容器编排工具之Docker-compose

时间 2020-06-20

原文原文链接

　　前文咱们聊了下docker私有仓库harbor的搭建，回顾请参考http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-zircqgyn-nt.html；在上一篇博客的末尾，咱们简单聊了下docker-compose启动和中止harbor；docker-compose项目是docker官方的开源项目，负责实现对docker容器集群的快速编排；所谓编排咱们能够理解为像ansible里面的"剧本"；咱们把须要启动的容器，每一个容器之间的依赖关系，每一个容器的网络、存储等等都定义在一个配置文件中，而后经过一个工具去读取这个配置文件，从而实现快速部署一个应用，方便管理的一个堆docker容器；对于docker-compose来说，这个配置文件必须交docker-compose.yml，而且经过docker-compose来管理docker容器，它默认就会去找这个配置文件，因此在执行docker-compose命令时，一般咱们都是在docker-compose.yml所在目录下执行；html

　　首先说下安装吧，一般安装方式有两种，第一种方式就是把docker-compose看成python的一个应用来装，用pip安装docker-compose便可；第二种就是yum安装；以下所示node

　　一、pip安装python

[root@docker_node02 ~]# pip install docker-compose
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. pip 21.0 will drop support for Python 2.7 in January 2021. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Collecting docker-compose
  Downloading docker_compose-1.26.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (139 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 139 kB 61 kB/s 
Collecting backports.shutil-get-terminal-size==1.0.0; python_version < "3.3"
  Downloading backports.shutil_get_terminal_size-1.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.5 kB)
Collecting python-dotenv<1,>=0.13.0
  Downloading python_dotenv-0.13.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (17 kB)
Collecting distro<2,>=1.5.0
  Downloading distro-1.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
Collecting texttable<2,>=0.9.0
  Downloading texttable-1.6.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)
Collecting six<2,>=1.3.0
  Downloading six-1.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)
Collecting cached-property<2,>=1.2.0
  Downloading cached_property-1.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.0 kB)
Collecting jsonschema<4,>=2.5.1
  Downloading jsonschema-3.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (56 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 56 kB 18 kB/s 
Requirement already satisfied: backports.ssl-match-hostname<4,>=3.5; python_version < "3.5" in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (3.5.0.1)
Requirement already satisfied: ipaddress<2,>=1.0.16; python_version < "3.3" in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (1.0.16)
Collecting subprocess32<4,>=3.5.4; python_version < "3.2"
  Downloading subprocess32-3.5.4.tar.gz (97 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 97 kB 14 kB/s 
Collecting docopt<1,>=0.6.1
  Downloading docopt-0.6.2.tar.gz (25 kB)
Collecting dockerpty<1,>=0.4.1
  Downloading dockerpty-0.4.1.tar.gz (13 kB)
Collecting requests<3,>=2.20.0
  Downloading requests-2.23.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 58 kB 17 kB/s 
Requirement already satisfied: PyYAML<6,>=3.10 in /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (5.3.1)
Collecting docker[ssh]<5,>=3.7.0
  Downloading docker-4.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (143 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 143 kB 15 kB/s 
Requirement already satisfied: enum34<2,>=1.0.4; python_version < "3.4" in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (1.0.4)
Collecting websocket-client<1,>=0.32.0
  Downloading websocket_client-0.57.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (200 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 200 kB 13 kB/s 
Collecting typing; python_version < "3.5"
  Downloading typing-3.7.4.1-py2-none-any.whl (26 kB)
Collecting functools32; python_version < "3"
  Downloading functools32-3.2.3-2.tar.gz (31 kB)
Collecting attrs>=17.4.0
  Downloading attrs-19.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (39 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from jsonschema<4,>=2.5.1->docker-compose) (0.9.8)
Collecting pyrsistent>=0.14.0
  Downloading pyrsistent-0.16.0.tar.gz (108 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 108 kB 14 kB/s 
Collecting importlib-metadata; python_version < "3.8"
  Downloading importlib_metadata-1.6.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (31 kB)
Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17
  Downloading certifi-2020.4.5.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (157 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 157 kB 19 kB/s 
Collecting urllib3!=1.25.0,!=1.25.1,<1.26,>=1.21.1
  Downloading urllib3-1.25.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl (126 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 126 kB 13 kB/s 
Collecting idna<3,>=2.5
  Downloading idna-2.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 58 kB 14 kB/s 
Collecting chardet<4,>=3.0.2
  Downloading chardet-3.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (133 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 133 kB 22 kB/s 
Collecting paramiko>=2.4.2; extra == "ssh"
  Downloading paramiko-2.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (206 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 206 kB 22 kB/s 
Collecting contextlib2; python_version < "3"
  Downloading contextlib2-0.6.0.post1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (9.8 kB)
Collecting pathlib2; python_version < "3"
  Downloading pathlib2-2.3.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
Collecting zipp>=0.5
  Downloading zipp-1.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (4.8 kB)
Collecting configparser>=3.5; python_version < "3"
  Downloading configparser-4.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (22 kB)
Collecting cryptography>=2.5
  Downloading cryptography-2.9.2-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (2.7 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 2.7 MB 15 kB/s 
Collecting pynacl>=1.0.1
  Downloading PyNaCl-1.4.0-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (964 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 964 kB 27 kB/s 
Collecting bcrypt>=3.1.3
  Downloading bcrypt-3.1.7-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (59 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 59 kB 15 kB/s 
Collecting scandir; python_version < "3.5"
  Downloading scandir-1.10.0.tar.gz (33 kB)
Collecting cffi!=1.11.3,>=1.8
  Downloading cffi-1.14.0-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (387 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 387 kB 19 kB/s 
Collecting pycparser
  Downloading pycparser-2.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl (112 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 112 kB 17 kB/s 
Using legacy setup.py install for subprocess32, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy setup.py install for docopt, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy setup.py install for dockerpty, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy setup.py install for functools32, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy setup.py install for pyrsistent, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy setup.py install for scandir, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Installing collected packages: backports.shutil-get-terminal-size, typing, python-dotenv, distro, texttable, six, cached-property, functools32, attrs, pyrsistent, contextlib2, scandir, pathlib2, zipp, configparser, importlib-metadata, jsonschema, subprocess32, docopt, dockerpty, certifi, urllib3, idna, chardet, requests, websocket-client, pycparser, cffi, cryptography, pynacl, bcrypt, paramiko, docker, docker-compose
    Running setup.py install for functools32 ... done
    Running setup.py install for pyrsistent ... done
    Running setup.py install for scandir ... done
    Running setup.py install for subprocess32 ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /usr/bin/python2 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-kRVwx0/subprocess32/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-kRVwx0/subprocess32/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-qwi0Cp/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /usr/include/python2.7/subprocess32
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-kRVwx0/subprocess32/
    Complete output (51 lines):
    /usr/lib64/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'python_requires'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
    copying subprocess32.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
    running build_ext
    running build_configure
    checking for gcc... no
    checking for cc... no
    checking for cl.exe... no
    configure: error: in `/tmp/pip-install-kRVwx0/subprocess32':
    configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
    See `config.log' for more details
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/tmp/pip-install-kRVwx0/subprocess32/setup.py", line 120, in <module>
        main()
      File "/tmp/pip-install-kRVwx0/subprocess32/setup.py", line 114, in main
        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython',
      File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 152, in setup
        dist.run_commands()
      File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
        self.run_command(cmd)
      File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools/command/install.py", line 53, in run
        return _install.run(self)
      File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/distutils/command/install.py", line 563, in run
        self.run_command('build')
      File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 326, in run_command
        self.distribution.run_command(command)
      File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/distutils/command/build.py", line 127, in run
        self.run_command(cmd_name)
      File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 326, in run_command
        self.distribution.run_command(command)
      File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "/tmp/pip-install-kRVwx0/subprocess32/setup.py", line 41, in run
        self.run_command(command)
      File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 326, in run_command
        self.distribution.run_command(command)
      File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "/tmp/pip-install-kRVwx0/subprocess32/setup.py", line 26, in run
        raise RuntimeError(configure_command + ' failed.')
    RuntimeError: sh ./configure failed.
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/bin/python2 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-kRVwx0/subprocess32/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-kRVwx0/subprocess32/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-qwi0Cp/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /usr/include/python2.7/subprocess32 Check the logs for full command output.
[root@docker_node02 ~]#

　　提示：安装若是报以上错误，解决办法yum install gcc libffi-devel python-devel openssl-devel -y；docker-compose是python语言研发的，若是你的主机上没有pip 能够先安装python-pip便可；安装python-pip注意先配置好epel源；mysql

[root@docker_node02 ~]# yum install gcc libffi-devel python-devel openssl-devel -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base                                                                      | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
docker-ce-stable                                                          | 3.5 kB  00:00:00     
epel                                                                      | 4.7 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                    | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                   | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/3): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                        | 2.1 MB  00:00:00     
(2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                                             | 1.0 MB  00:00:03     
(3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db                                             | 6.8 MB  00:00:05     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libgomp = 4.8.5-39.el7 for package: gcc-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.8.5-39.el7 for package: gcc-4.8.5-39.el7.x86_64
……省略部份内容
Installed:
  gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7                       libffi-devel.x86_64 0:3.0.13-19.el7           
  openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-19.el7            python-devel.x86_64 0:2.7.5-88.el7            

Dependency Installed:
  cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7                     glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-307.el7.1              
  glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-307.el7.1         kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1127.10.1.el7     
  keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7      krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.15.1-46.el7                
  libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-17.el7       libkadm5.x86_64 0:1.15.1-46.el7                  
  libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7                   libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-15.el7             
  libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-10.el7            libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7              
  mpfr.x86_64 0:3.1.1-4.el7                     pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7                  
  python-rpm-macros.noarch 0:3-32.el7           python-srpm-macros.noarch 0:3-32.el7             
  python2-rpm-macros.noarch 0:3-32.el7          zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-18.el7                 

Dependency Updated:
  e2fsprogs.x86_64 0:1.42.9-17.el7             e2fsprogs-libs.x86_64 0:1.42.9-17.el7            
  glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-307.el7.1                glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-307.el7.1             
  krb5-libs.x86_64 0:1.15.1-46.el7             libcom_err.x86_64 0:1.42.9-17.el7                
  libffi.x86_64 0:3.0.13-19.el7                libgcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7                     
  libgomp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7                libss.x86_64 0:1.42.9-17.el7                     
  openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-19.el7               openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-19.el7              
  python.x86_64 0:2.7.5-88.el7                 python-libs.x86_64 0:2.7.5-88.el7                
  zlib.x86_64 0:1.2.7-18.el7                  

Complete!
[root@docker_node02 ~]#

　　提示：安装好以上依赖包之后，在来安装docker-compose 就没有问题了；linux

[root@docker_node02 ~]# pip install docker-compose                                
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. pip 21.0 will drop support for Python 2.7 in January 2021. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Collecting docker-compose
  Using cached docker_compose-1.26.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (139 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: backports.shutil-get-terminal-size==1.0.0; python_version < "3.3" in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (1.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied: python-dotenv<1,>=0.13.0 in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (0.13.0)
Requirement already satisfied: distro<2,>=1.5.0 in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (1.5.0)
Requirement already satisfied: texttable<2,>=0.9.0 in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (1.6.2)
Requirement already satisfied: six<2,>=1.3.0 in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (1.15.0)
Requirement already satisfied: cached-property<2,>=1.2.0 in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (1.5.1)
Requirement already satisfied: jsonschema<4,>=2.5.1 in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (3.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: backports.ssl-match-hostname<4,>=3.5; python_version < "3.5" in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (3.5.0.1)
Requirement already satisfied: ipaddress<2,>=1.0.16; python_version < "3.3" in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (1.0.16)
Collecting subprocess32<4,>=3.5.4; python_version < "3.2"
  Using cached subprocess32-3.5.4.tar.gz (97 kB)
Collecting docopt<1,>=0.6.1
  Using cached docopt-0.6.2.tar.gz (25 kB)
Collecting dockerpty<1,>=0.4.1
  Using cached dockerpty-0.4.1.tar.gz (13 kB)
Collecting requests<3,>=2.20.0
  Using cached requests-2.23.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: PyYAML<6,>=3.10 in /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (5.3.1)
Collecting docker[ssh]<5,>=3.7.0
  Using cached docker-4.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (143 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: enum34<2,>=1.0.4; python_version < "3.4" in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (1.0.4)
Collecting websocket-client<1,>=0.32.0
  Using cached websocket_client-0.57.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (200 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: typing; python_version < "3.5" in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from python-dotenv<1,>=0.13.0->docker-compose) (3.7.4.1)
Requirement already satisfied: functools32; python_version < "3" in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from jsonschema<4,>=2.5.1->docker-compose) (3.2.3.post2)
Requirement already satisfied: attrs>=17.4.0 in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from jsonschema<4,>=2.5.1->docker-compose) (19.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from jsonschema<4,>=2.5.1->docker-compose) (0.9.8)
Requirement already satisfied: pyrsistent>=0.14.0 in /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages (from jsonschema<4,>=2.5.1->docker-compose) (0.16.0)
Requirement already satisfied: importlib-metadata; python_version < "3.8" in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from jsonschema<4,>=2.5.1->docker-compose) (1.6.1)
Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17
  Using cached certifi-2020.4.5.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (157 kB)
Collecting urllib3!=1.25.0,!=1.25.1,<1.26,>=1.21.1
  Using cached urllib3-1.25.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl (126 kB)
Collecting idna<3,>=2.5
  Using cached idna-2.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 kB)
Collecting chardet<4,>=3.0.2
  Using cached chardet-3.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (133 kB)
Collecting paramiko>=2.4.2; extra == "ssh"
  Using cached paramiko-2.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (206 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: contextlib2; python_version < "3" in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from importlib-metadata; python_version < "3.8"->jsonschema<4,>=2.5.1->docker-compose) (0.6.0.post1)
Requirement already satisfied: pathlib2; python_version < "3" in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from importlib-metadata; python_version < "3.8"->jsonschema<4,>=2.5.1->docker-compose) (2.3.5)
Requirement already satisfied: zipp>=0.5 in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from importlib-metadata; python_version < "3.8"->jsonschema<4,>=2.5.1->docker-compose) (1.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: configparser>=3.5; python_version < "3" in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from importlib-metadata; python_version < "3.8"->jsonschema<4,>=2.5.1->docker-compose) (4.0.2)
Collecting cryptography>=2.5
  Using cached cryptography-2.9.2-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (2.7 MB)
Collecting pynacl>=1.0.1
  Using cached PyNaCl-1.4.0-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (964 kB)
Collecting bcrypt>=3.1.3
  Using cached bcrypt-3.1.7-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (59 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: scandir; python_version < "3.5" in /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages (from pathlib2; python_version < "3"->importlib-metadata; python_version < "3.8"->jsonschema<4,>=2.5.1->docker-compose) (1.10.0)
Collecting cffi!=1.11.3,>=1.8
  Using cached cffi-1.14.0-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (387 kB)
Collecting pycparser
  Using cached pycparser-2.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl (112 kB)
Using legacy setup.py install for subprocess32, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy setup.py install for docopt, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Using legacy setup.py install for dockerpty, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Installing collected packages: subprocess32, docopt, dockerpty, certifi, urllib3, idna, chardet, requests, websocket-client, pycparser, cffi, cryptography, pynacl, bcrypt, paramiko, docker, docker-compose
    Running setup.py install for subprocess32 ... done
    Running setup.py install for docopt ... done
    Running setup.py install for dockerpty ... done
  Attempting uninstall: chardet
    Found existing installation: chardet 2.2.1
    Uninstalling chardet-2.2.1:
      Successfully uninstalled chardet-2.2.1
Successfully installed bcrypt-3.1.7 certifi-2020.4.5.2 cffi-1.14.0 chardet-3.0.4 cryptography-2.9.2 docker-4.2.1 docker-compose-1.26.0 dockerpty-0.4.1 docopt-0.6.2 idna-2.9 paramiko-2.7.1 pycparser-2.20 pynacl-1.4.0 requests-2.23.0 subprocess32-3.5.4 urllib3-1.25.9 websocket-client-0.57.0
[root@docker_node02 ~]# docker-compose --version
docker-compose version 1.26.0, build unknown
[root@docker_node02 ~]#

　　提示：若是可以看到docker-compose的版本信息，就表示docker-compose安装好了；nginx

　　二、yum 安装web

[root@docker_node01 ~]# yum install -y docker-compose
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package docker-compose.noarch 0:1.18.0-4.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=================================================================================================
 Package                    Arch               Version                    Repository        Size
=================================================================================================
Installing:
 docker-compose             noarch             1.18.0-4.el7               epel             222 k

Transaction Summary
=================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 222 k
Installed size: 1.1 M
Downloading packages:
docker-compose-1.18.0-4.el7.noarch.rpm                                    | 222 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : docker-compose-1.18.0-4.el7.noarch                                            1/1 
  Verifying  : docker-compose-1.18.0-4.el7.noarch                                            1/1 

Installed:
  docker-compose.noarch 0:1.18.0-4.el7                                                           

Complete!
[root@docker_node01 ~]# docker-compose -v
docker-compose version 1.18.0, build 8dd22a9
[root@docker_node01 ~]#

　　提示：本人推荐使用yum安装；从上面的过程来看yum是最方便最简洁的；sql

　　接下来咱们来构建一个docker-compose.yml配置文件，而后使用docker-compose来管理启动docker

[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# pwd
/root/docker_compose_project
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# ls
docker-compose.yml
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# cat docker-compose.yml 
version: "3"
services:
  web1:
    image: nginx:1.14-alpine
    ports:
      - "80:80"
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]#

　　提示：以上docker-compose.yml表示启动一个容器，并暴露端口；docker-compose.yml这个文件须要注意空格；每一级的缩进必须相同，不然会报错；docker-compose.yml中主要就是两个重要的概念，服务（services）和项目（project）；所谓服务就是一个应用容器，实际上也能够包含若干运行相同镜像的容器示例；项目就是由一组关联的应用容器组成的一个完整业务单元（若干服务共同服务组成）数据库

　　启动docker-compose.yml中定义的服务

[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# ls
docker-compose.yml
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# docker-compose up -d
Pulling web1 (nginx:1.14-alpine)...
1.14-alpine: Pulling from library/nginx
bdf0201b3a05: Pull complete
3d0a573c81ed: Pull complete
8129faeb2eb6: Pull complete
3dc99f571daf: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:485b610fefec7ff6c463ced9623314a04ed67e3945b9c08d7e53a47f6d108dc7
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.14-alpine
Creating dockercomposeproject_web1_1 ... done
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               1.14-alpine         8a2fb25a19f5        14 months ago       16MB
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
6fcb757fdace        nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   7 seconds ago       Up 6 seconds        0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   dockercomposeproject_web1_1
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]#

　　提示：能够看到咱们直接使用docker-compose up -d 就能够直接启动为一个nginx容器；这里须要注意一点的是在执行docker-compose命令必需要在docker-compose.yml所在目录执行。由于docker-compose这个命令会在在当前目录查找docker-compose；而后根据docker-compose.yml文件中定义的services来启动容器；docker-compose up表示建立容器并运行 -d表示把后台运行容器（不占据当前终端）；

　　中止docker-compose定义的服务

[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
46b62e878cf9        nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   3 minutes ago       Up 8 seconds        0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   dockercomposeproject_web1_1
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# docker-compose stop
Stopping dockercomposeproject_web1_1 ... done
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]#

　　启动docker-compose定义的服务

[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# docker-compose start
Starting web1 ... done
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
46b62e878cf9        nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   3 minutes ago       Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   dockercomposeproject_web1_1
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]#

　　测试：用浏览器访问宿主机的80，看看是否可以访问到容器的nginx服务？

　　提示：能够看到咱们访问宿主机的80是可以正常访问的；说明咱们在docker-compose.yml文件中定义的容器和暴露的端口都已正常启动并把对应的端口暴露给宿主机；

　　示例：自定义容器名称

　　提示：container_name表示指定运行容器的名称；

　　提示：若是默认不指定容器名称，docker会默认命名为项目名称_+服务名称+第几个容器相似这种逻辑；项目名称就是docker-compose.yml文件所在目录名称，一般它会把"_"，"-"下划线中横线都去掉；

　　验证：中止现有容器，从新启动容器，看看容器名称是否更改？

　　提示：更改了docker-compose.yml文件后，必须使用up 命令来从新读取docker-compose.yml文件，根据文件中的内容从新启动运行容器；若是使用start来启动，咱们在docker-compose.yml中新定义的内容是不会生效的；

　　示例：查看容器进程

　　提示：docker-compose ps 显示的信息要比docker ps 显示的信息更为精简；

　　示例：从docker compose启动多个容器

[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# cat docker-compose.yml 
version: "3"
services:
  web1:
    container_name: myweb1
    image: nginx:1.14-alpine
    ports:
      - "80:80"
  web2:
    container_name: myweb2
    image: nginx:1.14-alpine
    ports:
      - "81:80"
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]#

　　提示：以上docker-compose.yml文件定义了两个服务，web1和web2；这里须要注意一点服务名称或id不能相同；容器的名称也必须是惟一的；

　　验证：中止现有容器，从新读取docker-compose.yml文件，看看是否会启动两个nginx容器？

　　提示：能够看到myweb2也正常启动了，并把容器内部的80映射为宿主机的81端口；

　　验证：用浏览器访问宿主机的81端口，看看是否可以访问获得？

　　提示：能够看到81端口是能够正常访问的；

　　示例：定义数据卷挂载

　　提示：以上红框中的内容表示把宿主机上的/data/nginx/目录挂载到容器内部的/usr/share/nginx/html目录下；

　　重启容器

　　提示：能够看到容器内部已经能够访问咱们对应宿主机上的文件；

　　验证：用浏览器访问宿主机的80看看是否可以访问到咱们提供的index.html页面？

　　提示：用浏览器访问能够正常访问到宿主机挂载到容器内部的index.html文件内容；

　　示例：重启单个服务

　　提示：docker-compose管理的是以服务为单位，因此咱们管理单个服务须要指定服务端名称，而非容器的名称；

　　示例：重启全部服务

　　提示：重启全部服务docker-compose会自动读取docker-compose.yml文件中定义的服务，来重启容器；

　　示例：利用docker-compose一件部署wordpress

[root@docker_node01 wordpress]# cat docker-compose.yml 
version: '3.3'

services:
   wordpress:
     depends_on:
       - db
     image: wordpress:latest
     volumes:
       - wordpress_files:/var/www/html
     ports:
       - "80:80"
     restart: always
     environment:
       WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db:3306
       WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: wordpress
       WORDPRESS_DB_USER: wordpress
       WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: admin123.com

   db:
     image: mysql:5.7
     volumes:
       - db_data:/var/lib/mysql
     restart: always
     environment:
       MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: my_db_root_password
       MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
       MYSQL_USER: wordpress
       MYSQL_PASSWORD: admin123.com
volumes:
    wordpress_files:
    db_data: 
[root@docker_node01 wordpress]#

　　提示：version表示配置文件版本，depends_on表示指定依赖的服务列表；restart指令表示重启策略，restart：always就表示只要出现问题就重启；environment表示定义传给容器的环境变量；volumes:表示定义两个存储卷。这里是直接定义两个卷的名字，并无指定对应目录；这种卷就是docker自身管理的卷，一般在/var/lib/docker/volumes/服务名_+卷名/_data/；以上就启动两个服务，wordpress依赖db服务；这里须要注意一点，数据库容器启动必需要传环境变量给容器，好比MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD就表示给mysql设定root密码；

　　验证：中止nginx容器，启动wordpress

[root@docker_node01 wordpress]# pwd
/root/wordpress
[root@docker_node01 wordpress]# ls
docker-compose.yml
[root@docker_node01 wordpress]# cd 
[root@docker_node01 ~]# cd docker_compose_project/
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# ls
docker-compose.yml
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# docker-compose stop
Stopping myweb2 ... done
Stopping myweb1 ... done
[root@docker_node01 docker_compose_project]# cd ../wordpress/
[root@docker_node01 wordpress]# pwd
/root/wordpress
[root@docker_node01 wordpress]# ls
docker-compose.yml
[root@docker_node01 wordpress]#docker-compose up -d
Creating network "wordpress_default" with the default driver
Creating volume "wordpress_wordpress_files" with default driver
Creating volume "wordpress_db_data" with default driver
Pulling db (mysql:5.7)...
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
8559a31e96f4: Pull complete
d51ce1c2e575: Pull complete
c2344adc4858: Pull complete
fcf3ceff18fc: Pull complete
16da0c38dc5b: Pull complete
b905d1797e97: Pull complete
4b50d1c6b05c: Pull complete
d85174a87144: Pull complete
a4ad33703fa8: Pull complete
f7a5433ce20d: Pull complete
3dcd2a278b4a: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:32f9d9a069f7a735e28fd44ea944d53c61f990ba71460c5c183e610854ca4854
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
Pulling wordpress (wordpress:latest)...
latest: Pulling from library/wordpress
8559a31e96f4: Already exists
e0276193a084: Pull complete
eb2d00c10344: Pull complete
f54006e0dc29: Pull complete
e0d3d1244592: Pull complete
3a60f364b0c5: Pull complete
3e309988c00b: Pull complete
bff5c52c95f4: Pull complete
c9086065e896: Pull complete
f07bb8dcc770: Pull complete
7ad826bc3623: Pull complete
0f6a0743d973: Pull complete
43b190adf511: Pull complete
cc02e4c247ac: Pull complete
cd5c5e392dc3: Pull complete
a029df01fe2d: Pull complete
6c942bd52caf: Pull complete
804bbda23122: Pull complete
bb70a73ffdf7: Pull complete
9c44164d321c: Pull complete
ba02d5b98827: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:602ea0959040cd101e5e6923474612a15f9dd330ab45ceaec4e07dc762d674c0
Creating wordpress_db_1        ... done
Creating wordpress_db_1        ... 
Creating wordpress_wordpress_1 ... done
[root@docker_node01 wordpress]#docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                 NAMES
cf61629c8f36        wordpress:latest    "docker-entrypoint.s…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp    wordpress_wordpress_1
04cc6dcddd7d        mysql:5.7           "docker-entrypoint.s…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   wordpress_db_1
[root@docker_node01 wordpress]#

　　提示：能够看到wordpress和mysql容器都跑起来了；

　　验证：用浏览器访问宿主机80，看看是否访问到wordpress?

　　提示：能够看到wordpress是能够直接访问的，而且不须要咱们再设置数据了，由于咱们在docker-compose.yml中设置好了，这里直接安装便可；

　　经过上面的演示，咱们利用docker-compose就能够轻松部署一个应用，咱们只须要在docker-compose.yml中定义好每一个容器间的依赖关系，存储卷等等一系列关系，而后经过docker-compose 直接就能够根据咱们定义的关系来启动容器；以上就是docker-compose的简单示例和使用说明；有关docker-compose.yml中指令的说明能够参考官方文档https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/#service-configuration-reference；