interface Explicitly to Simplify How a Class Appears to Clients #454 – Return an Interface as a Return Value from a Method #455 – Define an Interface Based on Existing Members of a Class #456 – Explicitly Implemented Interface Members Are Automatically Private #536 – Using a Generic Interface #537 – Implement a Generic Interface with a Generic Class #612 – Members of an Interface Are Implicitly Public #613 – Interfaces Cannot Contain Static Members #647 – A struct Can Implement an Interface #799 – Interface Members Are Implicitly Public #1,067 – Covariance and Generic Interfaces #1,068 – Generic IEnumerable Interface Is Covariant #1,069 – Contravariance and Generic Interfaces Memory #604 – The Problem with Reading/Writing Shared Data from Different Threads #605 – The Causes of Problems With Reading/Writing Shared Data from Multiple Threads #606 – Use volatile Keyword to Fix Problems With Reading/Writing Shared Data #607 – When Do You Need the volatile Keyword? #925 – The Managed Heap #926 – How Memory Is Allocated for Objects on the Managed Heap #927 – Visualizing How Objects Are Created on the Managed Heap #928 – How Objects Are Removed from the Managed Heap #929 – Visualizing How Objects Are Removed from the Managed Heap #930 – Objects on the Heap Can Refer to Each Other #931 – Objects with Finalizers Take Longer to Garbage Collect #932 – When Objects Become Eligible for Garbage Collection #933 – The Garbage Collector Groups Objects into Generations #934 – How Generations Help the Garbage Collector Run More Efficiently #935 – Large Objects Are Allocated on the Large Object Heap #936 – Visualizing Garbage Collection Generations #937 – Forcing a Garbage Collection #938 – Finding Out What GC Generation an Object Is In #939 – Not All Objects on Heap Are Promoted to Next GC Generation Methods #264 – By Default, Parameters Are Passed by Value #265 – Passing Reference Types by Value #266 – You Can’t Prevent a Method from Changing the Contents of Reference Types #267 – Passing Data Back from a Method Using out Parameters #268 – You Must Set the Value of All out Parameters Before Returning from a Method #269 – Use ref Modifier on Parameters that Are Input/Output #270 – Passing a Reference Type by Reference #271 – Passing a Reference Type as an Output Parameter #272 – Differences Between ref and out Parameters #273 – Parameter Modifier Summary #274 – Can’t Overload if Methods Differ Only by ref and out Modifiers #275 – Passing a struct to a Method #276 – Passing a struct by Reference #277 – Passing an Array to a Method #278 – Passing an Array by Reference #279 – Passing a Multidimensional Array to a Method #281 – Declaring and Using Static Methods in a Class #282 – Creating Private Static Methods #283 – Instance Methods Can Call Static Methods #284 – Static Methods Can Call Instance Methods #340 – Use the params Keyword to Pass a Variable Number of Arguments #341 – Defining and Using Local Variables #354 – Correct Overloaded Method Is Automatically Called #511 – Rules for Using Parameter Arrays #512 – Two Ways to Pass Data to a Method that Takes a Parameter Array #513 – Some Familiar Methods that Accept Parameter Arrays #538 – Implement a Generic Method #539 – Type Inference When Calling Generic Methods #540 – Non-Generic Methods in a Generic Class #541 – Generic Method Type Parameters Can Hide Class-Level Type Parameters #549 – Anonymous Method Basics #553 – Anonymous Methods as Static or Instance Methods #554 – Rules for Matching an Anonymous Method to a Delegate Type #584 – Defining an Optional Parameter #585 – Optional Parameters Must Come Last #586 – Default Values for Optional Parameters Must Be Constants #587 – If Provided, Optional Arguments Must Be in Correct Order #588 – A Default Parameter Value Can Be Null #589 – Optional Parameters Must Be Input Parameters #593 – Using Named Arguments #594 – When You’d Want to Use Named Arguments #597 – Returning an Array from a Method #608 – Instance Methods Can Use Static Data #632 – Partial Methods #633 – The Implementation of A Partial Method Is Optional #634 – Invoking Partial Methods That Have No Implementation #635 – Limitations on Partial Methods #636 – The Reason for Partial Methods #637 – A Delegate Can Refer to A Partial Method #638 – Defining and Using a Partial struct #674 – Can Overload If Parameters Differ Only by ref Modifier #695 – Static Methods Can Access Static Members #772 – Initializing an Array as Part of a Method Call #774 – Passing an Array as an out Parameter #802 – A Method Might Have No Parameters #807 – Defining and Using an Extension Method #808 – Adding Parameters to an Extension Method #809 – Extension Method Signatures Shouldn’t Match Class Methods #810 – Where Extension Methods Came From #811 – Extension Methods Can Only Access Public Members of Class #812 – Defining an Extension Method for a Value Type #813 – Defining an Extension Method for an Enumerated Type #814 – Parameters vs. Arguments #815 – Named vs. Positional Arguments #816 – Named Argument and Optional Parameter Combinations #1,038 – Type Parameter Constraints on Generic Methods #1,136 – Overloading a Generic Method #1,165 – Lambda Expression Basics #1,166 – Lambda Expression Syntax #1,167 – Passing a Lambda Expression to a Method #1,168 – Using a Lambda Expression as an Event Handler #1,169 – Lambdas Supersede Anonymous Methods #1,170 – You Can’t Unsubscribe from an Event Using a Lambda Expression #1,171 – Lambda Expression Internals #1,172 – Lambda Expressions Often Used with Func and Action #1,173 – Lambda Expression Can Be Just an Expression #1,174 – Assigning a Lambda Expression to an Expression Tree #1,175 – An Example of an Expression Tree #1,176 – How an Expression Tree is Stored in Memory #1,177 – Lambda Expressions Can Reference Variables Declared Outside of Expression #1,178 – Captured Variables Are Evaluted when a Delegate Is Invoked #1,179 – Captured Variable’s Lifetime Matches Delegate #1,180 – Lambda Expressions Can Modify Captured Variables #1,181 – Instantiating an Object within a Lambda Expression #1,182 – Capturing a for Loop Variable in a Lambda Expression #1,183 – How to Correctly Capture a for Loop Variable in a Lambda Expression #1,186 – Capturing a foreach Iteration Variable in a Lambda Expression #1,187 – Using a Lambda Expression When Adding to an Invocation List #1,188 – Lambda Expression Can Capture Instance Data #1,189 – Lambda Expression Can Capture Static Data #1,190 – A Lambda Expression Can Be Recursive #1,191 – Lambda Can’t Capture ref or out Parameters Miscellaneous #453 – Use Reflection to Get a List of Interfaces that a Class Implements #480 – Pre-Processing Directives #725 – Dumping Out a List of Types in an Assembly #726 – Listing all Types within a Namespace #727 – Get a List of All Namespaces in an Assembly #728 – Dumping Out All Types in the .NET Framework #729 – Dumping Out All Types in .NET Framework, part II #731 – Getting Information About the Members of a Class #743 – ASCII Art Generator #745 – Use ReSharper to Increase Your Productivity in Visual Studio #748 – Use GhostDoc Tool to Document Your Code #749 – Example of Some C# Design Patterns #750 – Use xUnit.net for Unit Testing #757 – Books on Object-Oriented Programming #942 – The Case for Lazy Instantiation #943 – Lazy Instantiation, Solution #1 #944 – Lazy Instantiation, Solution #2 #945 – Lazy Instantiation, an Easier Solution #946 – Specifying Whether Lazy Instantiated Object Should Be Thread-Safe #947 – Specifying Lazy Instantiation Using a Lambda Expression #984 – The Birthday Problem #1,101 – Mathematical Constants #1,202 – C# 6.0 – Null-Conditional Operator #1,203 – C# 6.0 – Using the Null-Conditional with Value Types #1,204 – C# 6.0 – Using Null-Conditional with Indexer #1,205 – C# 6.0 – Using the Null-Conditional when Invoking a Delegate #1,206 – C# 6.0 – Auto-Property Initializers #1,207 – C# 6.0 – Auto-Property Initializers for Read-Only Properties #1,208 – C# 6.0 – Auto-Property Initializers Can Be Any Expression #1,209 – C# 6.0 – Using the nameof Operator #1,210 – C# 6.0 – Primary Constructors #1,211 – C# 6.0 – Adding Implementation for a Primary Constructor #1,212 – List of Features Shipping in C# 6.0 #1,214 – C# 6.0 – using Directive with Static Class #1,215 – C# 6.0 – New Syntax for Dictionary Initializers #1,216 – C# 6.0 – Initializing Read-Only Auto-Properties from Constructors #1,217 – C# 6.0 – Using Lambda Expressions for Function Members #1,218 – C# 6.0 – Using Lambdas for Getter-Only Auto-Properties #1,219 – C# 6.0 – Filtering Exceptions Operators #396 – Operators as Class Members #397 – Defining an Operator #398 – Overloadable Operators #399 – Overloading Unary Operators #400 – Overloading Binary Operators #405 – Equals Method for Equivalence, == Operator for Identity #408 – Overloading the == Operator for a Reference Type #409 – Example of Overloading the == Operator #410 – Overloading the == Operator for a Value Type #412 – Guidelines when Overloading == Operator for a Value Type #414 – Equivalence Can Be Based on a Subset of Fields #415 – Be Careful When Checking Floating Point Numbers for Equality #416 – Use an Epsilon to Compare Two Floating Point Numbers #419 – Override Relational Operators When You Implement IComparable #575 – Using the is Operator to Check the Type of a Reference-Typed Object #576 – Using the is Operator with Value Typed Objects #577 – Using the is Operator to Check for an Unboxing Conversion #578 – Using the as Operator to Do Type Conversions #579 – Typical Pattern for Using as Operator #580 – as Operator Can Generate Compile-Time Errors #592 – Optional Parameters in Indexers #1,071 – The Unary Minus Operator #1,072 – How the Unary Minus Operator Can Fail #1,073 – Arithmetic Binary Operators are Left-Associative #1,074 – Use Parentheses in Expressions to Make Code More Readable #1,075 – Operator Precedence Doesn’t Affect Operand Evaluation Order #1,100 – Increment and Decrement Operators Are Not Thread-Safe #1,106 – Using the Logical Exclusive OR Operator #1,107 – The Bitwise AND Operator #1,108 – The Bitwise OR Operator #1,109 – The Bitwise NOT Operator #1,110 – The Bitwise Exclusive OR Operator #1,114 – Don’t Use Shift Operators to Do Multiplication #1,200 – Logical Operators vs. Conditional Logical Operators #1,201 – Writing Conditional Logical Operators as Conditionals Patterns #785 – The Singleton Pattern #786 – A Lazier Singleton Pattern #792 – Being Notified When an Object’s Properties Change, Part I #793 – Being Notified When an Object’s Properties Change, Part II #794 – A Better INotifyPropertyChanged Implementation #821 – The Factory Pattern #822 – Embed a Factory Class Inside Its Related Class #823 – A Nested Factory Class Implemented as a Singleton #948 – Using Generic Lazy Class to Implement the Singleton Pattern Security #976 – Security Issues when Storing Confidential Data in Strings #977 – Security Issues with Managed Strings #978 – Use a SecureString Object to Store Confidential Text Data #979 – Store Confidential Data Only Within SecureString Instances #980 – Getting Data Out of a SecureString Statements #157 – Iterating Using the while Loop #158 – A while Loop Expression Is Evaluated Before Executing the Loop #159 – A while Loop Might Execute Forever #160 – A while Loop Can Exit on break, goto, return or throw Statements #161 – Use continue to Jump to Next Iteration of while Loop #162 – do/while Loop Executes at Least Once #163 – Iterating Using the for Loop #164 – for Loop Clauses Can Contain Lists of Statements #165 – Any Clause of the for Loop May Be Left Empty #166 – Using the for Statement to Create an Infinite Loop #167 – Use continue to Jump to Next Iteration of for Loop #168 – Use if Statement to Conditionally Execute a Block of Code #169 – The if Statement Must Always Include a Boolean Expression #170 – The else Portion of an if Statement #171 – if/else Statement Can Have One or More Statements in Body #172 – Nested if Statements #173 – The switch Statement #174 – Multiple Case Statements in switch Statement Can Share Code #175 – The default Clause of a switch Statement #176 – Switch Statement Doesn’t Fall Through from Case to Case #177 – Using goto in a switch Statement #178 – Throwing an Exception from a switch Statement #986 – Using goto to Jump to a Label #1,115 – Iterating Through a Collection Using the foreach Statement #1,119 – Scope of Iteration Variable Is Limited to Body of foreach #1,120 – The Iteration Variable in a foreach Loop Is Read-Only #1,121 – Modifying Elements in a Collection Using foreach #1,122 – It’s Okay to Capture Variables within a foreach Loop #1,123 – Using foreach to Iterate on a Multidimensional Array #1,124 – Iterate through Jagged Array with Nested foreach #1,125 – Use of break and continue Statements #1,126 – Rewriting a Loop to Avoid continue Statement Strings #14 – Composite Format Strings in C# #15 – Using Long Lists of Format Items in Composite Format Strings #16 – Use an Array of Objects for a Composite Format String #17 – Methods that Support Composite Formatting #25 – String Literals #33 – The string Type #60 – Using Parse to Convert from String to Numeric Types #61-  Formatting and Parsing Strings for Non-Default Cultures #62 – String Concatenation #63 – Use StringBuilder for More Efficient String Concatenation #64 – Escape Sequences in String Literals #65 – Verbatim String Literals #66 – Including Quotation Marks in Strings #68 – String Equality #69 – Strings are Immutable #70 – The StringBuilder Class #71 – StringBuilder Capacity #95 – ToString() Called Automatically When Doing String Concatenation #96 – Comparing String Values #97 – String Comparisons Using Other Cultures #98 – Using An Indexer to Get A Specific Character in A String #99 – Use StringInfo to Get Specific Characters From A UTF32 String #100 – Using IndexOf to Search for Characters Within A String #101 – Use Contains() to Discover If A String Contains Other Strings #102 – Use Substring() to Extract Substrings From A String #103 – Inserting and Removing Substrings #104 – Functions to Trim Leading and Trailing Characters From A String #105 – Chaining String Functions Together #106 – Using String.Split to Parse A String Into Substrings #392 – Reversing a String Using the Reverse Method #422 – How ReferenceEquals Behaves When Comparing Strings #478 – Verbatim String Literals Can Span Multiple Lines #479 – Identical String Literals Are Stored in the Same Object #773 – Reversing a String that Contains Unicode Characters Expressed as Surrogate Pairs #970 – Checking for Valid Characters in a String #1,003 – Accessing Underlying Bytes in a String for Different Encodings #1,004 – Converting a String to Uppercase or Lowercase #1,005 – Replacing a Substring with a New Substring #1,006 – Getting the Length of a String #1,007 – Getting Length of String that Contains Surrogate Pairs #1,008 – What Happens When You Forget That Strings Are Immutable #1,009 – A String Can Be Null or Empty #1,010 – Checking to See Whether a String is Null or Empty #1,011 – TryParse Indicates Whether a Parse Operation Will Succeed #1,116 – Iterating Through a String Using the foreach Statement Visual Studio #13 – Specify Command Line Arguments in Visual Studio 2010 #113 – Conditionally Compiling Code Base on Symbols #114 – Creating a New Build Configuration #115 – Using #if, #else, #endif #116 – Use #region Directive to Create Code Regions #300 – Use XML Documentation to Inform Intellisense #301 – Using XML Documentation at the Class Level #302 – Generating an XML Documentation File #439 – Use Visual Studio to Implement an Interface #452 – Object Browser Shows You the Interfaces that a Class Implements #474 – You Can Include Unicode Characters in Your Source Code #481 – Projects and Solutions in Visual Studio #482 – Basic Project Types in Visual Studio #483 – Adding a new Project to an Existing Solution #484 – Add a Project Reference to Use a Type from Another Project #487 – Build Configurations Allow Saving Sets of Project Properties #488 – Build Platforms Allow Project Properties to Target a Platform #489 – Debug and Release Configurations Are Created Automatically #490 – Using the DEBUG Conditional Compilation Symbol #492 – Define Your Own Conditional Compilation Symbol #493 – Project Properties Are Specific to Build Configuration and Platform #494 – Selecting a Solution-Level Build Configuration and Platform #495 – Viewing Solution Configurations with the Configuration Manager #496 – Editing Solution Configurations with the Configuration Manager #497 – Creating a New Build Configuration in a Project #498 – Creating a New Solution Configuration #528 – Types Are Organized by Namespace in the Object Browser #591 – How Optional Parameters Look with Intellisense #595 – Intellisense Shows Method Overloads #663 – Visual Studio Debugger Will Call Your Object’s ToString Method #691 – Use the this Keyword to Trigger Intellisense #746 – Get a Free Copy of Visual Studio 2012 #747 – Turning Off All Caps Menus in Visual Studio 2012 #755 – Viewing Class Members Directly in the Solution Explorer #756 – Viewing a Class Diagram in Visual Studio 2012 #758 – Cleaning Up using Directives in a File #759 – Creating a New Type from a Class Diagram #760 – Adding New Class Members from a Class Diagram #761 – Create or Modify Type Members Using the Class Details Window #762 – Creating a Class Diagram Containing Types in the .NET Framework #763 – Fixing a Class Diagram that Cannot Find Types #764 – Expanding All Classes in a Class Diagram #765 – Adding Base or Derived Classes to a Class Diagram #766 – Adding an Interface to a Class Diagram #770 – Use Intellisense to Get List of Methods to Override #848 – Viewing the Call Stack in Visual Studio #849 – Using the Call Stack in Visual Studio to Navigate within Your Code #1,184 – Managing using Directives, part I #1,185 – Managing using Directives, part II #1,213 – Visual Studio 2014 – Unused using Statements Greyed Out