【Java进阶面试系列之五】消息中间件集群崩溃，如何保证百万生产数据不丢失？【石杉的架构笔记】

时间  2021-08-13
标签 面试 算法 性能优化 服务器 微信 markdown 架构 并发 app 分布式 栏目 负载均衡 繁體版
原文   原文链接

欢迎关注微信公众号：石杉的架构笔记（id：shishan100）面试

个人新课**《C2C 电商系统微服务架构120天实战训练营》在公众号儒猿技术窝**上线了，感兴趣的同窗，能够点击下方连接了解详情：算法

《C2C 电商系统微服务架构120天实战训练营》性能优化

**“**上一篇讲消息中间件的文章《扎心！线上服务宕机时，如何保证数据100%不丢失？》，初步给你们介绍了一个在生产环境中可能遇到的问题，就是你的消费者服务可能会宕机，一旦宕机，你就须要考虑是否会致使没处理完的消息丢失。这篇文章，再给不太熟悉MQ技术的同窗，介绍另一个生产环境中可能会遇到的问题。服务器

目前为止，你的RabbitMQ部署在线上服务器了，对吧？而后订单服务和仓储服务均可以基于RabbitMQ来收发消息，同时仓储服务宕机，不会致使消息丢失。微信

好，咱们来看下目前为止的架构图。markdown

那若是此时出现一个问题，就是说订单服务投递了订单消息到RabbitMQ里去，RabbitMQ暂时放在了本身的内存中，还没来得及投递给下游的仓储服务呢，此时RabbitMQ忽然宕机了，会怎么样？架构

答案其实很简单，默认状况下，按照咱们目前的代码和配置，这个数据就会丢失了。并发

因此在这里而言，就牵扯到了RabbitMQ的一个较为重要的概念：消息的持久化，用英文来讲就是durable机制。app

而后这里又有一个引伸的概念，若是按照咱们以前的代码和配置，默认状况下，RabbitMQ一旦宕机就再次重启，就会丢失咱们以前建立的queue。因此首先得先让queue是持久化的。分布式

使用下面的代码，就能够把咱们的“warehouse_schedule_delivery”这个queue，也就是仓储调度发货的queue，设置为持久化的。

这样，即便RabbitMQ宕机后重启，也会恢复以前建立好的这个queue。

channel.queueDeclare(
       "warehouse_schedule_delivery",
        true, 
        false,
        false,
        null);
复制代码

你们看到上面那行定义和建立queue的代码么？核心在于第二个参数，第二个参数是true。

他的意思就是说，这个建立的queue是durable的，也就是支持持久化的。

RabbitMQ会把这queue的相关信息持久化的存储到磁盘上去，这样RabbitMQ重启后，就能够恢复持久化的queue。

OK，如今你的queue的信息能够持久化了，RabbitMQ宕机重启后会自动恢复queue。可是，你的queue里的message数据呢？

queue里都是订单服务发送过去的订单消息数据，若是RabbitMQ还没来得及投递queue里的订单消息到仓储服务，结果RabbitMQ就宕机了。

那此时RabbitMQ重启以后，他能够恢复queue的信息，可是queue的message数据是无法恢复了。

因此此时还有一个重要的点，就是在你的订单服务发送消息到RabbitMQ的时候，须要定义这条消息也是durable，即持久化的。

channel.basicPublish(
 "", 
 "warehouse_schedule_delivery",
 MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,
 message.getBytes());
复制代码

经过上面的方式来发送消息，就可让发送出去的消息是持久化的。

一旦标记了消息是持久化以后，就会让RabbitMQ把消息持久化写入到磁盘上去，此时若是RabbitMQ还没投递数据到仓储服务，结果就忽然宕机了。那么再次重启的时候，就会把磁盘上持久化的消息给加载出来。

整个过程，以下图所示：

可是这里要注意一点，RabbitMQ的消息持久化，是不承诺100%的消息不丢失的。

由于有可能RabbitMQ接收到了消息，可是还没来得及持久化到磁盘，他本身就宕机了，这个时候消息仍是会丢失的。

若是要彻底100%保证写入RabbitMQ的数据必须落地磁盘，不会丢失，须要依靠其余的机制。

下次有机会再继续给不太熟悉MQ技术的同窗，来说解这里的东西。

END

若有收获，请帮忙转发，您的鼓励是做者最大的动力，谢谢！

一大波微服务、分布式、高并发、高可用的原创系列文章正在路上

欢迎扫描下方二维码，持续关注：

石杉的架构笔记（id:shishan100）

十余年BAT架构经验倾囊相授

**> **推荐阅读：** > > 一、[拜托！面试请不要再问我Spring Cloud底层原理](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Flink.juejin.im%2525252525252F%2525252525253Ftarget%2525252525253Dhttps%252525252525253A%252525252525252F%252525252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252525252F%252525252525253Ftarget%252525252525253Dhttps%25252525252525253A%25252525252525252F%25252525252525252Fjuejin.im%25252525252525252Fpost%25252525252525252F5be13b83f265da6116393fc7) > > 二、[【双11狂欢的背后】微服务注册中心如何承载大型系统的千万级访问？](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Flink.juejin.im%2525252525252F%2525252525253Ftarget%2525252525253Dhttps%252525252525253A%252525252525252F%252525252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252525252F%252525252525253Ftarget%252525252525253Dhttps%25252525252525253A%25252525252525252F%25252525252525252Fjuejin.im%25252525252525252Fpost%25252525252525252F5be3f8dcf265da613a5382ca) > > 三、[【性能优化之道】每秒上万并发下的Spring Cloud参数优化实战](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Flink.juejin.im%2525252525252F%2525252525253Ftarget%2525252525253Dhttps%252525252525253A%252525252525252F%252525252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252525252F%252525252525253Ftarget%252525252525253Dhttps%25252525252525253A%25252525252525252F%25252525252525252Fjuejin.im%25252525252525252Fpost%25252525252525252F5be83e166fb9a049a7115580) > > 四、[微服务架构如何保障双11狂欢下的99.99%高可用](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Flink.juejin.im%2525252525252F%2525252525253Ftarget%2525252525253Dhttps%252525252525253A%252525252525252F%252525252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252525252F%252525252525253Ftarget%252525252525253Dhttps%25252525252525253A%25252525252525252F%25252525252525252Fjuejin.im%25252525252525252Fpost%25252525252525252F5be99a68e51d4511a8090440) > > 五、[兄弟，用大白话告诉你小白都能听懂的Hadoop架构原理](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Flink.juejin.im%2525252525252F%2525252525253Ftarget%2525252525253Dhttps%252525252525253A%252525252525252F%252525252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252525252F%252525252525253Ftarget%252525252525253Dhttps%25252525252525253A%25252525252525252F%25252525252525252Fjuejin.im%25252525252525252Fpost%25252525252525252F5beaf02ce51d457e90196069) > > 六、[大规模集群下Hadoop NameNode如何承载每秒上千次的高并发访问](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Flink.juejin.im%2525252525252F%2525252525253Ftarget%2525252525253Dhttps%252525252525253A%252525252525252F%252525252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252525252F%252525252525253Ftarget%252525252525253Dhttps%25252525252525253A%25252525252525252F%25252525252525252Fjuejin.im%25252525252525252Fpost%25252525252525252F5bec278c5188253e64332c76) > > 七、【[性能优化的秘密】Hadoop如何将TB级大文件的上传性能优化上百倍](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Flink.juejin.im%2525252525252F%2525252525253Ftarget%2525252525253Dhttps%252525252525253A%252525252525252F%252525252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252525252F%252525252525253Ftarget%252525252525253Dhttps%25252525252525253A%25252525252525252F%25252525252525252Fjuejin.im%25252525252525252Fpost%25252525252525252F5bed82a9e51d450f9461cfc7) > > [八、](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Fjuejin.im%2525252525252Fpost%2525252525252F5bf2c6b6e51d456693549af4)[拜托，面试请不要再问我TCC分布式事务的实现原理坑爹呀！](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903716089233416) [](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Fjuejin.im%2525252525252Fpost%2525252525252F5bf2c6b6e51d456693549af4) > > 九、[【坑爹呀！】最终一致性分布式事务如何保障实际生产中99.99%高可用？](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Fjuejin.im%2525252525252Fpost%2525252525252F5bf2c6b6e51d456693549af4) > > 十、[拜托，面试请不要再问我Redis分布式锁的实现原理！](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Fjuejin.im%2525252525252Fpost%2525252525252F5bf3f15851882526a643e207) > > **十一、****[【眼前一亮！】看Hadoop底层算法如何优雅的将大规模集群性能提高10倍以上？](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Flink.juejin.im%25252525253Ftarget%25252525253Dhttps%2525252525253A%2525252525252F%2525252525252Fjuejin.im%2525252525252Fpost%2525252525252F5bf5396f51882509a768067e)** > > **十二、****[亿级流量系统架构之如何支撑百亿级数据的存储与计算](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Flink.juejin.im%252525252F%252525253Ftarget%252525253Dhttps%25252525253A%25252525252F%25252525252Fjuejin.im%25252525252Fpost%25252525252F5bfab59fe51d4551584c7bcf)** > > 1三、[亿级流量系统架构之如何设计高容错分布式计算系统](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Flink.juejin.im%2525253Ftarget%2525253Dhttps%252525253A%252525252F%252525252Fjuejin.im%252525252Fpost%252525252F5bfbeeb9f265da61407e9679) > > 1四、[亿级流量系统架构之如何设计承载百亿流量的高性能架构](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Flink.juejin.im%25253Ftarget%25253Dhttps%2525253A%2525252F%2525252Fjuejin.im%2525252Fpost%2525252F5bfd2df1e51d4574b133dd3a) > > 1五、[亿级流量系统架构之如何设计每秒十万查询的高并发架构](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Flink.juejin.im%252F%253Ftarget%253Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Fjuejin.im%25252Fpost%25252F5bfe771251882509a7681b3a) > > 1六、[亿级流量系统架构之如何设计全链路99.99%高可用架构](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Flink.juejin.im%3Ftarget%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fjuejin.im%252Fpost%252F5bffab686fb9a04a102f0022) > > 1七、[七张图完全讲清楚ZooKeeper分布式锁的实现原理](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Fjuejin.im%2Fpost%2F5c01532ef265da61362232ed) > > 1八、[大白话聊聊Java并发面试问题之volatile究竟是什么？](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903730303746061) > > 1九、[大白话聊聊Java并发面试问题之Java 8如何优化CAS性能？](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903731234865160) > > 20、[大白话聊聊Java并发面试问题之谈谈你对AQS的理解？](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903732061159437) > > 2一、[大白话聊聊Java并发面试问题之公平锁与非公平锁是啥？](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903732883226637) > > 2二、[大白话聊聊Java并发面试问题之微服务注册中心的读写锁优化](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903734267510798) > > 2三、[互联网公司的面试官是如何360°无死角考察候选人的？（上篇）](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903734930046989) > > 2四、[互联网公司面试官是如何360°无死角考察候选人的？（下篇）](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903735655661581) > > 2五、[Java进阶面试系列之一：哥们，大家的系统架构中为何要引入消息中间件？](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903736444207117) > > 2六、[【Java进阶面试系列之二】：哥们，那你说说系统架构引入消息中间件有什么缺点？](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903737123667975) > > 2七、[【行走的Offer收割机】记一位朋友斩获BAT技术专家Offer的面试经历](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903741213130765) > > 2八、[【Java进阶面试系列之三】哥们，消息中间件在大家项目里是如何落地的？](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903742114906125) > > 2九、[【Java进阶面试系列之四】扎心！线上服务宕机时，如何保证数据100%不丢失？](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903742928601095) > > 30、[一次JVM FullGC的背后，竟隐藏着惊心动魄的线上生产事故！](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903743712935944) > > 3一、[【高并发优化实践】10倍请求压力来袭，你的系统会被击垮吗？](https://juejin.cn/post/6844903744514031624)**

做者：石杉的架构笔记
连接：juejin.cn/post/684490… 来源：掘金 著做权归做者全部。商业转载请联系做者得到受权，非商业转载请注明出处。

相关文章
相关标签/搜索
每日一句
    每一个你不满意的现在，都有一个你没有努力的曾经。
本站公众号
   欢迎关注本站公众号,获取更多信息
联系我们 最近搜索 最新文章 沪ICP备13005482号-10 MyBatis教程 SQL 教程 MySQL教程 Java 教程 Thymeleaf 教程 Hibernate教程 Spring教程 Redis教程