本文探讨如何使用 RocketMQ Binder 完成 Spring Cloud 应用消息的订阅和发布。java
RocketMQ 是一款开源的分布式消息系统,基于高可用分布式集群技术,提供低延时的、高可靠的消息发布与订阅服务,普遍应用于多个领域,包括异步通讯解耦、企业解决方案、金融支付、电信、电子商务、快递物流、广告营销、社交、即时通讯、移动应用、手游、视频、物联网、车联网等。git
RocketMQ 是阿里巴巴在2012年开源的分布式消息中间件,目前已经捐赠给 Apache 软件基金会,并于2017年9月25日成为 Apache 的顶级项目。做为经历过屡次阿里巴巴双十一这种“超级工程”的洗礼并有稳定出色表现的国产中间件,以其高性能、低延时和高可靠等特性近年来已经也被愈来愈多的国内企业使用。github
Spring Cloud Stream 是一个构建消息驱动微服务的框架。web
Spring Cloud Stream 提供了消息中间件配置的统一抽象,推出了 pub/sub,consumer groups,semantics,stateful partition 这些统一的模型支持。spring
Spring Cloud Stream 核心构件有:Binders、Bindings和Message,应用程序经过 inputs 或者 outputs 来与 binder 交互,经过咱们配置来 binding ,而 binder 负责与中间件交互,Message为数据交换的统一数据规范格式。apache
Binding 在消息中间件与应用程序提供的 Provider 和 Consumer 之间提供了一个桥梁,实现了开发者只需使用应用程序的 Provider 或 Consumer 生产或消费数据便可,屏蔽了开发者与底层消息中间件的接触。编程
好比 Kafka
的实现 KafkaMessageChannelBinder
,RabbitMQ
的实现 RabbitMessageChannelBinder
以及 RocketMQ
的实现 RocketMQMessageChannelBinder
。json
好比消息 Messaging 对应的模型就包括一个消息体 Payload 和消息头 Header。服务器
下载出来解压到:D:rocketmq 目录,目录最好不要带空格和太深,不然服务运行可能会报错
在启动以前须要配置系统环境,否则会报错。
Please set the ROCKETMQ_HOME variable in your environment! 复制代码
系统环境变量名:ROCKETMQ_HOME
根据你解压的目录配置环境变量,好比个人变量值为:D:rocketmq
进入window命令窗口,进入D:rocketmqbin目录下,执行
start mqnamesrv.cmd复制代码
如上则NameServer启动成功。使用期间,窗口不要关闭。
进入bin目录下,输入
start mqbroker.cmd -n localhost:9876复制代码
如上的 ip+port 是rocketmq的服务地址和端口。
运行如上命令,可能会报以下错误。找不到或没法加载主类
若是出此状况,打开bin-->runbroker.cmd,修改%CLASSPATH%成"%CLASSPATH%"
保存再次执行如上命令。执行成功后,提示boot success 表明成功。
本示例实现三种消息的发布以及订阅接收。
建立 ali-rocketmq-producer 工程,端口为:28081
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<groupId>com.easy</groupId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>ali-rocketmq-producer</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<dependencies>
<!--rocketmq依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rocketmq</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--web依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
复制代码
@EnableBinding
注解使其生效 application.yml配置
server:
port: 28081
spring:
application:
name: ali-rocketmq-producer
cloud:
stream:
rocketmq:
binder:
# RocketMQ 服务器地址
name-server: 127.0.0.1:9876
bindings:
output1: {destination: test-topic1, content-type: application/json}
output2: {destination: test-topic2, content-type: application/json}
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
endpoint:
health:
show-details: always复制代码
ArProduceApplication.java
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableBinding({MySource.class})
public class ArProduceApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ArProduceApplication.class, args);
}
}复制代码
MySource.java
package com.easy.arProduce;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.Output;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageChannel;
public interface MySource {
@Output("output1")
MessageChannel output1();
@Output("output2")
MessageChannel output2();
}复制代码
SenderService.java
package com.easy.arProduce;
import org.apache.rocketmq.spring.support.RocketMQHeaders;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.support.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.MimeTypeUtils;
@Service
public class SenderService {
@Autowired
private MySource source;
/**
* 发送字符串
*
* @param msg
*/
public void send(String msg) {
Message message = MessageBuilder.withPayload(msg)
.build();
source.output1().send(message);
}
/**
* 发送带tag的字符串
*
* @param msg
* @param tag
*/
public void sendWithTags(String msg, String tag) {
Message message = MessageBuilder.withPayload(msg)
.setHeader(RocketMQHeaders.TAGS, tag)
.build();
source.output1().send(message);
}
/**
* 发送对象
*
* @param msg
* @param tag
* @param <T>
*/
public <T> void sendObject(T msg, String tag) {
Message message = MessageBuilder.withPayload(msg)
.setHeader(RocketMQHeaders.TAGS, tag)
.setHeader(MessageHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, MimeTypeUtils.APPLICATION_JSON)
.build();
source.output2().send(message);
}
}复制代码
编写 TestController.java 控制器方便测试
package com.easy.arProduce;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "test")
public class TestController {
@Autowired
SenderService senderService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/send", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String send(String msg) {
senderService.send(msg);
return "字符串消息发送成功!";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/sendWithTags", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String sendWithTags(String msg) {
senderService.sendWithTags(msg, "tagStr");
return "带tag字符串消息发送成功!";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/sendObject", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String sendObject(int index) {
senderService.sendObject(new Foo(index, "foo"), "tagObj");
return "Object对象消息发送成功!";
}
}复制代码
建立 ali-rocketmq-consumer 工程,端口为:28082
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<groupId>com.easy</groupId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>ali-rocketmq-consumer</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rocketmq</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
复制代码
-配置 Input 的 Binding 信息并配合 @EnableBinding
注解使其生效
application.yml配置
server:
port: 28082
spring:
application:
name: ali-rocketmq-consumer
cloud:
stream:
rocketmq:
binder:
name-server: 127.0.0.1:9876 #rocketmq 服务地址
bindings:
input1: {consumer.orderly: true} #是否排序
input2: {consumer.tags: tagStr} #订阅 带tag值为tagStr的字符串
input3: {consumer.tags: tagObj} #订阅 带tag值为tabObj的字符串
bindings:
input1: {destination: test-topic1, content-type: text/plain, group: test-group1, consumer.maxAttempts: 1}
input2: {destination: test-topic1, content-type: application/plain, group: test-group2, consumer.maxAttempts: 1}
input3: {destination: test-topic2, content-type: application/plain, group: test-group3, consumer.maxAttempts: 1}
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
endpoint:
health:
show-details: always复制代码
ArConsumerApplication.java
package com.easy.arConsumer;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableBinding({MySource.class})
public class ArConsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ArConsumerApplication.class, args);
}
}复制代码
MySource.java
package com.easy.arConsumer;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.Input;
import org.springframework.messaging.SubscribableChannel;
public interface MySource {
@Input("input1")
SubscribableChannel input1();
@Input("input2")
SubscribableChannel input2();
@Input("input3")
SubscribableChannel input3();
}复制代码
ReceiveService.java
package com.easy.arConsumer;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.StreamListener;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
@Slf4j
public class ReceiveService {
@StreamListener("input1")
public void receiveInput1(String receiveMsg) {
log.info("input1 接收到了消息:" + receiveMsg);
}
@StreamListener("input2")
public void receiveInput2(String receiveMsg) {
log.info("input2 接收到了消息:" + receiveMsg);
}
@StreamListener("input3")
public void receiveInput3(@Payload Foo foo) {
log.info("input3 接收到了消息:" + foo);
}
}复制代码
本示例咱们建立了两个项目实现
首先要启动ali-rocketmq-producer服务及ali-rocketmq-consumer服务
查看服务消费者控制台,输出
2019-12-04 15:37:47.859 INFO 6356 --- [MessageThread_1] com.easy.arConsumer.ReceiveService : input1 接收到了消息:yuntian
2019-12-04 15:37:47.859 INFO 6356 --- [MessageThread_1] s.b.r.c.RocketMQListenerBindingContainer : consume C0A8096E200818B4AAC212CDA70E0014 cost: 1 ms复制代码
表示字符串消费成功被input1消费了
查看服务消费者控制台,输出
2019-12-04 15:38:09.586 INFO 6356 --- [MessageThread_1] com.easy.arConsumer.ReceiveService : input2 接收到了消息:tagyuntian
2019-12-04 15:38:09.592 INFO 6356 --- [MessageThread_1] com.easy.arConsumer.ReceiveService : input1 接收到了消息:tagyuntian
2019-12-04 15:38:09.592 INFO 6356 --- [MessageThread_1] s.b.r.c.RocketMQListenerBindingContainer : consume C0A8096E200818B4AAC212CDFCD30015 cost: 6 ms复制代码
表示带tag的字符串成功被input2和input1消费了,由于input1也订阅了test-topic1,而且没有咱们没有加tag过滤,默认表示接收全部消息,因此也能成功接收tagyuntian字符串
查看服务消费者控制台,输出
2019-12-04 15:41:15.285 INFO 6356 --- [MessageThread_1] com.easy.arConsumer.ReceiveService : input3 接收到了消息:Foo{id=1, bar='foo'}复制代码
表示input3成功接收到了tag带tagObj的对象消息了,而input1却没有输出消息,这是由于sendObject发布的消息走的是test-topic2消息管道,因此不会发布给input1及input2订阅者