分析轮子(一)-ArrayList.java

前言:以前也看过一些JDK源码,不过没有留下痕迹,经久年月就淡忘了,如今的时机也差很少了,想再看一次,而且记录下来本身的感想,因而从本身使用最多最熟悉的地方开始!而且看的过程当中,我但愿本身思考一下以下的问题:数组

1:若是让我设计,我怎么玩?数据结构

2:原做者为何这样设计?app

3:它的底层实现是什么玩意?有什么特色?dom

4:平时使用的时候,须要注意些什么东西?函数

5:原设计有什么特别好玩的点?性能

 

注:玩的是JDK1.7版本ui

 

一:先上类的继承结构图this

细细看上图,其实就能透露出一些关键的信息,好比:spa

1:实现Serializable接口,表示ArrayList是可序列化的设计

2:实现RandomAccess接口,表示ArrayList是可快速随机访问的

3:实现Cloneable接口,表示ArrayList是能够调用Object.clone方法的

4:实现Iterable接口,表示容许ArrayList使用迭代遍历的方式循环

 

二:再看一下他的底层实现数据结构

三:而后从源码中找点好玩的东西

从源码中能够看出ArrayList的底层数据结构是一个数组,因此,它全部的操做都是围绕着数组来玩的。

1)观察以下代码,咱们能够了解到以下信息

     private 表示不能被类外操做

     transient 表示经过实现Serializable接口的方式来序列化时,被其标识的类变量能够不被序列化

    Object[] 表示ArrayList的通用性

    /**
     * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.
     * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any
     * empty ArrayList with elementData == EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA will be expanded to
     * DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.
     */
    private transient Object[] elementData;

 

2)size表示数组中元素的个数,对于数组数据结构而言,数据长度至关重要

    /**
     * The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains).
     *
     * @serial
     */
    private int size;

3)观察以下源码,咱们能够看到以下信息

   ArrayList的无参构造函数,初始化的数组对象是一个空数组

   ArrayList的有参构造函数,初始化的对象是根据指定的空间大小来分配数组的空间的

   ArrayList是一个动态扩展的数据集合从 grow 方法中可见一二,而且当它的空间不够的时候会扩展为(大概是这样他还有一些最大最小长度的判断逻辑): 原总长度+原总长度的一半

   固然ArrayList的元素的值也是有限的最大是 Integer.MAX_VALUE

    /**
     * Shared empty array instance used for empty instances.
     */
    private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
    /**
     * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.
     */
    public ArrayList() {
        super();
        this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    }
    /**
     * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.
     *
     * @param  initialCapacity  the initial capacity of the list
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity
     *         is negative
     */
    public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
        super();
        if (initialCapacity < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
    }
    /**
     * Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
     *
     * @param e element to be appended to this list
     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
     */
    public boolean add(E e) {
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        elementData[size++] = e;
        return true;
    }
    private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
        if (elementData == EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
            minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
        }

        ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
    }
    private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        modCount++;

        // overflow-conscious code
        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
            grow(minCapacity);
    }
    /**
     * Increases the capacity to ensure that it can hold at least the
     * number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
     *
     * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity
     */
    private void grow(int minCapacity) {
        // overflow-conscious code
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minCapacity;
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
        // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
    }

    private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
            throw new OutOfMemoryError();
        return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
            Integer.MAX_VALUE :
            MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
    }
    /**
     * The maximum size of array to allocate.
     * Some VMs reserve some header words in an array.
     * Attempts to allocate larger arrays may result in
     * OutOfMemoryError: Requested array size exceeds VM limit
     */
    private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;

 4)观察以下源代码,能够看到ArrayList是能够放null的,而且删除元素涉及到数据的移位复制操做是比较耗费性能的

    /**
     * Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list,
     * if it is present.  If the list does not contain the element, it is
     * unchanged.  More formally, removes the element with the lowest index
     * <tt>i</tt> such that
     * <tt>(o==null&nbsp;?&nbsp;get(i)==null&nbsp;:&nbsp;o.equals(get(i)))</tt>
     * (if such an element exists).  Returns <tt>true</tt> if this list
     * contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this list
     * changed as a result of the call).
     *
     * @param o element to be removed from this list, if present
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list contained the specified element
     */
    public boolean remove(Object o) {
        if (o == null) {
            for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
                if (elementData[index] == null) {
                    fastRemove(index);
                    return true;
                }
        } else {
            for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
                if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
                    fastRemove(index);
                    return true;
                }
        }
        return false;
    }
    /*
     * Private remove method that skips bounds checking and does not
     * return the value removed.
     */
    private void fastRemove(int index) {
        modCount++;
        int numMoved = size - index - 1;
        if (numMoved > 0)
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                             numMoved);
        elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
    }

四:小结

经过观察ArrayList的源码,发现以下一些特色:

1:ArrayList的底层数据结构是数组,全部,数组这种数据结构的特色ArrayList应该也是具备的,这是他的本质

2:数组或者ArrayList这种数据结构的特色是,随机访问、循环遍历等性能好,指定位置插入或删除元素会涉及数组元素的复制,性能较差

3:ArrayList的底层数据是Object[],因此,具备很好的通用性,null也是能够存入ArrayList中的

4:ArrayList在添加元素的时候,首先会进行容量检测,若是不够会进行动态扩容

5:ArrayList使用的很是之多,使用起来也很是简单,不过看源码并不复杂,可是有些东西若是彻底弄清楚也非易事,下面我会补充一些内容以供扫除阅读源码产生的一些障碍

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