基于 NSData 的图片压缩

时间  2019-11-07
标签 基于 nsdata 图片 压缩 繁體版
原文   原文链接

当前网上找到的图片压缩方法大部分都是基于 UIImage 的，可是若是要支持 gif 的话，那么从相册读出来就得是 NSData，就必需要基于 NSData 来作压缩了。html

主要用到了 <ImageIO> 和 <CoreGraphics> 库。 步骤就是c++

1. `CGImageSource` 从 data读出 `CGImageSourceRef` 对象；
2.  `CGImageSourceRef` 中读取 `CGImageRef`；
3. 通过 旋转、调整大小、压缩质量；
4. 而后用 `CGImageDestination` 从新写入新的`data`。
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1、 静态图片，并转为 jpg

一、经过 CGImageSourceRef 读取数据git

//经过CFData读取文件的数据
    CGImageSourceRef source = CGImageSourceCreateWithData((__bridge CFDataRef)imageData, NULL);
    //获取文件的帧数
    size_t count = CGImageSourceGetCount(source);
    if (count == 0) {
        CFRelease(source);
        return nil;
    }
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二、 读取 每一帧的属性，通常 source 的 count 都是1，Gif 和 Live Photo的都是大于1的。github

// 图像属性
    CFDictionaryRef cfFrameProperties = CGImageSourceCopyPropertiesAtIndex(source, 0, nil);
    //图像的旋转方向
    CGImagePropertyOrientation orientation = (uint32_t)[(__bridge NSNumber *)CFDictionaryGetValue(cfFrameProperties, kCGImagePropertyOrientation) integerValue];
    if (orientation == 0) { // 方向丢失
        orientation = kCGImagePropertyOrientationUp;
    }
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三、读取到 CGImageRefsegmentfault

imageRef = CGImageSourceCreateImageAtIndex(source, 0, NULL);
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四、处理 大小，旋转bash

#pragma mark 调整大小，自动旋转，减小分开的计算而已
CGImageRef DDCreateResizeAndUpOrientationImageRef(CGImageRef imageRef, CGSize targetSize, CGImagePropertyOrientation currentOrientation)
{
    size_t width = targetSize.width;
    size_t height = targetSize.height;
    // orientation 若是是左右的话，那么 size 要反一下,不然 宽高不对。
    switch (currentOrientation) {
        case kCGImagePropertyOrientationLeft:
        case kCGImagePropertyOrientationLeftMirrored:
        case kCGImagePropertyOrientationRight:
        case kCGImagePropertyOrientationRightMirrored:
        {
            size_t temp = width;
            width = height;
            height = temp;
        }
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
    
    CGColorSpaceRef space = CGImageGetColorSpace(imageRef);
    CGBitmapInfo bitmapInfo = CGImageGetBitmapInfo(imageRef);
    if((bitmapInfo == kCGImageAlphaLast) || (bitmapInfo == kCGImageAlphaNone))
        bitmapInfo = (CGBitmapInfo)kCGImageAlphaNoneSkipLast;
    size_t bitsPerComponent = CGImageGetBitsPerComponent(imageRef);
//    size_t bytesPerRow = width * 4;
    size_t bytesPerRow = 0;
    // create context
    CGContextRef context = CGBitmapContextCreate(NULL,
                                                 width,
                                                 height,
                                                 bitsPerComponent,
                                                 bytesPerRow,
                                                 space,
                                                 bitmapInfo);
    CGColorSpaceRelease(space); // release space
    if (!context) {
        return nil;
    }
    CGContextSetInterpolationQuality(context, kCGInterpolationMedium);
    if (currentOrientation != kCGImagePropertyOrientationUp) {
        // 须要旋转 图片
        CGAffineTransform transform = TransformForOrientation(currentOrientation, CGSizeMake(width, height));
        CGContextConcatCTM(context, transform);
        
        CGRect transposedRect = CGRectMake(0, 0, height, width);
        CGContextDrawImage(context, transposedRect, imageRef);
    } else {
        CGRect newRect = CGRectIntegral(CGRectMake(0, 0, width, height));
        CGContextDrawImage(context, newRect, imageRef);
    }
    
    // get new imageRef
    CGImageRef decoded = CGBitmapContextCreateImage(context);
    CFRelease(context);
    if (!decoded) {
        return nil;
    }
    return decoded;
}
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五、调整质量ui

经过 CGImageDestinationRef 写入 data，设置 kCGImageDestinationLossyCompressionQuality 参数来调整质量spa

参数主要是前面读取的CGImageRef的属性，这里由于不想从新读，因此就当参数传递了。.net

在 这里以前，须要 从新设置 图片的 orientation，不然结果 orientation 会丢失，形成旋转失效code

// 修改参数 orientation,若是上面修改了 orientation，则这里也必须修改，不然会丢失新旋转。
    CFMutableDictionaryRef mutDicRef = CFDictionaryCreateMutableCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, 0, cfFrameProperties);
    CGFloat width = newSize.width;
    CGFloat height = newSize.height;
    CFNumberRef widthNum = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberCGFloatType, &width);
    CFNumberRef heightNum = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberCGFloatType, &height);
    CFDictionarySetValue(mutDicRef, kCGImagePropertyPixelWidth, widthNum);
    CFDictionarySetValue(mutDicRef, kCGImagePropertyPixelHeight, heightNum);
    
    CGImagePropertyOrientation newOrientation = kCGImagePropertyOrientationUp;
    CFNumberRef newOrientationNum = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberSInt32Type, &newOrientation);
    CFDictionarySetValue(mutDicRef, kCGImagePropertyOrientation, newOrientationNum);
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+ (NSData *)getCompressImageDataWIthImageRef:(CGImageRef)imageRef uttype:(CFStringRef)uttype properties:(CFDictionaryRef)properties isToJPG:(BOOL)isToJPG toMaxBytes:(NSUInteger)maxBytes
{
    // 转为 jpg，并压缩质量
    CFStringRef type = nil;
    if (isToJPG) {
        type = kUTTypeJPEG;
    } else if (uttype) {
        type = CFStringCreateCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, uttype);
    } else {
        if (@available(iOS 9.0, *)) {
            type = CGImageGetUTType(imageRef);
        }
    }
    BOOL success = NO;
    NSMutableData *mutableData = nil;
    do {
        mutableData = [NSMutableData data];
        // destination 的 type 是肯定最终 image 的类型。
        CGImageDestinationRef destination = CGImageDestinationCreateWithData((__bridge CFMutableDataRef)mutableData, type, 1, NULL);
        CFMutableDictionaryRef mutDicRef = CFDictionaryCreateMutableCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, 0, properties);
        float c = 0.5;
        CFNumberRef compressionQuality = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberFloatType, &c);
        CFDictionarySetValue(mutDicRef, kCGImageDestinationLossyCompressionQuality, compressionQuality);
        CGImageDestinationAddImage(destination, imageRef, mutDicRef);
        success = CGImageDestinationFinalize(destination);
        
        CFRelease(destination);
        CFRelease(mutDicRef);
        CFRelease(compressionQuality);
        
        if (!success) {
            NSDictionary *userInfo = @{
                                       NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: NSLocalizedString(@"Could not finalize image destination", nil)
                                       };
            NSLog(@"resizePNGImageDataToSize %@",userInfo);
            break;
        }
    } while (mutableData.length > maxBytes);
    
    CFRelease(type);
    if (!success) {
        return nil;
    }
    return mutableData;
}
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六、完整代码

#pragma mark - 压缩 静态图，并转为 JPG
+ (NSData *)thumbnailImageData:(NSData *)imageData fitSize:(CGSize)targetSize maxBytes:(double)maxBytes minBytes:(double)minBytes toJPG:(BOOL)isToJPG
{
    if (targetSize.width == 0 || targetSize.height == 0) {
        return imageData;
    }
    
    // < 30k 也算了，不转了
    if (imageData.length < minBytes) {
        return imageData;
    }
    CGSize size = [UIImage sizeFromImageData:imageData];
    // size 不超，bytes 也不超，也不转了
    if (size.width <= targetSize.width && size.height <= targetSize.height &&
        imageData.length <= maxBytes) {
        return imageData;
    }
    //经过CFData读取文件的数据
    CGImageSourceRef source = CGImageSourceCreateWithData((__bridge CFDataRef)imageData, NULL);
    //获取文件的帧数
    size_t count = CGImageSourceGetCount(source);
    if (count == 0) {
        CFRelease(source);
        return nil;
    }
    
    // 计算 size
    CGSize newSize = [self fitJPGImageSize:size toSize:targetSize];
    
    // 图像属性
    CFDictionaryRef cfFrameProperties = CGImageSourceCopyPropertiesAtIndex(source, 0, nil);
    //图像的旋转方向
    CGImagePropertyOrientation orientation = (uint32_t)[(__bridge NSNumber *)CFDictionaryGetValue(cfFrameProperties, kCGImagePropertyOrientation) integerValue];
    if (orientation == 0) { // 方向丢失
        orientation = kCGImagePropertyOrientationUp;
    }
    // 建立第一个 imageRef
    CGImageRef imageRef = NULL;
    imageRef = CGImageSourceCreateImageAtIndex(source, 0, NULL);
    if (!imageRef) {
        CFRelease(source);
        return nil;
    }
    // 1. 旋转
    // 2. 调整大小
    if (!CGSizeEqualToSize(newSize, size)) { // 须要压缩大小 或者 须要旋转，进行重绘
        CGImageRef resizeImageRef = DDCreateResizeAndUpOrientationImageRef(imageRef, newSize, orientation);
        if (resizeImageRef) {
            
            CGImageRelease(imageRef);
            imageRef = NULL;
            imageRef = CGImageCreateCopy(resizeImageRef);
            CGImageRelease(resizeImageRef);
        }
    } else if (orientation != kCGImagePropertyOrientationUp){
        // 旋转
        CGImageRef rotateRef = DDCreateRotateImageRef(imageRef, orientation);
        if (rotateRef) {
            CGImageRelease(imageRef);
            imageRef = CGImageCreateCopy(rotateRef);
            CGImageRelease(rotateRef);
        }
    }
    // 3. 转为 jpg，并压缩质量
    CFStringRef type = CGImageSourceGetType(source);
    if (isToJPG) {
        type = kUTTypeJPEG;
    }
    
    // 修改参数 orientation,若是上面修改了 orientation，则这里也必须修改，不然会丢失新旋转。
    CFMutableDictionaryRef mutDicRef = CFDictionaryCreateMutableCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, 0, cfFrameProperties);
    CGFloat width = newSize.width;
    CGFloat height = newSize.height;
    CFNumberRef widthNum = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberCGFloatType, &width);
    CFNumberRef heightNum = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberCGFloatType, &height);
    CFDictionarySetValue(mutDicRef, kCGImagePropertyPixelWidth, widthNum);
    CFDictionarySetValue(mutDicRef, kCGImagePropertyPixelHeight, heightNum);
    
    CGImagePropertyOrientation newOrientation = kCGImagePropertyOrientationUp;
    CFNumberRef newOrientationNum = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberSInt32Type, &newOrientation);
    CFDictionarySetValue(mutDicRef, kCGImagePropertyOrientation, newOrientationNum);
    
    
    NSData *mutableData = [self getCompressImageDataWIthImageRef:imageRef uttype:type properties:mutDicRef isToJPG:isToJPG toMaxBytes:maxBytes];
    
    CFRelease(cfFrameProperties);
    CGImageRelease(imageRef);
    CFRelease(type);
    CFRelease(source);
    
    return mutableData;
}

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2、 gif

gif 的处理相似，主要就是循环遍历 CGImageSourceRef 里的 CGImageRef，可是gif 每一帧的图片可能不同，因此压缩质量不太好处理，只处理了像素大小。

+ (NSData *)thumbnailGIFImageData:(NSData *)gifData fitSize:(CGSize)targetSize maxBytes:(double)maxBytes
{
    if (targetSize.width == 0 || targetSize.height == 0) {
        return gifData;
    }
    // resize new size
    CGSize size = [UIImage sizeFromImageData:gifData];
    
    if (size.width <= targetSize.width && size.height <= targetSize.height && gifData.length <= maxBytes) {
        return gifData;
    }
    // 计算新的大小
    CGSize newSize = [NSData fitGifImageSize:size toSize:targetSize];
    return [NSData resizeGifImageData:gifData toSize:newSize];
    
}
/// gif 每一帧的图片大小应该稍微有点区别，不太同样，因此只调整 size，不压缩质量
+ (NSData *)resizeGifImageData:(NSData *)gifData toSize:(CGSize)targetSize
{
    if (targetSize.width == 0 || targetSize.height == 0) {
        return gifData;
    }
    //经过CFData读取gif文件的数据
    CGImageSourceRef source = CGImageSourceCreateWithData((__bridge CFDataRef)gifData, NULL);
    //获取gif文件的帧数
    size_t count = CGImageSourceGetCount(source);
    //设置gif播放的时间
    NSTimeInterval duration = 0.0f;
    
    CFDictionaryRef imageProperties = CGImageSourceCopyProperties(source, nil);
    NSLog(@"\n CGImageSourceCopyProperties %@ \n",imageProperties);
    
    // gif data properties
    NSMutableData *mutableData = [NSMutableData data];
    CGImageDestinationRef destination = CGImageDestinationCreateWithData((__bridge CFMutableDataRef)mutableData, kUTTypeGIF, count, NULL);
    
    CFDictionaryRef gifProperties;
    BOOL result = CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent(imageProperties, kCGImagePropertyGIFDictionary, (const void **)&gifProperties);
    if (result) {
        CGImageDestinationSetProperties(destination, gifProperties);
    }
    CFRelease(imageProperties);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        //获取gif指定帧的像素位图
        CGImageRef imageRef = CGImageSourceCreateImageAtIndex(source, i, NULL);
        if (!imageRef) {
            continue;
        }
        //获取每张图的播放时间
        float frameDuration = [NSData frameDurationAtIndex:i source:source];
        duration += frameDuration;
        
        //
        CFDictionaryRef cfFrameProperties = CGImageSourceCopyPropertiesAtIndex(source, i, nil);
        //图像的旋转方向
        CGImagePropertyOrientation orientation = (uint32_t)[(__bridge NSNumber *)CFDictionaryGetValue(cfFrameProperties, kCGImagePropertyOrientation) integerValue];
        if (orientation == 0) { // 方向丢失
            orientation = kCGImagePropertyOrientationUp;
        }
        
        CGImageRef newImageRef = DDCreateResizeAndUpOrientationImageRef(imageRef, targetSize, orientation);
        
        // add quality
        CFMutableDictionaryRef mutDicRef = CFDictionaryCreateMutableCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, 0, cfFrameProperties);
        
        float c = 0.5;
        CFNumberRef compressionQuality = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberFloatType, &c);
        CFDictionarySetValue(mutDicRef, kCGImageDestinationLossyCompressionQuality, compressionQuality);
        // orientation 必须修改，不然会丢失 旋转。
        CGImagePropertyOrientation newOrientation = kCGImagePropertyOrientationUp;
        CFNumberRef newOrientationNum = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberSInt32Type, &newOrientation);
        CFDictionarySetValue(mutDicRef, kCGImagePropertyOrientation, newOrientationNum);
        
        // modify size
        CGFloat width = targetSize.width;
        CGFloat height = targetSize.height;
        CFNumberRef widthNum = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberCGFloatType, &width);
        CFNumberRef heightNum = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberCGFloatType, &height);
        CFDictionarySetValue(mutDicRef, kCGImagePropertyPixelWidth, widthNum);
        CFDictionarySetValue(mutDicRef, kCGImagePropertyPixelHeight, heightNum);
        
        NSLog(@" mutDicRef \n %@ \n",mutDicRef);
        CGImageDestinationAddImage(destination, newImageRef, mutDicRef);
        CFRelease(cfFrameProperties);
        CGImageRelease(newImageRef);
        CGImageRelease(imageRef);
        CFRelease(mutDicRef);
        CFRelease(compressionQuality);
        newImageRef = NULL;
        imageRef = NULL;
        mutDicRef = NULL;
    }
    
    
    BOOL success = CGImageDestinationFinalize(destination);
    CFRelease(destination);
    
    if (!success) {
        NSDictionary *userInfo = @{
                     NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: NSLocalizedString(@"Could not finalize image destination", nil)
                     };
        NSLog(@"resizeGifImageDataToSize %@",userInfo);
        CFRelease(source);
        return nil;
    }
    CFRelease(source);
    if (mutableData.length > gifData.length) {
        return gifData;
    }
    return [NSData dataWithData:mutableData];
}

#pragma mark gif 每一帧的 播放时间
+ (float)frameDurationAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index source:(CGImageSourceRef)source {
    float frameDuration = 0.1f;
    //获取这一帧图片的属性字典
    CFDictionaryRef cfFrameProperties = CGImageSourceCopyPropertiesAtIndex(source, index, nil);
    NSDictionary *frameProperties = (__bridge NSDictionary *)cfFrameProperties;
    //获取gif属性字典
    NSDictionary *gifProperties = frameProperties[(NSString *)kCGImagePropertyGIFDictionary];
    //获取这一帧持续的时间
    NSNumber *delayTimeUnclampedProp = gifProperties[(NSString *)kCGImagePropertyGIFUnclampedDelayTime];
    if (delayTimeUnclampedProp) {
        frameDuration = [delayTimeUnclampedProp floatValue];
    }
    else {
        NSNumber *delayTimeProp = gifProperties[(NSString *)kCGImagePropertyGIFDelayTime];
        if (delayTimeProp) {
            frameDuration = [delayTimeProp floatValue];
        }
    }
    //若是帧数小于0.1,则指定为0.1
    if (frameDuration < 0.011f) {
        frameDuration = 0.100f;
    }
    CFRelease(cfFrameProperties);
    return frameDuration;
}
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最后

介绍一个 gif 处理的库，用 c++ 写的，处理 gif 质量比较好，

gifsicle

ImageOption 里面处理 gif 用的就是 gifsicle

参考连接

一、www.jianshu.com/p/154b938d2…

二、blog.csdn.net/xcysuccess3…

三、www.jianshu.com/p/ea0274a33…

四、www.jianshu.com/p/2345afeab…

五、www.aliyun.com/jiaocheng/3…

六、www.jianshu.com/p/af34e85b9…

七、blog.csdn.net/Philm_iOS/a…

八、www.cnblogs.com/silence-cnb…

九、segmentfault.com/a/119000000…

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