slf4j不是一个具体的日志解决方案,它只是服务于各类各样的日志系统。就像JDBC同样,它只是做为一个用于日志系统的Facade,但它比JDBC更简单,JDBC须要你去指定驱动,而slf4j只需你将具体的日志系统的jar包添加到classpath便可。html
slf4j提供了一些重要的API定义及LoggerFactory类。但LoggerFactory不是能够具体建立Logger对象的工厂,它的主要功能是绑定你所指定的Factory,并使用绑定的LoggerFactory来建立你所须要的Logger对象。java
咱们在记录日志的时候要得到一个Logger对象,代码以下apache
那么咱们知道LoggerFactory是依赖于你指定的具体的日志系统来建立Logger,那么它是如何找到指定的LoggerFactory?api
首先看 LoggerFactory.getLogger(Class<?> clazz)源码分析
public static Logger getLogger(Class<?> clazz) { Logger logger = getLogger(clazz.getName()); if (DETECT_LOGGER_NAME_MISMATCH) { Class<?> autoComputedCallingClass = Util.getCallingClass(); if (nonMatchingClasses(clazz, autoComputedCallingClass)) { Util.report(String.format("Detected logger name mismatch. Given name: \"%s\"; computed name: \"%s\".", logger.getName(), autoComputedCallingClass.getName())); Util.report("See " + LOGGER_NAME_MISMATCH_URL + " for an explanation"); } } return logger; }
public static Logger getLogger(String name) { // 获取具体的LoggerFactory ILoggerFactory iLoggerFactory = getILoggerFactory(); return iLoggerFactory.getLogger(name); }
static final int UNINITIALIZED = 0; static final int ONGOING_INITIALIZATION = 1; static final int FAILED_INITIALIZATION = 2; static final int SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION = 3; static final int NOP_FALLBACK_INITIALIZATION = 4; public static ILoggerFactory getILoggerFactory() { // 若是没有进行初始化(未绑定具体的LoggerFactory),就进行初始化,初始状态就是UNINITIALIZED,因此第一次执行时进入performInitialization()方法 if (INITIALIZATION_STATE == UNINITIALIZED) { INITIALIZATION_STATE = ONGOING_INITIALIZATION; performInitialization(); } switch (INITIALIZATION_STATE) { case SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION: return StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton().getLoggerFactory(); case NOP_FALLBACK_INITIALIZATION: return NOP_FALLBACK_FACTORY; case FAILED_INITIALIZATION: throw new IllegalStateException(UNSUCCESSFUL_INIT_MSG); case ONGOING_INITIALIZATION: // support re-entrant behavior. // See also http://bugzilla.slf4j.org/show_bug.cgi?id=106 return TEMP_FACTORY; } throw new IllegalStateException("Unreachable code"); }
private final static void performInitialization() { // 绑定具体的LoggerFactory bind(); if (INITIALIZATION_STATE == SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION) { // 查看是否知足特定的jdk版本 versionSanityCheck(); } }
绑定具体的LoggerFactoryui
private final static void bind() { try { // 找到classpath下全部的StaticLoggerBinder Set<URL> staticLoggerBinderPathSet = findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet(); // 若是StaticLoggerBinder多于1个则报告异常 reportMultipleBindingAmbiguity(staticLoggerBinderPathSet); // 此处是重点,详细解释看下面 StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton(); // 将初始化状态置为成功 INITIALIZATION_STATE = SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION; reportActualBinding(staticLoggerBinderPathSet); fixSubstitutedLoggers(); } catch (NoClassDefFoundError ncde) { String msg = ncde.getMessage(); if (messageContainsOrgSlf4jImplStaticLoggerBinder(msg)) { INITIALIZATION_STATE = NOP_FALLBACK_INITIALIZATION; Util.report("Failed to load class \"org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder\"."); Util.report("Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation"); Util.report("See " + NO_STATICLOGGERBINDER_URL + " for further details."); } else { failedBinding(ncde); throw ncde; } } catch (java.lang.NoSuchMethodError nsme) { String msg = nsme.getMessage(); if (msg != null && msg.indexOf("org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton()") != -1) { INITIALIZATION_STATE = FAILED_INITIALIZATION; Util.report("slf4j-api 1.6.x (or later) is incompatible with this binding."); Util.report("Your binding is version 1.5.5 or earlier."); Util.report("Upgrade your binding to version 1.6.x."); } throw nsme; } catch (Exception e) { failedBinding(e); throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected initialization failure", e); } }
// We need to use the name of the StaticLoggerBinder class, but we can't reference // the class itself. private static String STATIC_LOGGER_BINDER_PATH = "org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class" private static Set<URL> findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet() { Set<URL> staticLoggerBinderPathSet = new LinkedHashSet<URL>(); try { // 拿到当前类的类加载器 ClassLoader loggerFactoryClassLoader = LoggerFactory.class.getClassLoader(); Enumeration<URL> paths; if (loggerFactoryClassLoader == null) { paths = ClassLoader.getSystemResources(STATIC_LOGGER_BINDER_PATH); } else { // 类加载器找到classpath下全部的"org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class"类的绝对路径 // 例如 "file:/Users/lushun/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-slf4j-impl/2.1/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.1.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class" paths = loggerFactoryClassLoader.getResources(STATIC_LOGGER_BINDER_PATH); } while (paths.hasMoreElements()) { URL path = (URL) paths.nextElement(); staticLoggerBinderPathSet.add(path); } } catch (IOException ioe) { Util.report("Error getting resources from path", ioe); } return staticLoggerBinderPathSet; }
下面看最重要的一行代码this
StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton();
首先咱们要明白StaticLoggerBinder是干什么的。每个要与slf4j对接的具体实现的日志系统,都要实现一个包名为org.slf4j.impl且类名为StaticLoggerBinder的类,该类实现了LoggerFactoryBinder接口。spa
logback的实现.net
log4j的实现日志
且每一个类都实现了一个getSingleton()方法,来建立一个惟一的StatisLoggerBinder。
那么StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton()到底作了什么事情。
将StaticLoggerBinder加载到JVM中并建立一个StaticLoggerBinder的对象,此时就实现了绑定。
刚才的流程是分析在classpath中只有一个StaticLoggerBinder的状况,那么若是是两个及两个以上呢,即咱们将两个或两个以上的具体实现的日志系统加入到classpath,那么此时会有什么问题。
例如咱们将logback log4j两个都加入到classpath中。bind()执行时会有不一样的表现
private final static void bind() { try { // 会找到两个URL Set<URL> staticLoggerBinderPathSet = findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet(); // 若是StaticLoggerBinder多于1个则报告异常 reportMultipleBindingAmbiguity(staticLoggerBinderPathSet); StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton(); // 将初始化状态置为成功 INITIALIZATION_STATE = SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION; reportActualBinding(staticLoggerBinderPathSet); fixSubstitutedLoggers(); } catch (NoClassDefFoundError ncde) { // do something } }
reportMultipleBindingAmbiguity(staticLoggerBinderPathSet)会报告异常,output以下
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.0.0/logback-classic-1.0.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-slf4j-impl/2.1/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.1.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton()会加载哪一个StaticLoggerBinder?reportActualBinding(staticLoggerBinderPathSet)输出结果?
private static void reportActualBinding(Set<URL> staticLoggerBinderPathSet) { if (isAmbiguousStaticLoggerBinderPathSet(staticLoggerBinderPathSet)) { Util.report("Actual binding is of type [" + StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton().getLoggerFactoryClassStr() + "]"); } }
在本次试验中output:SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [ch.qos.logback.classic.selector.DefaultContextSelector],说明绑定的是logback的StaticLoggerBinder.
咱们知道类的加载确定是类加载来选择的,那么类加载器究竟是如何选择的?首先咱们要理解类加载器的机制。类加载器