网络服务-DCHP原理与配置
实际操作过程：
| DHCP服务器配置
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf # DHCP Server Configuration file. # see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample //去这个文件写进/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf # see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf' [[email protected] ~]# cat /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample >/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf option domain-name-servers 202.106.0.20, 8.8.8.8; //DNS服务器IP
default-lease-time 21600; //默认租约时间6小时 max-lease-time 43200; //最长租约时间 12小时
log-facility local7; 日志记录配置
subnet 192.168.64.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.64.2 192.168.64.254; IP地址池，该网段的IP地址范围 option routers 192.168.64.2; 路由器网关 }
subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.254; option routers 192.168.10.2; }
subnet 192.168.20.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.20.2 192.168.20.254; option routers 192.168.20.2; }
subnet 192.168.30.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.30.2 192.168.30.254; option routers 192.168.30.2; }
#host fantasia { # hardware ethernet 08:00:07:26:c0:a5; 客户机mac地址 # fixed-address fantasia.fugue.com; 指定分配的IP地址 #} 保存退出 （注意：此DHCP服务器必须有一个网络设备的IP属于所设置的网段） [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd restart //重启DHCP服务 正在启动 dhcpd： [确定] [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcpd on [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --list dhcpd dhcpd 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭 [[email protected] ~]# ping 192.168.64.2 //查看是否ping通网关 [[email protected] ~]# tail -t /var/log/messages //用于排错 DHCP配置完成
Linux中DHCP中继配置 1、中继添加个网卡 分别是 eth0 192.168.64.1 （VMnet 8） eth1 192.168.10.1 （VMnet 1） eth2 192.168.20.1 （VMnet 2） eth3 192.168.30.1 （VMnet 3） 注意：要先关闭虚拟机中本身的DHCP服务 Windows + R 输入 service.msc
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| 2、网卡配置 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 HWADDR=00:0c:29:67:47:bc TYPE=Ethernet UUID=1b7587cd-4646-46e7-b46d-7a6983d44c8a ONBOOT=yes //手动添加ONBOOT=yes （eth1 eth2 eth3 同样添加） NM_CONTROLLED=yes BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=192.168.64.2 //此设备IP与DHCP服务器的网关互指，且在同一网段上 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 DNS1=202.106.0.20 [[email protected] ~]# ip a //配置结果如下 中继不配置网关 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNK NOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:67:47:bc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.64.2/24 brd 192.168.64.255 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:47bc/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNK NOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:67:47:c6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.10.1/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:47c6/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNK NOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:67:47:d0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.20.1/24 brd 192.168.20.255 scope global eth2 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:47d0/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNK NOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:67:47:da brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.30.1/24 brd 192.168.30.255 scope global eth3 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:47da/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [[email protected] ~]# service network start //启动激活网卡
配置yum 关闭防火墙 关闭selinux [[email protected] ~]# yum -y install dhcp //DHCP 上安装dhcp [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay //编辑这个文件 # Command line options here DHCRELAYARGS="192.168.64.101" ★ //指向是DHCP服务器IP # DHCPv4 only INTERFACES="eth0 eth1 eth2 eth3" # DHCPv4 only DHCPSERVERS="" [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcrelay start //启动中继 [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcrelay on [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcrelay --list dhcrelay 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭 [[email protected] ~]# ping 192.168.64.101 [[email protected] ~]# dhcrelay 192.168.64.101 DHCP配置完成
测试 Windows ：Windows 7 首先虚拟网络编辑器中使用本地DHCP服务器中的去电钩
Windows +R 输入 cmd
Linux：CentOS 6.8 [[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [[email protected] network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth1 [[email protected] network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth2 [[email protected] network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth3 [[email protected] network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 TYPE=Ethernet ONBOOT=yes //如果没有手动添加 NM_CONTROLLED=yes BOOTPROTO=dhcp 多块网卡下开启路由功能 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf #net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 [[email protected] network-scripts]# iptables -F //清空网卡策略 [[email protected] network-scripts]# dhclient -d //后面也可以加设备名 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:6b:e5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.64.3/24 brd 192.168.64.255 scope global eth0 inet 192.168.64.4/24 brd 192.168.64.255 scope global secondary eth0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:6be5/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:6b:ef brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.10.2/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:6bef/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:6b:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.20.2/24 brd 192.168.20.255 scope global eth2 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:6bf9/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:6b:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.30.2/24 brd 192.168.30.255 scope global eth3 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:6b03/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever |
实际操作过程：
| DHCP服务器配置
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf # DHCP Server Configuration file. # see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample //去这个文件写进/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf # see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf' [[email protected] ~]# cat /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample >/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf option domain-name-servers 202.106.0.20, 8.8.8.8; //DNS服务器IP
default-lease-time 21600; //默认租约时间6小时 max-lease-time 43200; //最长租约时间 12小时
log-facility local7; 日志记录配置
subnet 192.168.64.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.64.2 192.168.64.254; IP地址池，该网段的IP地址范围 option routers 192.168.64.2; 路由器网关 }
subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.254; option routers 192.168.10.2; }
subnet 192.168.20.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.20.2 192.168.20.254; option routers 192.168.20.2; }
subnet 192.168.30.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.30.2 192.168.30.254; option routers 192.168.30.2; }
#host fantasia { # hardware ethernet 08:00:07:26:c0:a5; 客户机mac地址 # fixed-address fantasia.fugue.com; 指定分配的IP地址 #} 保存退出 （注意：此DHCP服务器必须有一个网络设备的IP属于所设置的网段） [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd restart //重启DHCP服务 正在启动 dhcpd： [确定] [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcpd on [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --list dhcpd dhcpd 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭 [[email protected] ~]# ping 192.168.64.2 //查看是否ping通网关 [[email protected] ~]# tail -t /var/log/messages //用于排错 DHCP配置完成
Linux中DHCP中继配置 1、中继添加个网卡 分别是 eth0 192.168.64.1 （VMnet 8） eth1 192.168.10.1 （VMnet 1） eth2 192.168.20.1 （VMnet 2） eth3 192.168.30.1 （VMnet 3） 注意：要先关闭虚拟机中本身的DHCP服务 Windows + R 输入 service.msc
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| 2、网卡配置 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 HWADDR=00:0c:29:67:47:bc TYPE=Ethernet UUID=1b7587cd-4646-46e7-b46d-7a6983d44c8a ONBOOT=yes //手动添加ONBOOT=yes （eth1 eth2 eth3 同样添加） NM_CONTROLLED=yes BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=192.168.64.2 //此设备IP与DHCP服务器的网关互指，且在同一网段上 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 DNS1=202.106.0.20 [[email protected] ~]# ip a //配置结果如下 中继不配置网关 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNK NOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:67:47:bc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.64.2/24 brd 192.168.64.255 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:47bc/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNK NOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:67:47:c6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.10.1/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:47c6/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNK NOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:67:47:d0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.20.1/24 brd 192.168.20.255 scope global eth2 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:47d0/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNK NOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:67:47:da brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.30.1/24 brd 192.168.30.255 scope global eth3 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:47da/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [[email protected] ~]# service network start //启动激活网卡
配置yum 关闭防火墙 关闭selinux [[email protected] ~]# yum -y install dhcp //DHCP 上安装dhcp [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay //编辑这个文件 # Command line options here DHCRELAYARGS="192.168.64.101" ★ //指向是DHCP服务器IP # DHCPv4 only INTERFACES="eth0 eth1 eth2 eth3" # DHCPv4 only DHCPSERVERS="" [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcrelay start //启动中继 [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcrelay on [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcrelay --list dhcrelay 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭 [[email protected] ~]# ping 192.168.64.101 [[email protected] ~]# dhcrelay 192.168.64.101 DHCP配置完成
测试 Windows ：Windows 7 首先虚拟网络编辑器中使用本地DHCP服务器中的去电钩
Windows +R 输入 cmd
Linux：CentOS 6.8 [[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [[email protected] network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth1 [[email protected] network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth2 [[email protected] network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth3 [[email protected] network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 TYPE=Ethernet ONBOOT=yes //如果没有手动添加 NM_CONTROLLED=yes BOOTPROTO=dhcp 多块网卡下开启路由功能 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf #net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 [[email protected] network-scripts]# iptables -F //清空网卡策略 [[email protected] network-scripts]# dhclient -d //后面也可以加设备名 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:6b:e5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.64.3/24 brd 192.168.64.255 scope global eth0 inet 192.168.64.4/24 brd 192.168.64.255 scope global secondary eth0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:6be5/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:6b:ef brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.10.2/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:6bef/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:6b:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.20.2/24 brd 192.168.20.255 scope global eth2 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:6bf9/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:c5:6b:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.30.2/24 brd 192.168.30.255 scope global eth3 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec5:6b03/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever |