MySQL经常使用命令基础操做

时间 2019-11-12

标签 mysql 经常使用命令基础栏目 MySQL 繁體版

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MySQL启动与更改密码

mysql启动基本原理说明：

/etc/init.d/mysqld是一个shell启动脚本，启动后最终会调用，mysqld_safe脚本，最后调用mysqld服务启动mysql，咱们编辑/etc/init.d/mysqld，能够看到脚本，启动俩个进程mysqld和mysqld_safe，通常故障的时候咱们用mysqld_safe来启动，mysql

关闭mysql

1 mysqladmin - uroot -p密码 shut down
2 /etc/init.d/mysqld stop 3 kill USR2`cat path/pid`

优雅的关闭mysql可是不建议用killall杀掉全部的mysql进程，这样会致使mysql数据库起不来，因此网友遇到这样状况也不少，linux

咱们登录mysql后想分清出那个是正式环境那个是测试环境，sql

命令行修改登录提示符shell

mysql> prompt\u@king\s->
PROMPT set to '\u@king\s->'

配置文件修改登录提示符数据库

在my.cnf配置文件中[mysql]模块下添加以下内容，保存后，无需重启myysql，退出当前的session，从新登录服务器

[mysql]
prompt=\\u@king\s->

登录mysql

[root @king~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.40 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

更改root密码

1 mysql> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root' and host='localhost';  #password（'12345'）是指定一个函数
2 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
3 Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
4 mysql> flush privileges;　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#刷新，没刷新前是在内存里面
5 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
6 mysql>

说明，修改密码都须要刷新一下哦，linux找回mysql root用户密码session

单实例mysql修改丢失root方法

1，首先中止mysqlide

/etc/init.d/mysql stop

2，使用--skip-grant-tables启动mysql，忽略受权登录验证函数

 1 mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
 2 mysql -u root -p　　　　　　　　#说明-p登录时密码是空，也能够不加-p，亲测哦(#^.^#)
 3 update mysql.user set password=password("newpassword") where user='root'and host='localhost'; 4 mysql> flush privileges; 5 mysql> quit 6 # /etc/init.d/mysql restart 7 # mysql -uroot -p 8 enter password: <输入新设的密码newpassword> 9 mysql>

多实例mysql修改丢失root方法

1关闭mysql测试

killall mysqld

2启动时加--skip-grant-tables参数

mysql_safe --defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf --skip-grant-tables& mysql -u root -p -S /data/3306/mysql.sock

3修改密码

mysql>update mysql.user set password=password("newpassword") where user='root'and host='localhost';
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

SQl的分类

SQl结构化查询语言包含6个部分

数据查询语言（DQL（data query language）），做用从表中获取数据，关键字select，
数据操做语言（DMl（data manipulation language））做用处理表中的数据insert ，update，delete
事务处理语言（TPL）关键字begin，commit和 rollback
数据控制语言（DCl）grant（受权）和revoke
数据定义语言（DDl）create和drop在数据库中建立新表或删除表 alter
指针控制语言（CCl） declare cursor， fetch into 和update where current用于对一个或多个表单独行的操做

查看数据库

show databases;或show database link '';或select database;

 1 mysql> show databases;
 2 +--------------------+
 3 | Database           |
 4 +--------------------+
 5 | information_schema |
 6 | mysql              |
 7 | performance_schema |
 8 | student            |
 9 | test               |
10 +--------------------+
11 8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

建立数据库

命令语法：create database <数据库名> 注意库名字不能数字开头

 1 mysql> create database king;
 2 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
 3 
 4 mysql> show databases;
 5 +--------------------+
 6 | Database           |
 7 +--------------------+
 8 | information_schema |
 9 | king               |
10 | mysql              |
11 | performance_schema |
12 | student            |
13 | test               |
14 +--------------------+
15 6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
16 
17 mysql> show create  database king\G
18 *************************** 1. row ***************************
19        Database: king
20 Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `king` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */
21 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
22 
23 mysql>

建立一个指定字符集的数据库

1 mysql> CREATE DATABASE db_name DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; #红色指定编码，蓝色校验规则。
2 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

删除数据库

drop database <数据库名字>

 1 mysql> drop database test;
 2 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)
 3 
 4 mysql> show databases;
 5 +--------------------+
 6 | Database           |
 7 +--------------------+
 8 | information_schema |
 9 | king               |
10 | mysql              |
11 | performance_schema |
12 | student            |
13 +--------------------+
14 5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

链接数据库

命令：use <数据库名>至关于linux下的cd切换目录的命令，use是切换数据库

 1 mysql> use king;
 2 Database changed
 3 mysql> select database();   #查看当前的数据库，带（）至关于函数，
 4 +------------+
 5 | database() |
 6 +------------+
 7 | king       |
 8 +------------+
 9 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查看数据库

select database （）;至关于linux下的pwd

 1 mysql> select version();　　　　#查看当前的版本
 2 +-----------+
 3 | version() |
 4 +-----------+
 5 | 5.5.40    |
 6 +-----------+
 7 1 row in set (0.06 sec)
 8 mysql> select user();　　　　　　#查看当前的用户
 9 +----------------+
10 | user()         |
11 +----------------+
12 | root@localhost |
13 +----------------+
14 1 row in set (0.04 sec)
15 mysql> select now();　　　　　　#查看当前的时间
16 +---------------------+
17 | now()               |
18 +---------------------+
19 | 2018-11-02 19:26:39 |
20 +---------------------+
21 1 row in set (0.02 sec)
22 mysql>

表操做

建立表并查看

create table <表名>（<字段名1><类型1>）;

 1 mysql> create table im(id int(3) not null, name varchar(20) not null default'QQ'　　　　#建立表id为int类型，name为varchar
 2 );
 3 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.59 sec)
 4 mysql> show tables from king;　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#从king数据库中查看表
 5 +----------------+
 6 | Tables_in_king |
 7 +----------------+
 8 | im |
 9 +----------------+
10 1 row in set (0.04 sec)
11 mysql> desc im;　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#查看表结构
12 +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
13 | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
14 +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
15 | id | int(3) | NO | | NULL | |
16 | name | varchar(20) | NO | | QQ | |
17 +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
18 2 rows in set (0.22 sec)
19 mysql>

show colums from im;查看表结构

1 mysql> show create table im \G;　　　　　　　　#\G Send command to mysql server，display result vertically向MySQL服务器发送命令，垂直显示结果
2 *************************** 1. row ***************************
3        Table: im
4 Create Table: CREATE TABLE `im` (
5   `id` int(3) NOT NULL,
6   `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'QQ'
7 ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
8 1 row in set (0.64 sec)

mysql表的字段类型

列类型	须要的存储量
tinyint	1字节
smallint	2个字节
mediumint	3个字节
int	4个字节
integer	4个字节
bigint	8个字节
float（X）	4若是x<=24或8若是25<=X=53
float	4个字节
double	8个字节
double precision	8个字节
real	8个字节
decimal（M，D）	M字节（D+2，若是m<D）
numeric（M，D）	M字节（D+2，若是m<D）

为表的字段建立索引

建立主键索引，查询数据库，按主键查询是最快的，每个表只有一个主键列，可是能够有多个普通的索引列，主键列要求列的内容必须惟一，而索引列不要求内容必须惟一。

create table student(
id int (4) not null auto_increment,
name char(20) not null,
age tinyint(2) not null default'0',
dept varchar(16) default null,
primary key (id),
key index_name(name));

1 mysql> create table student( id int (4) not null auto_increment, name char(20) n
2 ot null, age tinyint(2) not null default'0',dept varchar(16) default null,primar
3 y key (id), key index_name(name));
4 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)

auto_increment自增，primary key (id), 主键，key index_name(name));普通索引，

 1 mysql> desc student;　　　　　　　　#查看建立的student表
 2 +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 3 | Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
 4 +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 5 | id    | int(4)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
 6 | name  | char(20)    | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
 7 | age   | tinyint(2)  | NO   |     | 0       |                |
 8 | dept  | varchar(16) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 9 +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
10 4 rows in set (0.17 sec)

alter table student drop primary key ;　　　　　　删除主键，测试不行，

1 mysql> alter table student drop  primary key ;
2 ERROR 1075 (42000): Incorrect table definition; there can be only one auto column and it must be defined as a key

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　不正确的表定义；只能有一个自动COLUM它必须被定义为一个密钥

alter table student change id id int primary key auto_increment; 若是建立表忘记添加主键了，就执行这个。

建立普通索引分为惟一索引和普通索引

alter table student drop index index_name; # index固定索引，index_name是你建立表的时候的索引

alter table student add index index_name（name）;

create index index_name on student （name（8））; # index固定索引（固定写法），index_name 随便写但要见名知意， on student 在哪一个表上（student）8就是前8个字符建立索引。

create index index_name_dept on student （name，dept）

按条件列查询数据时，联合索引是有前缀生效特性的 index（a，b，c）仅a，ab，abc三个查询条件列能够走索引

查看表的索引

 1 mysql> show index from student\G;
 2 *************************** 1. row ***************************
 3         Table: student
 4    Non_unique: 0
 5      Key_name: PRIMARY
 6  Seq_in_index: 1
 7   Column_name: id
 8     Collation: A
 9   Cardinality: 0
10      Sub_part: NULL
11        Packed: NULL
12          Null:
13    Index_type: BTREE
14       Comment:
15 Index_comment:
16 *************************** 2. row ***************************
17         Table: student
18    Non_unique: 1
19      Key_name: index_name
20  Seq_in_index: 1
21   Column_name: name
22     Collation: A
23   Cardinality: 0
24      Sub_part: NULL
25        Packed: NULL
26          Null:
27    Index_type: BTREE
28       Comment:
29 Index_comment:
30 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

建立惟一索引

create unique index uni on student（name）;

 1 mysql> create unique index uni on student (name);
 2 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
 3 Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
 4 mysql> desc student;
 5 +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 6 | Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
 7 +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 8 | id    | int(4)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
 9 | name  | char(20)    | NO   | UNI | NULL    |                |
10 | age   | tinyint(2)  | NO   |     | 0       |                |
11 | dept  | varchar(16) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
12 +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
13 4 rows in set (0.02 sec)

要在表的列上建立索引
索引会加快查询的速度，可是会影响更新的速度
索引不是越多越好，要在频繁查询的where后的条件列上建立索引
小表或惟一值极少的列上不建索引，要在带包以及不一样内容多的列上建立索引

往表中插入数据

create table test(

id int(4) not null auto_increment,

name char(20) not null,

primary key (id)

);

 1 mysql> create table test(id int(4) not null auto_increment, name char(20) not n
 2 ll,primary key (id));
 3 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 4 mysql> show tables;
 5 +----------------+
 6 | Tables_in_king |
 7 +----------------+
 8 | student        |
 9 | test           |
10 +----------------+
11 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
12 mysql> insert into test (id,name) values(1,'boy');  #插入数据，主键自增咱们直接插name，insert into test（name） values（'new'）;
13 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
14 mysql> select *from test;
15 +----+------+
16 | id | name |
17 +----+------+
18 |  1 | boy  |
19 +----+------+
20 1 row in set (0.04 sec)

mysql> delete from test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> select *from test;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into test (id,name) values(1,'boy'),(2,'new');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

查询数据

select *from 表名;

1 mysql> select *from test;
2 +----+------+
3 | id | name |
4 +----+------+
5 |  1 | boy  |
6 |  2 | new  |
7 +----+------+
8 2 rows in set (0.47 sec)

指定条件查询

1 mysql> select *from test where id =1;　　　　#根据id查询
2 +----+------+
3 | id | name |
4 +----+------+
5 |  1 | boy  |
6 +----+------+
7 1 row in set (0.09 sec)

1 mysql> select *from test where name='new';　　　　#根据name查询，字符串须要带引号
2 +----+------+
3 | id | name |
4 +----+------+
5 |  2 | new  |
6 +----+------+
7 1 row in set (0.03 sec)

多个条件查询and区交集，or取并集。排序 order by id desc（正序），sec（倒序）

1 mysql> select *from test where name='new'or id=1;
2 +----+------+
3 | id | name |
4 +----+------+
5 |  1 | boy  |
6 |  2 | new  |
7 +----+------+
8 2 rows in set (0.08 sec)

explain查看索引、

 1 mysql> explain select *from test where name='new'\G;
 2 *************************** 1. row ***************************
 3            id: 1
 4   select_type: SIMPLE
 5         table: test
 6          type: ALL
 7 possible_keys: NULL
 8           key: NULL
 9       key_len: NULL　　　　#能够看到索引为空
10           ref: NULL
11          rows: 2
12         Extra: Using where
13 1 row in set (0.04 sec)

help explain;

修改表中指定条件固定列的数据

命令语法：update 表名 set 字段=新值，where 条件

 1 mysql> update test set name='wangxinxia' where id=2;
 2 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.90 sec)
 3 Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
 4 mysql> desc test;
 5 +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 6 | Field | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
 7 +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 8 | id    | int(4)   | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
 9 | name  | char(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
10 +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
11 2 rows in set (0.25 sec)
12 mysql> select* from test;
13 +----+------------+
14 | id | name       |
15 +----+------------+
16 |  1 | boy        |
17 |  2 | wangxinxia |
18 +----+------------+
19 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

truncate table test;和delete from test的区别

truncate 更快，清空物理文件
delete逻辑清楚，按行删

删除数据

 1 mysql> delete from student where id=3;
 2 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.30 sec)
 3 mysql> show tables;
 4 +----------------+
 5 | Tables_in_king |
 6 +----------------+
 7 | student        |
 8 | test           |
 9 +----------------+
10 2 rows in set (0.07 sec)
11 mysql> select * from student;
12 +----+----------+-----+-------+
13 | id | name     | age | dept  |
14 +----+----------+-----+-------+
15 |  1 | zhangsan |  20 | yanfa |
16 |  2 | zhaoliu  |  21 | dba   |
17 +----+----------+-----+-------+

增删改表的字段

语法alter table 表名 add sex char（4）；

 1 mysql> alter table student add sex char (4);
 2 Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.54 sec)
 3 Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
 4 mysql> desc student;
 5 +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 6 | Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
 7 +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 8 | id    | int(4)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
 9 | name  | char(20)    | NO   | UNI | NULL    |                |
10 | age   | tinyint(2)  | NO   |     | 0       |                |
11 | dept  | varchar(16) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
12 | sex   | char(4)     | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
13 +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
14 5 rows in set (0.20 sec)

alter table 表名 add qq varchar（10）first；

 1 mysql> alter table student add  qq varchar(10) first;
 2 Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.06 sec)
 3 Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
 4 mysql> desc student;
 5 +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 6 | Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
 7 +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 8 | qq    | varchar(10) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
 9 | id    | int(4)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
10 | name  | char(20)    | NO   | UNI | NULL    |                |
11 | age   | tinyint(2)  | NO   |     | 0       |                |
12 | dept  | varchar(16) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
13 | sex   | char(4)     | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
14 +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
15 6 rows in set (0.02 sec)

rename table 原表to新表

 1 mysql> show tables;
 2 +----------------+
 3 | Tables_in_king |
 4 +----------------+
 5 | student        |
 6 | test           |
 7 +----------------+
 8 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 9 mysql> rename table test to test1;
10 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
11 
12 mysql> show tables;
13 +----------------+
14 | Tables_in_king |
15 +----------------+
16 | student        |
17 | test1          |
18 +----------------+
19 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

alter table test1 rename to test；

mysql插入数据解决乱码问题

set names 库的字符集，这种方法是临时的每次进来以前都须要执行
source test.sql在这个文件中插入set names 库字符集
对已有数据，须要把数据导出去，从新建库建表，在导进来。

建立/查看/删除mysql系统的用户

语法：

create user '用户名'@'主机名' identified by '用户名';　　建立用户
select host,user from mysql.user; 查看用户
drop user 用户名@'%';注意能够是单或者双引号，但不能不加，删除用户
delete from mysql.user where user='用户名' and host=‘@后面指定的主机名’;

 1 mysql> create user 'usrabc'@'%' identified by 'usrabc';  #建立usrabc用户
 2 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.49 sec)
 3 mysql> select host,user from mysql.user;　　　　　　　　　#查看全部用户　　　
 4 +-----------+--------+
 5 | host | user |
 6 +-----------+--------+
 7 | % | usrabc |
 8 | localhost | root |
 9 +-----------+--------+
10 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
11 mysql> drop user usrabc@'%';　　　　　　　　　　　　#删除usrabc用户
12 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

处理完用户最好刷新一下权限，flush privileges;

建立mysql用户及赋予用户权限

经过help grant 查看帮助，比较经常使用的建立用户的方法是：CREATE USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypass'

CREATE USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypass'
GRANT ALL ON db1.* TO 'jeffrey'@'localhost'　　　　　　　　　　#这俩命令是先用create建立用户，而后在受权
GRANT SELECT ON db2.invoice TO 'jeffrey'@'localhost'
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'jeffrey'@'localhost' WITH MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR 90

经过grant命令建立用户并受权，命令语法：grant all privileges on dbname.* to username@localhost identified by 'passwd';

grant	all privileges	on dbname.*	to username@localhost	identified by 'passwd'
受权命令	对应权限	目标：库和表	用户名和客户端主机	用户密码

1 mysql> grant all privileges on king.* to liang@localhost identified by '123456';
2 #建立liang用户，对king库具有全部权限，容许从localhost主机登录管理数据库，密码是123456.
3 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
4 mysql> flush privileges;
5 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.96 sec)

 1 mysql> show grants for liang@localhost;　　　　　　　　#查看权限
 2 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 3 -------------------------------+
 4 | Grants for liang@localhost
 5                                |
 6 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 7 -------------------------------+
 8 | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'liang'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74
 9 329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' |
10 | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `king`.* TO 'liang'@'localhost'
11                                |
12 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 -------------------------------+
14 2 rows in set (0.07 sec)

create和grant配合

1 mysql> create user zh@localhost identified by '123456';
2 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
3 mysql> grant all on king.* to zh@localhost;
4 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
5 mysql> flush privileges;
6 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

受权局域网内主机远程链接数据库grant all privileges on king.* to liang@10.0.0.% identified by '123456';把localhost改成ip就能够了。链接，mysql -uliang -p123456 -h10.0.0.%

 1 mysql> show grants for zh@localhost;　　　　　　　　#查看zh用户权限
 2 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 3 ----------------------------+
 4 | Grants for zh@localhost
 5 |
 6 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 7 ----------------------------+
 8 | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'zh'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329
 9 105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' |
10 | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `king`.* TO 'zh'@'localhost'
11 |
12 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 ----------------------------+
14 2 rows in set (0.16 sec)
15 
16 mysql> revoke insert on king.* from zh@localhost;　　　　#更改权限
17 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
18 
19 mysql> show grants for zh@localhost;
20 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 -------------------------------------------------------------+
23 | Grants for zh@localhost
24 
25 |
26 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28 -------------------------------------------------------------+
29 | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'zh'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329
30 105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9'
31 |
32 | GRANT SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE T
33 EMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, A
34 LTER ROUTINE, EVENT, TRIGGER ON `king`.* TO 'zh'@'localhost' |
35 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
37 -------------------------------------------------------------+
38 2 rows in set (0.06 sec)

1 mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show grants for zh@localhost;"|grep -i grant　　#用linux中grep命令过滤须要的权限
2 Grants for zh@localhost
3 GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'zh'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329
4 105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9'
5 GRANT SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE T
6 EMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, A
7 LTER ROUTINE, EVENT, TRIGGER ON `king`.* TO 'zh'@'localhost'

查看mysql的ALL PRIVILEGES权限mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show grants for zh@localhost;"|grep -i grant|tail -1|tr ‘，’ ‘\n’ >a.txt

咱们在受权用户最小的知足业务需求的权限，而不是一味的受权ALl PRIVILEGES。