Binder机制的应用——双应用间的通讯

前言

以前的一篇文章说过了Binder机制的总结与应用,里面的是《Android开发艺术探索》一书的例子,今天特地将Binder机制应用到双应用之间的通讯上,看是否能够实现跨进程的通讯。java

客户端

一、首先建立两个aidl文件,分别为Phone.aidlIPhoneManager.aidl,分别表示一个实体类和一个管理类。以下图所示: android

客户端aidl文件结构

Phone.aidl的具体代码以下:ios

// Phone.aidl
package com.example.runningh.myapplication.phone;

// Declare any non-default types here with import statements

parcelable Phone;
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IPhoneManager.aidl的具体代码以下:bash

// IPhoneManager.aidl
package com.example.runningh.myapplication.phone;
import com.example.runningh.myapplication.phone.Phone;

// Declare any non-default types here with import statements

interface IPhoneManager {
    List<Phone> getPhoneList();
    void addPhone(in Phone phone);
}
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二、而后建立Phone.java类,Phone.java类的package路径必需要和上面建立的Phone.aidl路径保持一致,不然即便IPhoneManager.java类编译出来了仍是会报错。上面的例子,Phone.java的package路径为com.example.runningh.myapplication.phone,以下图所示: markdown

Phone.java结构

Phone.java的代码以下所示:app

package com.example.runningh.myapplication.phone;

import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;

/**
 * Created by RunningH on 2018/1/11.
 */

public class Phone implements Parcelable {

    public String phoneName;
    public int price;
    public int density;

    public Phone(String phoneName, int price, int density) {
        this.phoneName = phoneName;
        this.price = price;
        this.density = density;
    }

    protected Phone(Parcel in) {
        this.phoneName = in.readString();
        this.price = in.readInt();
        this.density = in.readInt();
    }


    public static final Creator<Phone> CREATOR = new Creator<Phone>() {
        @Override
        public Phone createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
            return new Phone(in);
        }

        @Override
        public Phone[] newArray(int size) {
            return new Phone[size];
        }
    };

    @Override
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeString(phoneName);
        dest.writeInt(price);
        dest.writeInt(density);
    }
}
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三、接着执行build命令,生成IPhoneManager.java文件,具体能够在build/generated/source/aidl/debug/xxx下面找到,例如我本身的就是在build/generated/source/aidl/debug/com.example.runningh.myapplication/phone目录下,以下图所示: ide

IPhoneManager.java所在目录

四、最后就是编写客户端和服务端的通讯类了,咱们使用PhoneActivity启动服务端的远程服务来和服务端进行通讯。以下是PhoneActivity类的代码:布局

package com.example.runningh.myapplication.phone;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.example.runningh.myapplication.R;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by RunningH on 2018/1/11.
 */

public class PhoneActivity extends Activity {
    TextView phoneListView;
    TextView phonePriceView;
    private TextView phoneDensityView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.phone_activity);
        phoneListView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.phone_list);
        phonePriceView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.phone_price);
        phoneDensityView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.phone_density);
        getDataFromRemote();
    }

    private void getDataFromRemote() {
        //这里的”com.example.runningh.phoneservice"是后面服务端Service定义的action的名字 Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.runningh.phoneservice"); //这里的"com.example.runningh.myapplicationtest"为服务端APP的包名,不设置会报错 intent.setPackage("com.example.runningh.myapplicationtest"); bindService(intent, new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { //获取服务端的IPhoneManager对象的代理 IPhoneManager iPhoneManager = IPhoneManager.Stub.asInterface(service); try { final List<Phone> phoneList = iPhoneManager.getPhoneList(); //获取服务端的Phone列表 if (phoneList != null && phoneList.size() > 0) { final StringBuilder nameBuilder = new StringBuilder(); final StringBuilder priceBuilder = new StringBuilder(); final StringBuilder densityBuilder = new StringBuilder(); for (Phone phone : phoneList) { nameBuilder.append("phoneName=" + phone.phoneName + "; "); priceBuilder.append("price=" + phone.price + "; "); densityBuilder.append("density=" + phone.density + "; "); } //因为这里是在子线程,因此展现信息时要在主线程运行 runOnUiThread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { phoneListView.setText(nameBuilder.toString()); phonePriceView.setText(priceBuilder.toString()); phoneDensityView.setText(densityBuilder.toString()); } }); //客户端将新建一个Phone类添加到服务端 iPhoneManager.addPhone(new Phone("vivo", 2900, 2000)); } } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { } }, BIND_AUTO_CREATE); } } 复制代码

上面简单地在Activity中开启了一个远程服务,链接到了服务端,并获取服务端的代理对象,而后获取服务端的信息,同时也实现了将客户端的信息添加到服务端。 布局文件的代码就不贴出来了,也就是几个TextView,来对服务端的信息进行展现。ui

特别须要注意的是,客户端链接服务端对象时,还要设置服务端的包名,不然会报错。如上面的代码所示,使用intent.setPackage设置了服务端的包名。this

服务端

一、将客户端的两个aidl文件,Phone.aidlIPhoneManager.aidl复制到服务端,而且保持package路径一致。以下图所示:

服务端aidl文件结构

二、将客户端的实体类Phone.java复制到服务端,而且保持package路径一致。以下图所示:

服务端Phone.java结构图

三、定义一个服务类,PhoneService.java,客户端开启的服务就是这个服务,在这个服务中返回服务端的代理对象给到客户端。代码以下所示:

package com.example.runningh.myapplication;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;

import com.example.runningh.myapplication.phone.IPhoneManager;
import com.example.runningh.myapplication.phone.Phone;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by RunningH on 2018/1/12.
 */

public class PhoneService extends Service {
    private Binder myBinder = new IPhoneManager.Stub() {
        @Override
        public List<Phone> getPhoneList() throws RemoteException {
            Phone phone = new Phone("android", 1000, 500);
            List<Phone> phones = new ArrayList<>();
            phones.add(phone);
            phones.add(new Phone("ios", 5000, 1000));
            return phones;
        }

        @Override
        public void addPhone(Phone phone) throws RemoteException {
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.putExtra("phone", phone);
            intent.setAction("test");
            sendBroadcast(intent); //将客户端发过来的信息经过广播的形式发送给Activity,Activity再进行展现。
        }
    };

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return myBinder; //返回一个代理对象给客户端
    }
}
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还记得客户端链接服务端Service的代码吗?该Service就是客户端须要启动的对象。咱们须要在Manifest中注册该Service,而且设置过滤的Action。以下所示:

<service android:name="com.example.runningh.myapplication.PhoneService">
      <intent-filter>
          <action android:name="com.example.runningh.phoneservice" />
      </intent-filter>
</service>
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四、新建一个Activity,叫作MainActivity好了。里面要作的事情是注册一个广播并监听PhoneService发过来的内容,对客户端的信息进行展现。具体代码以下:

package com.example.runningh.myapplication;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Parcelable;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.example.runningh.myapplication.phone.Phone;
import com.example.runningh.myapplicationtest.R;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private TextView infoView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        infoView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.info);
        registerReceiver(new MyReceiver(), new IntentFilter("test"));
    }


    class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();
            if (action.equals("test")) {
                final Phone phone = intent.getParcelableExtra("phone");
                runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        infoView.setText("phone.name=" + phone.phoneName + "; phone.price=" + phone.price + "; phone.desity=" + phone.density);
                    }
                });
            }
        }
    }
}
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总结

通过了上述客户端和服务端两步,咱们完成了客户端和服务端的逻辑代码,分别启动安装上述的客户端和服务端的APP,从客户端能够看到服务端的信息,而从服务端能够看到从客户端传递过来的信息,从而使用Binder实现了应用间的跨进程通讯。最后看一下客户端和服务端的截图:

客户端获取到服务端的信息展现

服务端获取到客户端的信息展现
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