Async/Await 简洁你的代码

背景

asynchronous operations

	时间	特色
AJAX	1990s	callback
NodeJS	2009	callback
Promises	2015	chaining promise （格式美观）
Async/Await	2016 ES7	compose promises (和普通函数使用同样)

 

例子

setup

class Api {
  constructor () {
    this.user = { id: 1, name: 'test' }
    this.friends = [ this.user, this.user, this.user ]
    this.photo = 'not a real photo'
  }

  getUser () {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => resolve(this.user), 200)
    })
  }

  getFriends (userId) {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => resolve(this.friends.slice()), 200)
    })
  }

  getPhoto (userId) {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => resolve(this.photo), 200)
    })
  }

  throwError () {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => reject(new Error('Intentional Error')), 200)
    })
  }
}

 

Attempt 1 - Nested Promise Callback Functions

function callbackHell () {
  const api = new Api()
  let user, friends
  api.getUser().then(function (returnedUser) {
    user = returnedUser
    api.getFriends(user.id).then(function (returnedFriends) {
      friends = returnedFriends
      api.getPhoto(user.id).then(function (photo) {
        console.log('callbackHell', { user, friends, photo })
      })
    })
  })
}

嵌套的‘})’， 让人很崩溃😖

 

Attempt 2 - Promise Chain

function promiseChain () {
  const api = new Api()
  let user, friends
  api.getUser()
    .then((returnedUser) => {
      user = returnedUser
      return api.getFriends(user.id)
    })
    .then((returnedFriends) => {
      friends = returnedFriends
      return api.getPhoto(user.id)
    })
    .then((photo) => {
      console.log('promiseChain', { user, friends, photo })
    })
}

优势是格式优雅，缩进一致，在每一个callback中返回promise, 就造成了链式结构

 

Attempt 3 - Async/Await

async function asyncAwaitIsYourNewBestFriend () {
  const api = new Api()
  const user = await api.getUser()
  const friends = await api.getFriends(user.id)
  const photo = await api.getPhoto(user.id)
  console.log('asyncAwaitIsYourNewBestFriend', { user, friends, photo })
}

只有7行代码，在promise前调用await，等待异步操做执行完毕后赋值，amazing!

 

LOOPS

Attempt 1 - Recursive Promise Loop

function promiseLoops () {  
  const api = new Api()
  api.getUser()
    .then((user) => {
      return api.getFriends(user.id)
    })
    .then((returnedFriends) => {
      const getFriendsOfFriends = (friends) => {
        if (friends.length > 0) {
          let friend = friends.pop()
          return api.getFriends(friend.id)
            .then((moreFriends) => {
              console.log('promiseLoops', moreFriends)
              return getFriendsOfFriends(friends)
            })
        }
      }
      return getFriendsOfFriends(returnedFriends)
    })
}

定义了一个内部递归函数，链式返回promise，看起来很复杂

 

Attempt 2 - Async/Await For-Loop

async function asyncAwaitLoops () {
  const api = new Api()
  const user = await api.getUser()
  const friends = await api.getFriends(user.id)

  for (let friend of friends) {
    let moreFriends = await api.getFriends(friend.id)
    console.log('asyncAwaitLoops', moreFriends)
  }
}

 

 

PARALLEL OPERATIONS

async function asyncAwaitLoopsParallel() {
  const api = new Api()
  const user = await api.getUser()
  const friends = await api.getFriends(user.id)
  const friendPromises = friends.map(friend => api.getFriends(friend.id))
  const moreFriends = await Promise.all(friendPromises)
  console.log('asyncAwaitLoopsParallel', moreFriends)
}

Promise.all()并行处理Promises, 将Array of Promises转化为一个Promise for an Array, await unwarp返回的promise

 

ERROR HANDLING

Attempt 1 - Promise Error Callbacks

function callbackErrorHell () {
  const api = new Api()
  let user, friends
  api.getUser().then(function (returnedUser) {
    user = returnedUser
    api.getFriends(user.id).then(function (returnedFriends) {
      friends = returnedFriends
      api.throwError().then(function () {
        console.log('Error was not thrown')
        api.getPhoto(user.id).then(function (photo) {
          console.log('callbackErrorHell', { user, friends, photo })
        }, function (err) {
          console.error(err)
        })
      }, function (err) {
        console.error(err)
      })
    }, function (err) {
      console.error(err)
    })
  }, function (err) {
    console.error(err)
  })
}

awful! 从外部到内部的错误捕获方式，不如从上到下的方式

 

Attempt 2 - Promise Chain "Catch" Method

function callbackErrorPromiseChain () {
  const api = new Api()
  let user, friends
  api.getUser()
    .then((returnedUser) => {
      user = returnedUser
      return api.getFriends(user.id)
    })
    .then((returnedFriends) => {
      friends = returnedFriends
      return api.throwError()
    })
    .then(() => {
      console.log('Error was not thrown')
      return api.getPhoto(user.id)
    })
    .then((photo) => {
      console.log('callbackErrorPromiseChain', { user, friends, photo })
    })
    .catch((err) => {
      console.error(err)
    })
}

这样就好不少，在最后捕获异常，统一处理方式

 

Attempt 3 - Normal Try/Catch Block

async function aysncAwaitTryCatch () {
  try {
    const api = new Api()
    const user = await api.getUser()
    const friends = await api.getFriends(user.id)

    await api.throwError()
    console.log('Error was not thrown')

    const photo = await api.getPhoto(user.id)
    console.log('async/await', { user, friends, photo })
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err)
  }
}

better~~处理异步和同步异常的方式统一化

 

COMPOSITION

从新组合数据

async function getUserInfo () {
  const api = new Api()
  const user = await api.getUser()
  const friends = await api.getFriends(user.id)
  const photo = await api.getPhoto(user.id)
  return { user, friends, photo }
}

function promiseUserInfo () {
  getUserInfo().then(({ user, friends, photo }) => {
    console.log('promiseUserInfo', { user, friends, photo })
  })
}

 

得到前10个用户的数据

async function getLotsOfUserData () {
  const users = []
  while (users.length < 10) {
    users.push(await getUserInfo())
  }
  console.log('getLotsOfUserData', users)
}

 

parallel得到前10个用户的数据 + error handing

async function getLotsOfUserDataFaster () {
  try {
    const userPromises = Array(10).fill(getUserInfo())
    const users = await Promise.all(userPromises)
    console.log('getLotsOfUserDataFaster', users)
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err)
  }
}

 

参考资料：https://blog.patricktriest.com/what-is-async-await-why-should-you-care/