由于想要写一个简单的操做系统,因此须要安装虚拟机来模拟出硬件,VMware不适合这个场景,由于会使用硬件级别的虚拟化,而bochs这个开源虚拟机,是用软件虚拟了全部的硬件,因此调试能够作到很是细的粒度,好比每次cpu执行命令,咱们均可以暂停,看寄存器状态,看内存状态,这对于操做系统开发调试的帮助太大太大了。因此咱们使用bochs这个虚拟机来。git
个人当前环境是Mac 版本是10.15.3,记录下安装的过程和踩的坑。github
步骤:shell
brew install sdl
下载地址:https://sourceforge.net/projects/bochs/files/latest/downloadxcode
# 下载解压 tar -xvf bochs-2.6.tar.gz # configure 所须要的参数 ./configure --enable-ne2000 \ --enable-all-optimizations \ --enable-cpu-level=6 \ --enable-x86-64 \ --enable-vmx=2 \ --enable-pci \ --enable-usb \ --enable-usb-ohci \ --enable-e1000 \ --enable-debugger \ --enable-disasm \ --disable-debugger-gui \ --with-sdl \ --prefix=$HOME/opt/bochs
这里的 prefix 参数指定了安装的位置,修改为本身想要的地址。app
这里出现了第一个问题:工具
报这个错误学习
cdrom_osx.cc:194:18: error: assigning to 'char ' from incompatible type 'const ch
因而在网上查了一下,这个报错有个补丁[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/formula-patches/e9b520dd4c/bochs/xcode9.patch],咱们找到这个文件而且修改源码,这个文件在 bochs-2.6/iodev/hdimage/cdrom_osx.cc
,咱们打开修改第 193 行ui
if ((devname = strrchr(devpath, '/')) != NULL) { 改成: if ((devname = (char *) strrchr(devpath, '/')) != NULL) {
问题解决,咱们接着编译。spa
make && make install
这个时候报这个错操作系统
config.cc:3261:55: error: ordered comparison between pointer and zero ('char *' and 'int') if (SIM->get_param_string("model", base)->getptr()>0) { ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~ 1 error generated.
咱们打开config.cc,找到3621行,修改成
修改config.cc的3621行 if (SIM->get_param_string("model", base)->getptr()>0) { 为 if (SIM->get_param_string("model", base)->getptr()>(char *)0) {
便可。
而后咱们再次编译
make && make install
此时便可正常编译成功。
咱们能够将 bochs 加入环境变量以便使用:
export BXSHARE="$HOME/workplace/os/bochs/share/bochs" export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/workplace/os/bochs/bin"
bochs的安装目录下的bochs/share/doc/bochs/bochsrc-sample.txt
是配置文件的模板。咱们本身编写一个简单的配置文件来运行:
# 设置虚拟机内存为32MB megs: 32 # 设置BIOS镜像 romimage: file=$BXSHARE/BIOS-bochs-latest # 设置VGA BIOS镜像 vgaromimage: file=$BXSHARE/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest # 设置从硬盘启动 boot: disk # 设置日志文件 log: bochsout.txt # 关闭鼠标 mouse: enabled=0 # 打开键盘 keyboard: type=mf, serial_delay=250 # 设置硬盘 ata0: enabled=1, ioaddr1=0x1f0, ioaddr2=0x3f0, irq=14 # 添加gdb远程调试支持 gdbstub: enabled=1, port=1234, text_base=0, data_base=0, bss_base=0
保存为 bochsrc 。在该目录运行命令执行:
➜ my_src git:(master) ✗ bochs ======================================================================== Bochs x86 Emulator 2.6 Built from SVN snapshot on September 2nd, 2012 Compiled on Feb 11 2020 at 14:52:19 ======================================================================== 00000000000i[ ] reading configuration from bochsrc 00000000000p[ ] >>PANIC<< bochsrc:26: Bochs is not compiled with gdbstub support ======================================================================== Bochs is exiting with the following message: [ ] bochsrc:26: Bochs is not compiled with gdbstub support ======================================================================== 00000000000i[CPU0 ] CPU is in real mode (active) 00000000000i[CPU0 ] CS.mode = 16 bit 00000000000i[CPU0 ] SS.mode = 16 bit 00000000000i[CPU0 ] EFER = 0x00000000 00000000000i[CPU0 ] | EAX=00000000 EBX=00000000 ECX=00000000 EDX=00000000 00000000000i[CPU0 ] | ESP=00000000 EBP=00000000 ESI=00000000 EDI=00000000 00000000000i[CPU0 ] | IOPL=0 id vip vif ac vm rf nt of df if tf sf ZF af PF cf 00000000000i[CPU0 ] | SEG sltr(index|ti|rpl) base limit G D 00000000000i[CPU0 ] | CS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0 00000000000i[CPU0 ] | DS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0 00000000000i[CPU0 ] | SS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0 00000000000i[CPU0 ] | ES:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0 00000000000i[CPU0 ] | FS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0 00000000000i[CPU0 ] | GS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0 00000000000i[CPU0 ] | EIP=00000000 (00000000) 00000000000i[CPU0 ] | CR0=0x00000000 CR2=0x00000000 00000000000i[CPU0 ] | CR3=0x00000000 CR4=0x00000000 bx_dbg_read_linear: physical memory read error (phy=0x0000000000000000, lin=0x0000000000000000) 00000000000i[CTRL ] quit_sim called with exit code 1
此时咱们便成功运行了一个虚拟机。
bochs提供了一个建立虚拟硬盘的工具 bximage,提供了交互的方式建立虚拟硬盘,咱们来作一下:
➜ my_src git:(master) ✗ bximage ======================================================================== bximage Disk Image Creation Tool for Bochs $Id: bximage.c 11315 2012-08-05 18:13:38Z vruppert $ ======================================================================== Do you want to create a floppy disk image or a hard disk image? Please type hd or fd. [hd] // 回车,新建硬盘 What kind of image should I create? Please type flat, sparse or growing. [flat] // 回车,flat硬盘 Enter the hard disk size in megabytes, between 1 and 8257535 [10] 10 // 10MB大小硬盘 I will create a 'flat' hard disk image with cyl=20 heads=16 sectors per track=63 total sectors=20160 total size=9.84 megabytes What should I name the image? [c.img] hd10m.img // 名称 Writing: [] Done. I wrote 10321920 bytes to hd10m.img. The following line should appear in your bochsrc: ata0-master: type=disk, path="hd10m.img", mode=flat, cylinders=20, heads=16, spt=63 ➜ my_src git:(master) ✗ ls bochsrc hd10m.img
好了,环境配置到此结束,咱们以后将学习如何编写启动信息。
欢迎访问个人博客和github(https://github.com/veeupup)!