HTML4.01规范-文本(2)

时间 2019-12-24

原文原文链接

Note. We recommend that style sheet implementations provide a mechanism for inserting quotation marks before and after a quotation delimited by BLOCKQUOTE in a manner appropriate to the current language context and the degree of nesting of quotations.html

注释。咱们建议样式表的实现能够提供一种根据当前的语言上下文以及嵌套深度向BLOCKQUOTE框定的引文的头部和尾部插入引号的机制。
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However, as some authors have used BLOCKQUOTE merely as a mechanism to indent text, in order to preserve the intention of the authors, user agents should not insert quotation marks in the default style.express

然而，因为一些做者已经将BLOCKQUOTE最为一种缩进文本的机制，为了避免中断做者的这种用法，用户代理缺省状况下不该该插入引号。
浏览器

The usage of BLOCKQUOTE to indent text is deprecated in favor of style sheets.app

用BLOCKQUOTE来缩进文本的用法是不推荐的，应采用样式表。ide

9.2.3 Subscripts and superscripts: the `SUB` and `SUP` elements

<!ELEMENT (SUB|SUP) - - (%inline;)*    -- subscript, superscript -->

<!ATTLIST (SUB|SUP)
  %attrs;                              -- %coreattrs, %i18n, %events --
  >

Start tag: required, End tag: required字体

开始标签：必须，结束标签：必须
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Attributes defined elsewherethis

在其余地方定义的属性
spa

id, class (document-wide identifiers)
lang (language information), dir (text direction)
title (element title)
style (inline style information )
ondblclick, onmouseup, onmousemove, onkeypress, onkeydown, onkeyup (intrinsic events )

id, class (文档做用域的标识符)
lang (语言信息), dir (文本方向)
title (元素标题)
style (行内样式信息)
ondblclick, onmouseup, onmousemove, onkeypress, onkeydown, onkeyup (内建事件 )

Many scripts (e.g., French) require superscripts or subscripts for proper rendering. The SUB and SUP elements should be used to markup text in these cases.

不少书写用字母（好比：法语）须要上标或下标才能正确展现。在这些状况下，SUB和SUP元素应该用来标记文本。

      H<sub>2</sub>O
      E = mc<sup>2</sup>
      <SPAN lang="fr">M<sup>lle</sup> Dupont</SPAN>

9.3 Lines and Paragraphs

Authors traditionally divide their thoughts and arguments into sequences of paragraphs. The organization of information into paragraphs is not affected by how the paragraphs are presented: paragraphs that are double-justified contain the same thoughts as those that are left-justified.

做者传统上会将他们的思想和讨论分红段落的序列。信息的段落组织形式不会受到这些段落如何展现的影响：双向对齐的段落和左对齐的多乱所包含的思想是同样的。

The HTML markup for defining a paragraph is straightforward: the P element defines a paragraph.

用于定义段落的HTML标记是很直接的：P元素定义一个段落。

The visual presentation of paragraphs is not so simple. A number of issues, both stylistic and technical, must be addressed:

但段落的可视化展示就不是这么简单了。下面所列举的有关样式及技术的问题必须处理：

Treatment of white space
Line breaking and word wrapping
Justification
Hyphenation
Written language conventions and text directionality
Formatting of paragraphs with respect to surrounding content

空白的处理
折行和单词折断
对齐方式
连词
书写语言的习惯以及文本方向
环绕内容的段落格式化

We address these questions below. Paragraph alignment and floating objects are discussed later in this document.

下面咱们会逐个讨论这些问题。段落对齐方式和浮动对象将在本文档的后续部分进行讨论。

9.3.1 Paragraphs: the `P` element

<!ELEMENT P - O (%inline;)*            -- paragraph -->

<!ATTLIST P
  %attrs;                              -- %coreattrs, %i18n, %events --
  >

Start tag: required, End tag: optional

起始标签:必须，结束标签：可选

Attributes defined elsewhere

在其余地方定义的属性

id, class (document-wide identifiers)
lang (language information), dir (text direction)
title (element title)
style (inline style information )
align (alignment)
ondblclick, onmouseup, onmousemove, onkeypress, onkeydown, onkeyup (intrinsic events )

id, class (文档做用域的标识符)
lang (语言信息), dir (文本方向)
title (元素标题)
style (行内样式信息)
align (对齐方式)
ondblclick, onmouseup, onmousemove, onkeypress, onkeydown, onkeyup (内建事件)

The P element represents a paragraph. It cannot contain block-level elements (including P itself).

We discourage authors from using empty P elements. User agents should ignore empty P elements.

P元素展示一个段落。它不能承载块级别元素（包括P元素自己）。咱们不支持做者使用空的P元素。用户代理应该忽略空的P元素。

9.3.2 Controlling line breaks

A line break is defined to be a carriage return (), a line feed (
), or a carriage return/line feed pair. All line breaks constitute white space.

折行被定义为一个回车符（），一个换行符(
),或者一个回车、换行的组合。全部的折行构成了空白。

For more information about SGML's specification of line breaks, please consult the notes on line breaks in the appendix.

有关SGML规范中折行的更多信息，请参阅附录中关于折行的注释。

Forcing a line break: the `BR` element

<!ELEMENT BR - O EMPTY                 -- forced line break -->

<!ATTLIST BR
  %coreattrs;                          -- id, class, style, title --
  >

Start tag: required, End tag: forbidden

开始标签：必须，结束标签：禁止

Attributes defined elsewhere

在其余地方定义的属性

id, class (document-wide identifiers)
title (element title)
style (inline style information )
clear (alignment and floating objects )

The BR element forcibly breaks (ends) the current line of text.

BR元素强制对当前行文本进行折行（结束）。

For visual user agents, the clear attribute can be used to determine whether markup following the BR element flows around p_w_picpaths and other objects floated to the left or right margin, or whether it starts after the bottom of such objects. Further details are given in the section on alignment and floating objects. Authors are advised to use style sheets to control text flow around floating p_w_picpaths and other objects.

对于可视化用户代理来讲，clear属性能够被用来肯定跟随BR元素的标记是否环绕悬浮于左边或右边空白图像或者其余对象，或者决定它从这类对象的底部开始。更进一步的细节信息在对齐方式及悬浮对象部分进行描述。做者被建议使用样式表来控制文本环绕悬浮的图像和其余对象。

With respect to bidirectional formatting, the BR element should behave the same way the [ISO10646] LINE SEPARATOR character behaves in the bidirectional algorithm.

考虑到双向格式化机制，BR元素应该与[ISO10646]中行分隔符字符在双向机制中的行为相同。

Prohibiting a line break

Sometimes authors may want to prevent a line break from occurring between two words. The   entity (  or  ) acts as a space where user agents should not cause a line break.

有时做者可能但愿禁止两个单词中间进行折行。 实体（  or  ）会造成空格，在空格的地方用户代理不该该进行折行。

9.3.3 Hyphenation

In HTML, there are two types of hyphens: the plain hyphen and the soft hyphen. The plain hyphen should be interpreted by a user agent as just another character. The soft hyphen tells the user agent where a line break can occur.

在HTML中，有两种类型的连词符：通常的连词符以及软连词符。通常的表示符应该被用户代理当成一个字符来解释。软连词符告知用户代理在此能够进行折行。

Those browsers that interpret soft hyphens must observe the following semantics: If a line is broken at a soft hyphen, a hyphen character must be displayed at the end of the first line. If a line is not broken at a soft hyphen, the user agent must not display a hyphen character. For operations such as searching and sorting, the soft hyphen should always be ignored.

解析软连词符的浏览器必须按照下面的语义进行：若是在软连词符位置文本行是折断的，那么在第同样的结尾必须显示一个连词字符。若是在软连词符位置文本行未折断，用户代理必须不显示连词字符。对于像搜索以及排序这样的操做，软连词应该被忽略。

In HTML, the plain hyphen is represented by the "-" character (- or -). The soft hyphen is represented by the character entity reference  ( or )

在HTML中,通常连词符用“-”字符(- or -)来表示。软连词符用字符实体 ( or )表示。

9.3.4 Preformatted text: The `PRE` element

<!ENTITY % pre.exclusion "IMG|OBJECT|BIG|SMALL|SUB|SUP">
<!ELEMENT PRE - - (%inline;)* -(%pre.exclusion;) -- preformatted text -->

<!ATTLIST PRE
  %attrs;                              -- %coreattrs, %i18n, %events --
  >

Start tag: required, End tag: required

开始标签：必须，结束标签:必须

Attribute definitions

属性定义

width = number [CN]: Deprecated. This attribute provides a hint to visual user agents about the desired width of the formatted block. The user agent can use this information to select an appropriate font size or to indent the content appropriately. The desired width is expressed in number of characters. This attribute is not widely supported currently; 不推荐。该属性为可视化用户代理提供了格式化块的目标宽度信息。用户代理可使用该信息来选择合适的字体大小或者对内容进行合适的缩进。目标宽度用字符数量来表示。当前该属性是没有被普遍支持的。

Attributes defined elsewhere

在其余地方定义的属性

id, class (document-wide identifiers)
lang (language information), dir (text direction)
title (element title)
style (inline style information )
ondblclick, onmouseup, onmousemove, onkeypress, onkeydown, onkeyup (intrinsic events )

id, class (文档做用域内的标识符)
lang (语言信息), dir (文本方向)
title (元素标题)
style (行内样式信息)
ondblclick, onmouseup, onmousemove, onkeypress, onkeydown, onkeyup (内建事件 )

The PRE element tells visual user agents that the enclosed text is "preformatted". When handling preformatted text, visual user agents:

PRE元素告知可视化用户代理包含的文本时预格式化的。当处理预格式化文本时，可视化用户代理：

May leave white space intact.
May render text with a fixed-pitch font.
May disable automatic word wrap.
Must not disable bidirectional processing.

应该保持空白空间不变化。
应该使用固定高度的字体显示文本。
应该禁止自动折词。
不能机制双向处理。

Non-visual user agents are not required to respect extra white space in the content of a PRE element.

非可视化用户代理不须要顾忌在PRE元素内容中额外的空白。

For more information about SGML's specification of line breaks, please consult the notes on line breaks in the appendix.

有关SGML规范中折行的更多信息，请参阅有附录中关折行的注释。

The DTD fragment above indicates which elements may not appear within a PRE declaration. This is the same as in HTML 3.2, and is intended to preserve constant line spacing and column alignment for text rendered in a fixed pitch font. Authors are discouraged from altering this behavior through style sheets.

上面的DTD片断定义了那些元素不能再PRE声明内部使用。这和HTML3.2中是同样的，而且应该保留用固定高度字体表示文本的固定行间距以及列对齐方式。做者不要使用样式表来改变这种缺省的行为。

The following example shows a preformatted verse from Shelly's poem To a Skylark:

下面的例子展现了一个Shelly's的Skylark诗句：

<PRE>
       Higher still and higher
         From the earth thou springest
       Like a cloud of fire;
         The blue deep thou wingest,
And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest.
</PRE>

Here is how this is typically rendered:

下面是该段落的典型的展示：

       Higher still and higher
         From the earth thou springest
       Like a cloud of fire;
         The blue deep thou wingest,
And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest.

The horizontal tab character
The horizontal tab character (decimal 9 in [ISO10646] and [ISO88591] ) is usually interpreted by visual user agents as the smallest non-zero number of spaces necessary to line characters up along tab stops that are every 8 characters. We strongly discourage using horizontal tabs in preformatted text since it is common practice, when editing, to set the tab-spacing to other values, leading to misaligned documents.

水平方向的制表符

水平方向制表符（在 [ISO10646] 和 [ISO88591] 中为数字9）一般被可视化代理解析成对于行字符中tab的占据的最小数量的空格，通常为8个字符。因为在编辑时tab空间设置成其余值是常常发生的，咱们强烈不建议在预格式化文本中使用制水平方向制表符。这样会致使错文档文本对齐方式混乱。

HTML4.01规范-文本(2)

9.2.3 Subscripts and superscripts: the SUB and SUP elements

9.3 Lines and Paragraphs

9.3.1 Paragraphs: the P element

9.3.2 Controlling line breaks

Forcing a line break: the BR element

Prohibiting a line break

9.3.3 Hyphenation

9.3.4 Preformatted text: The PRE element

9.2.3 Subscripts and superscripts: the `SUB` and `SUP` elements

9.3.1 Paragraphs: the `P` element

Forcing a line break: the `BR` element

9.3.4 Preformatted text: The `PRE` element