logback管理日志入门

时间  2019-12-07
标签 logback 管理 日志 入门 繁體版
原文   原文链接

Logback是由log4j创始人设计的又一个开源日志组件。logback当前分红三个模块：logback-core,logback-classic和logback-access。logback-core是其它两个模块的基础模块。logback-classic是log4j的一个改良版本。此外logback-classic完整实现SLF4J API使你能够很方便地更换成其它日志系统如log4j或JDK14 Logging。logback-access访问模块与Servlet容器集成提供经过Http来访问日志的功能。html

依赖配置

  • logback的核心，logback-core包java

  • logback建议使用slf4j来管理日志，方便替换底层实现，要用slf4j，就在依赖中加入logback-classic包和slf4j-api包。mysql

  • 加入junit测试。sql

pom.xml:数据库

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.fengyuan</groupId>
    <artifactId>logback-demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

配置文件

在项目classpath下加入logback.xml:apache

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration debug="true" scan="true" scanPeriod="30 seconds">
    
    <!-- 输出到控制台 -->
    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%level] - %m%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

    <!-- error日志 -->
    <!-- 按日期滚动日志 -->
    <appender name="ERROR-OUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <!-- 日志存放位置 -->
        <file>logs/error.log</file> 
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%class:%line] - %m%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>ERROR</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log.zip</fileNamePattern>
            <!-- 保存30天历史 -->
            <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>

    <!-- info日志 -->
    <!-- 按文件大小滚动日志 -->
    <appender name="INFO-OUT"
        class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>logs/info.log</file>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%class:%line] - %m%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>INFO</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.FixedWindowRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>info.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <minIndex>1</minIndex>
            <maxIndex>3</maxIndex>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <triggeringPolicy
            class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
            <maxFileSize>5MB</maxFileSize>
        </triggeringPolicy>
    </appender>

    <!-- debug日志 -->
    <!-- 按日期和大小滚动日志 -->
    <appender name="DEBUG-OUT"
        class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>logs/debug.log</file>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%class:%line] - %m%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>DEBUG</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>debug-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy
                class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>100MB</maxFileSize>
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>

    <!-- 配置好前面对应的appender -->
    <root level="debug">
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
        <appender-ref ref="ERROR-OUT" />
        <appender-ref ref="INFO-OUT" />
        <appender-ref ref="DEBUG-OUT" />
    </root>
</configuration>

包括日志文件的路径，保存的时间，已经滚动的策略都在配置文件中配置，具体看注释。配置文件是从棂枫的这篇博客里学习的，感谢。api

测试

测试类：app

package com.fengyuan.client;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;


public class Main {
    
    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Main.class);
    
    @Test
    public void testLogBack() {
        log.debug("I am debug");
        log.info("I am info");
        log.error("I am error");
        
        try {
            throw new IllegalStateException("I am exception");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }
}

执行结果：eclipse

  • 控制台输出：maven

10:35:19,739 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext[default] - Could NOT find resource [logback.groovy]
10:35:19,739 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext[default] - Could NOT find resource [logback-test.xml]
10:35:19,739 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext[default] - Found resource [logback.xml] at [file:/D:/scm-workspace/logback-demo/target/classes/logback.xml]
10:35:19,803 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ConfigurationAction - Setting ReconfigureOnChangeFilter scanning period to 30 seconds
10:35:19,803 |-INFO in ReconfigureOnChangeFilter{invocationCounter=0} - Will scan for changes in [[D:\scm-workspace\logback-demo\target\classes\logback.xml]] every 30 seconds. 
10:35:19,803 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ConfigurationAction - Adding ReconfigureOnChangeFilter as a turbo filter
10:35:19,810 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - About to instantiate appender of type [ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender]
10:35:19,812 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - Naming appender as [STDOUT]
10:35:19,826 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.NestedComplexPropertyIA - Assuming default type [ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder] for [encoder] property
10:35:19,848 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - About to instantiate appender of type [ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender]
10:35:19,850 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - Naming appender as [ERROR-OUT]
10:35:19,854 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.NestedComplexPropertyIA - Assuming default type [ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder] for [encoder] property
10:35:19,866 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy - Will use zip compression
10:35:19,868 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy - Will use the pattern error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log for the active file
10:35:19,875 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.DefaultTimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy - The date pattern is 'yyyy-MM-dd' from file name pattern 'error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log.zip'.
10:35:19,875 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.DefaultTimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy - Roll-over at midnight.
10:35:19,877 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.DefaultTimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy - Setting initial period to Fri Aug 26 10:35:19 CST 2016
10:35:19,879 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[ERROR-OUT] - Active log file name: logs/error.log
10:35:19,879 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[ERROR-OUT] - File property is set to [logs/error.log]
10:35:19,880 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - About to instantiate appender of type [ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender]
10:35:19,880 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - Naming appender as [INFO-OUT]
10:35:19,881 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.NestedComplexPropertyIA - Assuming default type [ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder] for [encoder] property
10:35:19,884 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.FixedWindowRollingPolicy@234bef66 - No compression will be used
10:35:19,887 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[INFO-OUT] - Active log file name: logs/info.log
10:35:19,887 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[INFO-OUT] - File property is set to [logs/info.log]
10:35:19,887 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - About to instantiate appender of type [ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender]
10:35:19,887 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - Naming appender as [DEBUG-OUT]
10:35:19,888 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.NestedComplexPropertyIA - Assuming default type [ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder] for [encoder] property
10:35:19,893 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy - No compression will be used
10:35:19,893 |-INFO in c.q.l.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy - Will use the pattern debug-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log for the active file
10:35:19,894 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP@39fb3ab6 - The date pattern is 'yyyy-MM-dd' from file name pattern 'debug-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log'.
10:35:19,894 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP@39fb3ab6 - Roll-over at midnight.
10:35:19,894 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP@39fb3ab6 - Setting initial period to Fri Aug 26 10:35:19 CST 2016
10:35:19,895 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[DEBUG-OUT] - Active log file name: logs/debug.log
10:35:19,895 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender[DEBUG-OUT] - File property is set to [logs/debug.log]
10:35:19,895 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - About to instantiate appender of type [ch.qos.logback.classic.db.DBAppender]
10:35:19,899 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderAction - Naming appender as [DB]
10:35:20,088 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.db.DriverManagerConnectionSource@63753b6d - Driver name=MySQL Connector Java
10:35:20,088 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.db.DriverManagerConnectionSource@63753b6d - Driver version=mysql-connector-java-5.1.38 ( Revision: fe541c166cec739c74cc727c5da96c1028b4834a )
10:35:20,088 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.db.DriverManagerConnectionSource@63753b6d - supportsGetGeneratedKeys=true
10:35:20,090 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.RootLoggerAction - Setting level of ROOT logger to DEBUG
10:35:20,091 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderRefAction - Attaching appender named [STDOUT] to Logger[ROOT]
10:35:20,091 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderRefAction - Attaching appender named [ERROR-OUT] to Logger[ROOT]
10:35:20,091 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderRefAction - Attaching appender named [INFO-OUT] to Logger[ROOT]
10:35:20,091 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.action.AppenderRefAction - Attaching appender named [DEBUG-OUT] to Logger[ROOT]
10:35:20,091 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.action.ConfigurationAction - End of configuration.
10:35:20,092 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.JoranConfigurator@731a74c - Registering current configuration as safe fallback point
2016-08-26 10:35:20 [DEBUG] - I am debug
2016-08-26 10:35:20 [INFO] - I am info
2016-08-26 10:35:20 [ERROR] - I am error
2016-08-26 10:35:20 [ERROR] - I am exception
java.lang.IllegalStateException: I am exception
    at com.fengyuan.client.Main.testLogBack(Main.java:19) ~[classes/:na]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_65]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_65]
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_65]
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497) ~[na:1.8.0_65]
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192) [.cp/:na]

  • 在项目路径下多了一个logs文件夹，里面有3个文件，每一个文件记录对应的日志：
    clipboard.png

Lombok

能够借助Lombok来简化代码的编写。
有了Lombok，只须要在要写日志的类中加入@Slf4j等注解，不用再写private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Main.class);

使用Lombok后的测试类：

package com.fengyuan.client;

import org.junit.Test;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j
public class Main {
    
    @Test
    public void testLogBack() {
        log.debug("I am debug");
        log.info("I am info");
        log.error("I am error");
        
        try {
            throw new IllegalStateException("I am exception");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }
}

日志输出到数据库

建表

首先在数据库中建三张表，用来存储日志记录：

BEGIN;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS logging_event_property;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS logging_event_exception;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS logging_event;
COMMIT;

BEGIN;
CREATE TABLE logging_event( 
timestmp BIGINT NOT NULL, 
formatted_message  TEXT NOT NULL, 
logger_name VARCHAR(254) NOT NULL, 
level_string VARCHAR(254) NOT NULL, 
thread_name  VARCHAR(254), 
reference_flag SMALLINT, 
arg0 VARCHAR(254),
arg1 VARCHAR(254),
arg2 VARCHAR(254), 
arg3 VARCHAR(254), 
caller_filename VARCHAR(254) NOT NULL, 
caller_class VARCHAR(254) NOT NULL, 
caller_method VARCHAR(254) NOT NULL, 
caller_line CHAR(4) NOT NULL, 
event_id BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY
);
COMMIT;

BEGIN;
CREATE TABLE logging_event_property( 
event_id BIGINT NOT NULL, 
mapped_key VARCHAR(254) NOT NULL, 
mapped_value TEXT, 
PRIMARY KEY(event_id, mapped_key), 
FOREIGN KEY (event_id) REFERENCES logging_event(event_id)
);
COMMIT;

BEGIN;
CREATE TABLE logging_event_exception (
event_id BIGINT NOT NULL, 
i SMALLINT NOT NULL, 
trace_line VARCHAR(254) NOT NULL, 
PRIMARY KEY(event_id, i), 
FOREIGN KEY (event_id) REFERENCES logging_event(event_id)    
);
COMMIT;

配置

在logback.xml中加入输出到数据库的appender，配置好数据源：

<!-- 输出到数据库 -->
    <appender name="DB" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.db.DBAppender">
        <connectionSource
            class="ch.qos.logback.core.db.DriverManagerConnectionSource">
            <driverClass>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</driverClass>
            <url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</url>
            <user>root</user>
            <password>123456</password>
        </connectionSource>
    </appender>

加入引用

<appender-ref ref="DB" />

加入数据库驱动依赖

这一步不少人容易忘记，配置好相应的配置以后，要记得加入mysql驱动的依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.38</version>
</dependency>

而后，日志就会输出到数据表中了。

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