docker环境搭建

参考地址:https://www.imooc.com/article/details/id/25228linux

操做系统Centos7docker

一、替换yum源为阿里云yum源;json

  

//备份yum源
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

//下载阿里yunyum源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

//清除yum缓存
yum clean all

//生成yum缓存
yum makecache

 

二、安装dockerubuntu

  查看yum能够安装的docker,命令:yum list |grep dockercentos

  

  执行安装命令:yum install docker缓存

  安装完成以后,查看已经安装的docker,命令:yum list installed |grep dockertomcat

 

能够看出,安装docker须要三个包,见上图bash

 

三、添加开机启动app

  命令:systemctl enable docker.servicedom

四、启动docker

  命令:systemctl start docker.service

  启动失败,报错信息,查看命令:journalctl -xe,具体错误信息见下图:

 

此linux的内核中的SELinux不支持 overlay2 graph driver ,解决方法有两个,要么启动一个新内核,要么就在docker里禁用selinux,--selinux-enabled=false

修改文件,/etc/sysconfig/docker,在--selinux-enabled后面添加=false便可!具体修改见下图


重启docker,命令:systemctl restart docker.service

查看docker信息,命令:docker info
[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Containers: 1
 Running: 0
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 1
Images: 1
Server Version: 1.13.1
Storage Driver: overlay2
 Backing Filesystem: xfs
 Supports d_type: true
 Native Overlay Diff: false
Logging Driver: journald
Cgroup Driver: systemd
Plugins: 
 Volume: local
 Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: docker-runc runc
Default Runtime: docker-runc
Init Binary: /usr/libexec/docker/docker-init-current
containerd version:  (expected: aa8187dbd3b7ad67d8e5e3a15115d3eef43a7ed1)
runc version: e9c345b3f906d5dc5e8100b05ce37073a811c74a (expected: 9df8b306d01f59d3a8029be411de015b7304dd8f)
init version: 5b117de7f824f3d3825737cf09581645abbe35d4 (expected: 949e6facb77383876aeff8a6944dde66b3089574)
Security Options:
 seccomp
  WARNING: You're not using the default seccomp profile
  Profile: /etc/docker/seccomp.json
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
Number of Docker Hooks: 3
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 2.731 GiB
Name: localhost.localdomain
ID: NDA4:FMH4:OVC2:HARD:3Q4V:ZWIE:UTJU:YVR3:AFEE:FOBN:54NL:GXGU
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
Registries: docker.io (secure)

Hello World

下面,咱们经过最简单的 image 文件"hello world",感觉一下 Docker。

由于国内链接 Docker 的官方仓库很慢,所以咱们在平常使用中会使用Docker 中国加速器。经过 Docker 官方镜像加速,中国区用户可以快速访问最流行的 Docker 镜像。该镜像托管于中国大陆,本地用户如今将会享受到更快的下载速度和更强的稳定性,从而可以更敏捷地开发和交付 Docker 化应用。

Docker 中国官方镜像加速可经过registry.docker-cn.com访问。该镜像库只包含流行的公有镜像,私有镜像仍须要从美国镜像库中拉取。

修改系统中docker对应的配置文件便可,以下:

 

vi  /etc/docker/daemon.json
#添加后
{    "registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"],    "live-restore": true}

也能够替换成网易的镜像地址

{
  "registry-mirrors": ["http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"]
}

咱们选择用网易的镜像地址。

运行下面的命令,将 image 文件从仓库抓取到本地。

docker pull library/hello-world

上面代码中,docker image pull是抓取 image 文件的命令。library/hello-world是 image 文件在仓库里面的位置,其中library是 image 文件所在的组,hello-world是 image 文件的名字。

抓取成功之后,就能够在本机看到这个 image 文件了。

 

查看下载的镜像,命令:docker images

[root@localhost docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY              TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/hello-world   latest              e38bc07ac18e        7 weeks ago         1.85 kB

运行hello-world镜像,命令:docker run hello-world

[root@localhost docker]# docker run hello-world

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/

经常使用命令

除过以上咱们使用的Docker命令外,Docker还有一些其它经常使用的命令

拉取docker镜像

docker pull image_name

查看宿主机上的镜像,Docker镜像保存在/var/lib/docker目录下:

docker images

删除镜像

docker rmi  docker.io/tomcat:7.0.77-jre7   或者  docker rmi b39c68b7af30

查看当前有哪些容器正在运行

docker ps

查看全部容器

docker ps -a

启动、中止、重启容器命令:

docker start container_name/container_iddocker stop container_name/container_iddocker restart container_name/container_id

后台启动一个容器后,若是想进入到这个容器,可使用attach命令:

docker attach container_name/container_id

删除容器的命令:

docker rm container_name/container_id

查看当前系统Docker信息

docker info

从Docker hub上下载某个镜像:

docker pull centos:latestdocker pull centos:latest

执行docker pull centos会将Centos这个仓库下面的全部镜像下载到本地repository。

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