集群介绍、keepalived介绍、用Keepalived配置高可用集群
集群介绍
- 根据功能划分为两大类：高可用和负载均衡
- 高可用集群，即“HA"集群，也常称做“双机热备”，用于关键业务。核心原理都是经过心跳线链接两台服务器，一台用于提供服务，另一台做为冗余，当提供服务的机器宕机，冗余将接替继续提供服务,实现高可用的开源软件有：heartbeat、keepalived。
- 负载均衡集群，须要有一台服务器做为分发器，它负责把用户的请求分发给后端的服务器处理，在这个集群里，除了分发器外，就是给用户提供服务的服务器了，这些服务器数量至少为2台，实现负载均衡的开源软件有LVS、keepalived、haproxy、nginx，商业的有F五、Netscaler。
Keepalived介绍
- 在这里咱们使用keepalived来实现高可用集群，由于heartbeat在centos6上有一些问题，影响实验效果。
- keepalived经过VRRP（Virtual Router Redundancy Protocl，虚拟路由冗余协议）来实现高可用。
- 它是实现路由高可用的一种通讯协议，在这个协议里会将多台功能相同的路由器组成一个小组，这个小组里会有1个master角色和N（N>=1）个backup角色。
- master会经过组播的形式向各个backup发送VRRP协议的数据包，当backup收不到master发来的VRRP数据包时，就会认为master宕机了。此时就须要根据各个backup的优先级来决定谁成为新的mater。
- Keepalived要有三个模块，分别是core、check和vrrp。其中core模块为keepalived的核心，负责主进程的启动、维护以及全局配置文件的加载和解析，check模块负责健康检查，vrrp模块是来实现VRRP协议的。
用Keepalived配置高可用集群
生产环境中，不少企业把Nginx做为负载均衡器来用，它的重要性很高，一旦宕机会致使整个站点不能访问，因此有必要再准备一台备用Nginx，Keepalived用在这种场景下很是合适。html
1.准备工做
- 准备两台机器100和110，100做为master，110做为backup。
- 定义一个VIP：172.16.111.150
VIP的英文名字是“Virtual IP",即“虚拟IP",也有人把它叫做“浮动IP”，由于这个IP是由Keepalived给服务器配置上的，服务器靠这个VIP对外提供服务，当master机器宕机，VIP被分配到backup上，这样用户看来是无感知的。linux
- 两台机器都执行yum install -y keepalived
- 两台机器都安装nginx，其中100上已经使用源码包编译安装过nginx，110上须要yum安装nginx，命令yum install -y nginx
- 直接经过 yum install nginx 确定是不行的,由于yum没有nginx，因此首先把 nginx 的源加入 yum 中。
- 将nginx放到yum repro库中
rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
- 使用yum安装ngnix yum install nginx
- 查看nginx信息 yum info nginx
- 启动nginx service nginx start
- 查看nginx版本 nginx -v
2.编辑master机器的keepalived配置文件
[root@gary-tao ~]# ls /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@gary-tao ~]# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@gary-tao ~]# > !$ //清空配置文件内容
[root@gary-tao ~]# viM /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
增长以下配置内容，按需求更改部分配置：
global_defs { //全局定义参数
notification_email {
aming@aminglinux.com //定义接收告警的人
}
notification_email_from root@aminglinux.com //定义发邮件地址（实际上没用）
smtp_server 127.0.0.1 //定义发邮件地址，若为127.0.0.1则使用本机自带邮件服务器发送
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_nginx { //chk_nginx为自定义名字，后面还会用到它
script "/usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh" //自定义脚本，该脚本为监控nginx服务的脚本
interval 3 //每隔3S执行一次该脚本
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER //角色为master
interface ens33 //针对哪一个网卡监听VIP
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100 //权重为100，master要比backup大
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass aminglinux>com //定义密码，这个密码自定义
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.111.150 //定义VIP
}
track_script {
chk_nginx //定义监控脚本，这里和上面vrr_script后面的字符串保持一致
}
}
3.编辑master机器的监控脚本
[root@gary-tao ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh
//脚本名字是自定义的，与keepalived配置文件要一致
编辑脚本增长以下内容：
#!/bin/bash
#时间变量，用于记录日志
d=`date --date today +%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S`
#计算nginx进程数量
n=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l`
#若是进程为0，则启动nginx，而且再次检测nginx进程数量，
#若是还为0，说明nginx没法启动，此时须要关闭keepalived
if [ $n -eq "0" ]; then
/etc/init.d/nginx start
n2=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l`
if [ $n2 -eq "0" ]; then
echo "$d nginx down,keepalived will stop" >> /var/log/check_ng.log
systemctl stop keepalived
fi
fi
[root@gary-tao ~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh
//须要给它权限，不然没法被keepalived调用加载
[root@gary-tao ~]# systemctl start keepalived
//启动master上的keepalived，若是nginx服务没有启动，它会自动拉起来，并监听VIP
[root@gary-tao ~]# ip addr
//master上已经自动配置了172.16.111.159这个IP
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:09:e5:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.111.100/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 172.16.111.150/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::1ffb:cde1:5f3e:5778/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:09:e5:62 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.111.131/24 brd 172.16.111.255 scope global dynamic ens37
valid_lft 1057sec preferred_lft 1057sec
inet6 fe80::888c:a1d7:871b:8971/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@gary-tao ~]# ps aux |grep keep
root 9467 0.0 0.1 120720 1400 ? Ss 19:24 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root 9468 0.0 0.3 122792 3104 ? S 19:24 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root 9469 0.0 0.2 127116 2836 ? S 19:24 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root 9641 0.0 0.0 112680 976 pts/0 R+ 19:26 0:00 grep --color=auto keep
[root@gary-tao ~]# ps aux |grep nginx
root 3132 0.0 0.2 46860 2892 ? Ss 1月23 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody 6471 0.0 0.4 48784 4172 ? S 00:00 0:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 6472 0.0 0.4 48784 4172 ? S 00:00 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 9655 0.0 0.0 112680 976 pts/0 R+ 19:26 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@gary-tao ~]# less /var/log/messages
//查看日志
4.两台机器都查看防火墙及SElinux是否开启，开启须要关闭
[root@gary-tao ~]# setenforce 0 //临时关闭SELinux //开机关闭SELinux 编辑/etc/selinux/config文件，将SELINUX的值设置为disabled [root@gary-tao ~]# getenforce //查看SElinux是否关闭 Disabled [root@gary-tao ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙 [root@gary-tao ~]# iptables -nvL //查看防火墙 Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
5.编辑backup的Keepalived配置文件
[root@gary ~]# ls /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@gary ~]# > !$ //清空配置
> /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@gary ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
编辑增长以下配置内容：
global_defs {
notification_email {
aming@aminglinux.com
}
notification_email_from root@aminglinux.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
script "/usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh" //检测脚本
interval 3
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP //这个须要改，说明是从的状态
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90 //这个权重比master少
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass aminglinux>com
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.111.150 //这个跟master同样
}
track_script {
chk_nginx
}
}
6.编辑backup机器的监控脚本
[root@gary ~]# vim /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh
编辑增长以下配置内容：
#时间变量，用于记录日志
d=`date --date today +%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S`
#计算nginx进程数量
n=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l`
#若是进程为0，则启动nginx，而且再次检测nginx进程数量，
#若是还为0，说明nginx没法启动，此时须要关闭keepalived
if [ $n -eq "0" ]; then
systemctl start nginx
n2=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l`
if [ $n2 -eq "0" ]; then
echo "$d nginx down,keepalived will stop" >> /var/log/check_ng.log
systemctl stop keepalived
fi
fi
[root@gary ~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/check_ng.sh //更改权限
[root@gary ~]# systemctl start keepalived //启动服务
[root@gary ~]# ps aux |grep keep
root 16039 0.0 0.1 120720 1400 ? Rs 19:51 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root 16040 0.0 0.3 122792 3104 ? S 19:51 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root 16041 0.1 0.2 127116 2656 ? S 19:51 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root 16059 0.0 0.0 112676 976 pts/0 S+ 19:51 0:00 grep --color=auto keep
[root@gary ~]# ps aux |grep nginx
root 15771 0.0 0.0 46308 948 ? Ss 16:56 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx 15772 0.0 0.2 46692 2148 ? S 16:56 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 16077 0.0 0.0 112676 972 pts/0 S+ 19:51 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
7.测试高可用
- 肯定好两台机器上nginx差别,经过curl -I 来查看nginx版本
##master机器 [root@gary-tao ~]# curl -I 172.16.111.100 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.1 Date: Fri, 26 Jan 2018 05:52:53 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 26 Last-Modified: Wed, 03 Jan 2018 11:33:54 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5a4cbfa2-1a" Accept-Ranges: bytes ##backup机器 [root@gary ~]# curl -I 172.16.111.110 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Fri, 26 Jan 2018 05:54:39 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 612 Last-Modified: Tue, 17 Oct 2017 13:25:49 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "59e604dd-264" Accept-Ranges: bytes
- 测试1：关闭master上的nginx服务
[root@gary-tao ~]# ps aux |grep nginx root 9975 0.0 0.2 46852 2956 ? Ss 1月25 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf root 15423 0.0 0.0 112680 976 pts/1 R+ 14:11 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx nobody 43196 0.0 0.4 48776 4700 ? S 00:10 0:00 nginx: worker process nobody 43197 0.0 0.4 48776 4704 ? S 00:10 0:00 nginx: worker process [root@gary-tao ~]# /etc/init.d/nginx stop //关闭服务 Stopping nginx (via systemctl): [ 肯定 ] [root@gary-tao ~]# ps aux |grep nginx //服务自动起来 root 15492 0.0 0.1 45992 1300 ? Ss 14:11 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nobody 15496 0.0 0.3 48480 3948 ? S 14:11 0:00 nginx: worker process nobody 15497 0.0 0.3 48480 3948 ? S 14:11 0:00 nginx: worker process root 15511 0.0 0.0 112680 972 pts/1 R+ 14:11 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
- 测试2：在master上增长iptabls规则限制vrrp发包
[root@gary-tao ~]# iptables -I OUTPUT -p vrrp -j DROP
//把主上VRRP协议出去的包封掉
[root@gary-tao ~]# iptables -nvL //查看防火墙
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 22 packets, 1608 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 15 packets, 1428 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
19 760 DROP 112 -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
在backup上查看
[root@gary ~]# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:2c:5f:75 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.111.110/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 172.16.111.150/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::b6dc:6aed:f1d0:2f43/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@gary ~]# tail /var/log/messages //查看日志
Jan 26 14:16:15 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:16:15 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:20:01 gary systemd: Started Session 33 of user root.
Jan 26 14:20:01 gary systemd: Starting Session 33 of user root.
浏览器地址查看：nginx
[root@gary-tao ~]# iptables -F //在master恢复防火墙
//而后backup上查看ip及日志
[root@gary ~]# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:2c:5f:75 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.111.110/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::b6dc:6aed:f1d0:2f43/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@gary ~]# tail /var/log/messages
Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:16:20 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:20:01 gary systemd: Started Session 33 of user root.
Jan 26 14:20:01 gary systemd: Starting Session 33 of user root.
Jan 26 14:30:01 gary systemd: Started Session 34 of user root.
Jan 26 14:30:01 gary systemd: Starting Session 34 of user root.
Jan 26 14:35:28 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received advert with higher priority 100, ours 90
Jan 26 14:35:28 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Jan 26 14:35:28 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
浏览器地址查看：vim
- 测试3：关闭master上的keepalived服务
//关闭master上的keepalived服务
[root@gary-tao ~]# systemctl stop keepalived
[root@gary-tao ~]# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:09:e5:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.111.100/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::1ffb:cde1:5f3e:5778/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:09:e5:62 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.111.131/24 brd 172.16.111.255 scope global dynamic ens37
valid_lft 1345sec preferred_lft 1345sec
inet6 fe80::888c:a1d7:871b:8971/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@gary-tao ~]# ps aux |grep keep
root 20375 0.0 0.0 112680 976 pts/1 R+ 14:51 0:00 grep --color=auto keep
[root@gary ~]# ip addr //在backup上VIP立刻就起来了
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:2c:5f:75 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.111.110/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 172.16.111.150/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::b6dc:6aed:f1d0:2f43/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@gary ~]# tail /var/log/messages
Jan 26 14:51:01 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:51:01 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:51:01 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:51:01 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
浏览器地址示例图也改变：后端
- 测试4：启动master上的keepalived服务
//启动master上的keepalived服务
[root@gary-tao ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@gary-tao ~]# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:09:e5:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.111.100/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 172.16.111.150/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::1ffb:cde1:5f3e:5778/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:09:e5:62 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.111.131/24 brd 172.16.111.255 scope global dynamic ens37
valid_lft 1084sec preferred_lft 1084sec
inet6 fe80::888c:a1d7:871b:8971/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@gary-tao ~]# ps aux |grep keep
root 20384 0.0 0.1 120720 1400 ? Ss 14:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root 20385 0.0 0.3 122792 3100 ? S 14:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root 20386 0.0 0.2 127116 2836 ? S 14:54 0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root 20456 0.0 0.0 112680 976 pts/1 R+ 14:55 0:00 grep --color=auto keep
[root@gary ~]# ip addr //在backup上VIP立刻断掉了
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:2c:5f:75 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.111.110/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::b6dc:6aed:f1d0:2f43/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@gary ~]# tail /var/log/messages //查看日志显示
Jan 26 14:51:01 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:51:06 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens33 for 172.16.111.150
Jan 26 14:55:12 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received advert with higher priority 100, ours 90
Jan 26 14:55:12 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Jan 26 14:55:12 gary Keepalived_vrrp[2837]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
[root@gary ~]#
浏览器地址示例图也改变：centos
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