Mysql源码编译安装&主从复制

时间 2019-11-12

标签 mysql 源码编译安装主从复制栏目 MySQL 繁體版

原文原文链接

一）camke源码编译安装mysql

1）建立软件安装目录softwarehtml

1 [root@master software]# ls
2 cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz  mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz
3 [root@master software]#

2)解压cmak软件mysql

1 [root@master software]# tar xf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz 
2 [root@master software]# ls
3 cmake-2.8.8  cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz  mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz
4 [root@master software]# cd cmake-2.8.8/

3)在cmake目录下编译git

1 [root@master software]# ./configure
2 [root@master software]# gmake
3 [root@master software]# gmake install
4 [root@master software]# cd../

4)安装依赖包github

1 [root@master software]# yum install ncurses-devel -y

5)建立mysql组，并建立mysql用户指定mysql组且不能登陆sql

1 [root@master software]# groupadd mysql
2 [root@master software]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql

6)解压mysql，作个软链接数据库

1 [root@slave software]# tar zxf mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz 
2 [root@slave software]# ls
3 cmake-2.8.8  cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz  mysql-5.5.32  mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz
4 [root@slave software]# ln -s mysql-5.5.32 mysql　#这边必定要注意本身作的软链接，指定的datadir和basedir必定要和/etc/my.conf配置指定的socket指定目录同样，要不socket起不来pid
5 [root@slave software]# ls
6 cmake-2.8.8  cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz  mysql  mysql-5.5.32  mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz
7 [root@slave software]#

7)编译安装vim

 1 cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/software/mysql-5.5.32 \
 2 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/software/mysql-5.5.32/data \ 
 3 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/home/software/mysql-5.5.32/sock/mysql.sock \ # mysql的sock后面用mysqldump备份的时候会用到 4 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
 5 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
 6 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii \
 7 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \
 8 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
 9 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
10 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
11 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
12 -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
13 -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \
14 -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
15 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
16 -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
17 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
18 -DWITH_DEBUG=0

1 [root@master mysql-5.5.32]# make&make install

cmake编译安装mysql 到此结束。centos

二）初始化数据库

1)指定mysql的数据路径datadir，和mysql 的安装路径basedirbash

 1 [root@master mysql-5.5.32]# cd scripts/
 2 [root@master scripts]# chmod 755 mysql_install_db
 3 [root@master scripts]# ./mysql_install_db  --user=mysql  --basedir=/home/software/mysql --datadir=/home/software/mysql/data
 4 Installing MySQL system tables...
 5 OK
 6 Filling help tables...
 7 OK
 8 
 9 To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
10 support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
11 
12 PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
13 To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
14 
15 /home/software/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
16 /home/software/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h master password 'new-password'
17 
18 Alternatively you can run:
19 /home/software/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
20 
21 which will also give you the option of removing the test
22 databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
23 strongly recommended for production servers.
24 
25 See the manual for more instructions.
26 
27 You can start the MySQL daemon with:
28 cd /home/software/mysql ; /home/software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &
29 
30 You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
31 cd /home/software/mysql/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
32 
33 Please report any problems with the /home/software/mysql/scripts/mysqlbug script!
34 
35 [root@master scripts]#

2)拷贝mysql 的启动脚本，并受权脚本权限服务器

1 [root@master support-files]# cd ..
2 [root@master mysql-5.5.32]# cd scripts/
3 [root@master scripts]# cd ../support-files/
4 [root@master support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld 
5 cp: overwrite ‘/etc/init.d/mysqld’? y
6 [root@master support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

10)启动mysql

1 [root@master /]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
2 Starting MySQL... SUCCESS! 
3 [root@master /]# ss -lntup|grep mysql
4 tcp    LISTEN     0      50        *:3306                  *:*                   users:(("mysqld",pid=6734,fd=11))

到此，主库跟从库mysql就成功安装了

3)让mysql开机自启动，

 1 [root@master /]# chkconfig --add mysqld
 2 [root@master /]# chkconfig mysqld on
 3 [root@master /]# chkconfig --list mysqld
 4 　　　　　　　　　　　　
 5 Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
 6       systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
 7       systemd configuration.
 8 
 9       If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
10       To see services enabled on particular target use
11       'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.　　　　　　#看到这个不谎，由于个人是发行版的centos
12 
13 mysqld             0:off    1:off    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

4)配置mysql命令的全局使用路径

 1 [root@master mysql-5.5.32]# cd bin/
 2 [root@master bin]# ls
 3 innochecksum       mysqlaccess.conf            mysqld                mysqlimport                mysql_upgrade
 4 msql2mysql         mysqladmin                  mysqld_multi          mysql_plugin               mysql_waitpid
 5 myisamchk          mysqlbinlog                 mysqld_safe           mysql_secure_installation  mysql_zap
 6 myisam_ftdump      mysqlbug                    mysqldump             mysql_setpermission        perror
 7 myisamlog          mysqlcheck                  mysqldumpslow         mysqlshow                  replace
 8 myisampack         mysql_client_test           mysql_embedded        mysqlslap                  resolveip
 9 my_print_defaults  mysql_client_test_embedded  mysql_find_rows       mysqltest                  resolve_stack_dump
10 mysql              mysql_config                mysql_fix_extensions  mysqltest_embedded
11 mysqlaccess        mysql_convert_table_format  mysqlhotcopy          mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
12 [root@master bin]# ./mysql
13 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
14 Your MySQL connection id is 1
15 Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution
16 
17 Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
18 
19 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
20 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
21 owners.
22 
23 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
24 
25 mysql>

4.1)把mysql命令添加到全局变量

 1 [root@master /]# echo 'export PATH=/home/software/mysql-5.5.32/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
 2 [root@master /]# tail -1 /etc/profile
 3 export PATH=/home/software/mysql-5.5.32/bin:$PATH
 4 [root@master /]# source /etc/profile
 5 [root@master /]# mysql
 6 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 7 Your MySQL connection id is 5
 8 Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution
 9 
10 Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
11 
12 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
13 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
14 owners.
15 
16 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
17 
18 mysql>

4.2）设置密码

 1 [root@master /]# mysqladmin -u root password 'root'
 2 [root@master /]# mysql
 3 ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
 4 [root@master /]# mysql -uroot -p
 5 Enter password: 
 6 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 7 Your MySQL connection id is 8
 8 Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution
 9 
10 Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
11 
12 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
13 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
14 owners.
15 
16 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
17 
18 mysql> Ctrl-C -- exit!
19 Aborted
20 [root@master /]#

三）mysql主从复制

1）mysql主从复制基本原理剖析（感谢我白哥配图）

2）确保 server-id 要不一样，一般主ID要小于从ID。必定注意

2.1查看主库的id

1 [root@master /]#  egrep "log-bin|server-id" /etc/my.cnf
2 log-bin=mysql-bin
3 server-id    = 1
4 #server-id       = 2
5 #log-bin=mysql-bin
6 [root@master /]#

2.2查看从库的id并修改让server-id大于主库

1 [root@slave /]# vim /etc/my.cnf
2 [root@slave /]#  egrep "log-bin|server-id" /etc/my.cnf
3 log-bin=mysql-bin
4 #server-id    = 1
5 server-id    =2
6 #server-id       = 2
7 #log-bin=mysql-bin
8 [root@slave /]#

3）主服务器操做

3.1）首先登录数据库，建立macc（master salve connect common）主从复制专用帐户，

 1 mysql>  grant replication slave on *.* to 'macc'@'192.168.32.%' identified by 'nick';　　#建立macc帐户并受权192.168.32的网段能够链接，密码为nick
 2 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 3 
 4 mysql> flush privileges;　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#刷新
 5 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
 6 
 7 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;　　查看macc用户
 8 +------+--------------+
 9 | user | host         |
10 +------+--------------+
11 | root | 127.0.0.1    |
12 | macc | 192.168.32.% |
13 | root | ::1          |
14 |      | localhost    |
15 | root | localhost    |
16 |      | slave        |
17 | root | slave        |
18 +------+--------------+
19 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
20 
21 mysql>

3.2)而后刷新全部的表，同时给数据库加上一把锁，阻止对数据库进行任何的写操做

 1 mysql> flush tables with read lock;　　　　　　　　　　　　#锁表
 2 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 3 　　
 4 mysql> show master status;　　　　　　　　#获取二进制日志信息个人能够到/home/software/mysql-5.5.32/data/mysql-bin. 找到，默认都是在data目录下。
 5 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 6 | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |#flie的值是当前二进制日志的文件名，position是该日志的位置信息，会在配置从时候用到
 7 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 8 | mysql-bin.000004 |      471 |              |                  |
 9 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
10 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
11 
12 mysql>

3.3)让你们看看个人二进制日志位置（这个不是必要操做）

1 [root@slave /]# cd /home/software/mysql-5.5.32/data/
2 [root@slave data]# ls
3 ibdata1      ib_logfile1  mysql-bin.000001  mysql-bin.000003  mysql-bin.index     slave.err  test
4 ib_logfile0  mysql        mysql-bin.000002  mysql-bin.000004  performance_schema  slave.pid
5 [root@slave data]#

注意:若是以前的服务器并无配置使用二进制日志，那么使用上面的sql语句show master status会显示空，在锁表以后，再导出数据库里的数据（若是数据库里没有数据，能够忽略这一步）

3.4）建立mysql备份目录backup，并开始备份数据，mysqldump备份命令请点击（前面是源码，后面是网上源码总结的）

 1 [root@master software]# mkdir backup　　　　　　　　#建立mysql备份的目录
 2 [root@master software]# ls
 3 backup  cmake-2.8.8  cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz  mysql  mysql-5.5.32  mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz
 4 [root@master software]# cd /home/software/mysql-5.5.32/sock/　　　#由于用的mysqldump备份，须要指定sock，这就是cmake编译时候指定的路径
 5 [root@master sock]# ls
 6 mysql.sock
 7 [root@master sock]# 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
 8 [root@master sock]#  mysqldump -uroot -p -S /home/software/mysql-5.5.32/sock/mysql.sock  --all-databases | gzip >/home/software/backup/mysql_macc_bak$(date+%F).sql.gz
 9 -bash: date+%F: command not found　　　　　　　　　　# 这里报错是由于$(date +%F)须要有空格，且前面我没加点致使的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
10 Enter password: 
11 -- Warning: Skipping the data of table mysql.event. Specify the --events option explicitly.
12 [root@master sock]#  mysqldump -uroot -p -S /home/software/mysql-5.5.32/sock/mysql.sock  --all-databases --events | gzip >/home/software/backup/mysql_macc_bak.$(date +%F).sql.gz
13 Enter password: 
14 [root@master sock]# cd /home/software/backup/
15 [root@master backup]# ls
16 mysql_macc_bak.2019-06-01.sql.gz  mysql_macc_bak.sql.gz
17 [root@master backup]# ls
18 mysql_macc_bak.2019-06-01.sql.gz  mysql_macc_bak.sql.gz

3.5)这个时候就能够解锁表了

1 mysql> unlock tables;
2 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

四）从服务器配置

4.1)查看从服务器的sesrver-id

1 [root@slave /]# egrep "log-bin|server-id" /etc/my.cnf
2 log-bin=mysql-bin
3 #server-id    = 1
4 server-id    =2
5 #server-id       = 2
6 #log-bin=mysql-bin
7 [root@slave /]#

注意：从服务器上不必打开log-bin，固然也能够打开log-bin选项，这样能够在从服务器上进行数据备份和灾难恢复，或者让这个从服务器变成一个主服务器。

 1 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;　　　　　　#查看从库的用户macc
 2 +------+--------------+
 3 | user | host         |
 4 +------+--------------+
 5 | root | 127.0.0.1    |
 6 | macc | 192.168.32.% |
 7 | root | ::1          |
 8 |      | localhost    |
 9 | root | localhost    |
10 |      | slave        |
11 | root | slave        |
12 +------+--------------+
13 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
14 
15 mysql> change master to　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#参数配置见下面的详细解释　　　　
16     ->  MASTER_HOST='192.168.32.132',　　　　　　　　　　
17     -> MASTER_PORT=3306,
18     -> MASTER_USER='macc',
19     -> MASTER_PASSWORD='nick',
20     -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',
21     -> MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
22 ERROR 1198 (HY000): This operation cannot be performed with a running slave; run STOP SLAVE first
23 mysql> stop slave
24     -> ;
25 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
26 
27 mysql> change master to
28     ->  MASTER_HOST='192.168.32.132',
29     -> MASTER_PORT=3306,
30     -> MASTER_USER='macc',
31     -> MASTER_PASSWORD='nick',
32     -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',
33     -> MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
34 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
35 
36 mysql> start slave;
37 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
38 
39 mysql> show slave status\G
40 *************************** 1. row ***************************
41                Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
42                   Master_Host: 192.168.32.132
43                   Master_User: macc
44                   Master_Port: 3306
45                 Connect_Retry: 60
46               Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
47           Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
48                Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000003
49                 Relay_Log_Pos: 253
50         Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005
51              Slave_IO_Running: Yes　　　　　　#io进程负责从库去主库读取二进制日志，并写到从库的中继日志中，io跟sql进程出现no，从服务器要跟主服务器通，server-id要不同
52             Slave_SQL_Running: Yes　　　　　　#sql进程负责将中继日志换成sql语句后执行
53               Replicate_Do_DB: 
54           Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
55            Replicate_Do_Table: 
56        Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
57       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
58   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
59                    Last_Errno: 0
60                    Last_Error: 
61                  Skip_Counter: 0
62           Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
63               Relay_Log_Space: 856
64               Until_Condition: None
65                Until_Log_File: 
66                 Until_Log_Pos: 0
67            Master_SSL_Allowed: No
68            Master_SSL_CA_File: 
69            Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
70               Master_SSL_Cert: 
71             Master_SSL_Cipher: 
72                Master_SSL_Key: 
73         Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
74 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
75                 Last_IO_Errno: 0
76                 Last_IO_Error: 
77                Last_SQL_Errno: 0
78                Last_SQL_Error: 
79   Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
80              Master_Server_Id: 1
81 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
82 
83 mysql>

4.2)验证主从是否完成

在主库上建立master数据库，到从库查看，

 1 [root@master backup]# mysql -uroot -p　　　　　　#这个是主库  2 Enter password: 
 3 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 4 Your MySQL connection id is 3
 5 Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution
 6 
 7 Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 8 
 9 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
10 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
11 owners.
12 
13 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
14 
15 mysql> show databases;
16 +--------------------+
17 | Database           |
18 +--------------------+
19 | information_schema |
20 | mysql              |
21 | performance_schema |
22 | test               |
23 +--------------------+
24 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
25 
26 mysql> create database master;
27 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
28 
29 mysql>

4.3）从库查看

 1 [root@slave software]# mysql -uroot -p
 2 Enter password: 
 3 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 4 Your MySQL connection id is 11
 5 Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution
 6 
 7 Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 8 
 9 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
10 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
11 owners.
12 
13 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
14 
15 mysql> show databases;
16 +--------------------+
17 | Database           |
18 +--------------------+
19 | information_schema |
20 | mysql              |
21 | performance_schema |
22 | test               |
23 +--------------------+
24 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
25 
26 mysql> show databases;　　　　　　#能够看到在mysql主上建立的master数据库有了，
27 +--------------------+
28 | Database           |
29 +--------------------+
30 | information_schema |
31 | master             |
32 | mysql              |
33 | performance_schema |
34 | test               |
35 +--------------------+
36 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
37 
38 mysql>

4.4)到此mysql主从完成，在mysql从服务器上作一个备份（这边我没有关闭slave从服务器，应该先关闭从服务器备份，在启动，这样保证备份数据的完整性。）

1 [root@slave software]# mysqldump -uroot -p -S /home/software/mysql-5.5.32/sock/mysql.sock --all-databases --events | gzip >/home/software/backup/mysql_macc_bak.$(date +%F).sql.gz
2 Enter password:
3 [root@slave software]# cd backup/
4 [root@slave backup]# ls
5 mysql_macc_bak.2019-06-01.sql.gz
6 [root@slave backup]#

4）Shell脚本监控mysql主从

 1 #!/bin/bash
 2 #Date:2019-6-19
 3 #Author:king
 4 #version 1.0
 5 mysql_cmd="mysql -u root -proot"
 6 errorno=(1158 1159 1008 1007 1062)
 7 while true
 8 do
 9   array=($($mysql_cmd -e "show slave status\G"|egrep '_Running|Behind_Master|Last_SQL_Errno'|awk '{print $NF}'))
10   if [ "${array[0]}" == "Yes" -a "${array[1]}" == "Yes" -a "${array[2]}" == "0" ]
11   then
12     echo "MySQL is slave is ok"
13   else
14       for ((i=0;i<${#errorno[*]};i++))
15       do
16         if [ "${array[3]}" = "${errorno[$i]}" ];then
17         $mysql_cmd -e "stop slave &&set global sql_slave_skip_counter=1;start slave;"
18         fi
19       done
20       char="MySQL slave is not ok"
21       echo "$char"
22       echo "$char"|mail -s "$char" 838915***@qq.com
23       break
24   fi
25   sleep 30
26 done

4.1）执行结果

1 [root@slave_lamp ~]# sh test.sh  
2 MySQL is slave is ok
3 MySQL is slave is ok

次脚本可用于生产案例，若是测试没有收到邮件，不要谎，这个是vps禁用了 25端口问题，欢迎你们留意帮忙解决哈，固然第三方就算了

五）留记录，yum安装mysql5.7

 1 rpm -Uvh https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-2.noarch.rpm    #添加mysql yum源
 2 yum repolist all | grep mysql    #查看yum源中全部Mysql版本
 3 yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community        #此时的最新版本是mysql8.0，把它禁用掉
 4 yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community        #mysql5.7是我要安装的版本，启用mysql5.7
 5 yum repolist enabled | grep mysql    #检查刚才的配置是否生效
 6 yum install mysql-community-server -y    #开始安装
 7 systemctl start mysqld.service    #启动mysql服务
 8 systemctl status mysqld    #检查mysql状态，
 9 grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
10 ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';        #登陆mysql后必须修改密码，密码简单会报错ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
11 set password for root@localhost = password('root');　　　　#这是改mysql密码的passwor函数，修改mysql密码不少种，选一种就能够了
12 set global validate_password_policy=0;        #修改validate_password_policy参数的值
13 set global validate_password_length=1;        #再修改密码的长度，而后在执行修改密码就行了
14 GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root' WITH GRANT OPTION;    #受权其余机器能够登陆

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY "root"; #为mysql，root用户增长远程链接能力