引言:循环依赖就是N个类中循环嵌套引用,若是在平常开发中咱们用new 对象的方式发生这种循环依赖的话程序会在运行时一直循环调用,直至内存溢出报错。下面说一下Spring是若是解决循环依赖的。html
第一种:构造器参数循环依赖
Spring容器会将每个正在建立的Bean 标识符放在一个“当前建立Bean池”中,Bean标识符在建立过程当中将一直保持
在这个池中,所以若是在建立Bean过程当中发现本身已经在“当前建立Bean池”里时将抛出
BeanCurrentlyInCreationException异常表示循环依赖;而对于建立完毕的Bean将从“当前建立Bean池”中清除掉。java
首先咱们先初始化三个Bean。spring
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- public class StudentA {
-
- private StudentB studentB ;
-
- public void setStudentB(StudentB studentB) {
- this.studentB = studentB;
- }
-
- public StudentA() {
- }
-
- public StudentA(StudentB studentB) {
- this.studentB = studentB;
- }
- }
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- public class StudentB {
-
- private StudentC studentC ;
-
- public void setStudentC(StudentC studentC) {
- this.studentC = studentC;
- }
-
- public StudentB() {
- }
-
- public StudentB(StudentC studentC) {
- this.studentC = studentC;
- }
- }
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- public class StudentC {
-
- private StudentA studentA ;
-
- public void setStudentA(StudentA studentA) {
- this.studentA = studentA;
- }
-
- public StudentC() {
- }
-
- public StudentC(StudentA studentA) {
- this.studentA = studentA;
- }
- }
OK,上面是很基本的3个类,,StudentA有参构造是StudentB。StudentB的有参构造是StudentC,StudentC的有参构造是StudentA ,这样就产生了一个循环依赖的状况,ui
咱们都把这三个Bean交给Spring管理,并用有参构造实例化this
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- <bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA">
- <constructor-arg index="0" ref="b"></constructor-arg>
- </bean>
- <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB">
- <constructor-arg index="0" ref="c"></constructor-arg>
- </bean>
- <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC">
- <constructor-arg index="0" ref="a"></constructor-arg>
- </bean>
下面是测试类:.net
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- public class Test {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
- //System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
- }
- }
执行结果报错信息为:
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- Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
- Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
若是你们理解开头那句话的话,这个报错应该不惊讶,Spring容器先建立单例StudentA,StudentA依赖StudentB,而后将A放在“当前建立Bean池”中,此时建立StudentB,StudentB依赖StudentC ,而后将B放在“当前建立Bean池”中,此时建立StudentC,StudentC又依赖StudentA, 可是,此时Student已经在池中,因此会报错,,由于在池中的Bean都是未初始化完的,因此会依赖错误 ,(初始化完的Bean会从池中移除)
第二种:setter方式单例,默认方式
若是要说setter方式注入的话,咱们最好先看一张Spring中Bean实例化的图

如图中前两步骤得知:Spring是先将Bean对象实例化以后再设置对象属性的
修改配置文件为set方式注入
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- <!--scope="singleton"(默认就是单例方式) -->
- <bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope="singleton">
- <property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" scope="singleton">
- <property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" scope="singleton">
- <property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>
- </bean>
下面是测试类:
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- public class Test {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
- System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
- }
- }
打印结果为:
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- com.zfx.student.StudentA@1fbfd6
为何用set方式就不报错了呢 ?
咱们结合上面那张图看,Spring先是用构造实例化Bean对象 ,此时Spring会将这个实例化结束的对象放到一个Map中,而且Spring提供了获取这个未设置属性的实例化对象引用的方法。 结合咱们的实例来看,,当Spring实例化了StudentA、StudentB、StudentC后,紧接着会去设置对象的属性,此时StudentA依赖StudentB,就会去Map中取出存在里面的单例StudentB对象,以此类推,不会出来循环的问题喽、
下面是Spring源码中的实现方法,。如下的源码在Spring的Bean包中的DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java类中
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- /** Cache of singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(缓存单例实例化对象的Map集合) */
- private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>(64);
-
- /** Cache of singleton factories: bean name --> ObjectFactory(单例的工厂Bean缓存集合) */
- private final Map<String, ObjectFactory> singletonFactories = new HashMap<String, ObjectFactory>(16);
-
- /** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name --> bean instance(早期的单身对象缓存集合) */
- private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<String, Object>(16);
-
- /** Set of registered singletons, containing the bean names in registration order(单例的实例化对象名称集合) */
- private final Set<String> registeredSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<String>(64);
- /**
- * 添加单例实例
- * 解决循环引用的问题
- * Add the given singleton factory for building the specified singleton
- * if necessary.
- * <p>To be called for eager registration of singletons, e.g. to be able to
- * resolve circular references.
- * @param beanName the name of the bean
- * @param singletonFactory the factory for the singleton object
- */
- protected void addSingletonFactory(String beanName, ObjectFactory singletonFactory) {
- Assert.notNull(singletonFactory, "Singleton factory must not be null");
- synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
- if (!this.singletonObjects.containsKey(beanName)) {
- this.singletonFactories.put(beanName, singletonFactory);
- this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
- this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
- }
- }
- }
第三种:setter方式原型,prototype
修改配置文件为:
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- <bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>
- <property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>
- <property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" <span style="color:#FF0000;">scope="prototype"</span>>
- <property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>
- </bean>
scope="prototype" 意思是 每次请求都会建立一个实例对象。二者的区别是:有状态的bean都使用Prototype做用域,无状态的通常都使用singleton单例做用域。
测试用例:
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- public class Test {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
- <strong>//此时必需要获取Spring管理的实例,由于如今scope="prototype" 只有请求获取的时候才会实例化对象</strong>
- System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
- }
- }
打印结果:
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- Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
- Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
为何原型模式就报错了呢 ?
对于“prototype”做用域Bean,Spring容器没法完成依赖注入,由于“prototype”做用域的Bean,Spring容 器不进行缓存,所以没法提早暴露一个建立中的Bean。