Nextcloud 安装与优化 centos7 php7 nginx MariaDB

Nextcloud 安装与优化 （环境： centos7 php7 nginx MariaDB）
前期玩了一段时间这个，但当时都是基于宝塔面板的，不少东西都不知道是为了什么，如今根据前期各位大神的做品，从头至尾作了一次。发现对于咱们小白来讲问题不在于安装，而在于优化，而大神们将优化说的比较少，因此我将本身的过程记录下：
1、准备工做：
一、查看系统版本并升级
cat /etc/redhat-release
yum update -y
二、将自带的epel、nginx、php所有卸载
rpm -qa|grep php
rpm -qa|grep php-common
rpm -qa|grep nginx
三、关闭selinux ，关闭防火墙
a、vi /etc/selinux/config，修改SELINUX=disabled
b、systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
1、安装nginx、并进行配置
一、首先要为CentOS添加epel源
yum -y install epel-release
yum -y install nginx
二、再添加一个yum源来安装php-fpm
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
三、安装php7-fpm和一些其它的必要的组件
yum -y install php70w-fpm php70w-cli php70w-gd php70w-mcrypt php70w-mysql php70w-pear php70w-xml php70w-mbstring php70w-pdo php70w-json php70w-pecl-apcu php70w-pecl-apcu-devel
四、完成后，检查一下php-fpm是否已正常安装
php -v
五、配置php7-fpm
vim /etc/php-fpm.d/×××w.conf
user = nginx //将用户和组都改成nginx
group = nginx
.....
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 //php-fpm所监听的端口为9000
......
env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME //去掉下面几行注释，去掉前面的符号
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp
六、在/var/lib目录下为session路径建立一个新的文件夹，并将用户名和组设为nginx
mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session
chown nginx:nginx -R /var/lib/php/session/
七、启动Nginx和php-fpm服务，并添加开机启动
systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable php-fpm
systemctl enable nginx
2、安装并配置MariaDB
一、yum安装MaraiDB服务
yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
二、启动MariaDB服务并添加开机启动
systemctl start mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb
三、接下来设置MariaDB的root密码
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# mysql_secure_installation //按照提示设置密码，首先会询问当前密码，密码默认为空，直接回车便可
Enter current password for root (enter for none): //直接回车
Set root password? [Y/n] Y
New password: //输入新密码
Re-enter new password: //再次输入新密码
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

四、设置完MariaDB的密码后，使用命令行登陆MariaDB，并为Nextcloud建立相应的用户和数据库。
例如数据库为nextcloud_db，用户为nextclouduser，密码为nextcloudpasswd：
[root@nextcloud-server ~]# mysql -p
......
MariaDB [(none)]> create database nextcloud_db;
MariaDB [(none)]> create user nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextcloudpasswd';
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on nextcloud_db.* to nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextcloudpasswd';
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
MariaDB [(none)]> \q

3、为Nextcloud生成自签名SSL证书
一、cd /etc/nginx
mkdir cert
cd /etc/nginx/cert/
openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key
.....
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:cn //国家
State or Province Name (full name) []:beijing //省份
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:beijing //地区名字
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:kevin //公司名
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Technology //部门
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:kevin //CA主机名
Email Address []:kevin@wangshibo.cn

×××和文件夹权限
$ chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*
$ chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert
4、下载并安装Nextcloud
yum -y install wget unzip
cd /usr/local/src/
wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-14.0.3.zip
unzip nextcloud-14.0.3.zip
ls
mv nextcloud /usr/share/nginx/html/

进入Nginx的root目录，并为Nextcloud建立data目录，将Nextcloud的用户和组修改成nginx

cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
mkdir -p nextcloud/data/
chown nginx:nginx -R nextcloud/

5、设置Nginx虚拟主机

进入Nginx的虚拟主机配置文件所在目录并建立一个新的虚拟主机配置（记得修改两个server_name为本身的域名）
*小白要注意：
个人云主机中须要将listen 443改成442，listen80改成81，并在安全组中对这两个端口进行放行。这里困惑了好久，由于服务商关闭了80和443端口，因此，我修改成其余的，同时在云主机—安全组中，要对这两个端口进行放行（你若是备案的话，就不存在修改端口号的问题，只须要在安全组中进行放行）
cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
vim nextcloud.conf
upstream php-handler {
server 127.0.0.1:9000;
#server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
}

server {
listen 80;
server_name xxx.com;

enforce https

return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;

}

server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name xxx.com;

ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key;

# Add headers to serve security related headers
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
# topic first.
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
includeSubDomains; preload;";
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;

# Path to the root of your installation
root /usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/;

location = /robots.txt {
    allow all;
    log_not_found off;
    access_log off;
}

# The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
# Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json
# last;

location = /.well-known/carddav {
  return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
}
location = /.well-known/caldav {
  return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
}

# set max upload size
client_max_body_size 512M;
fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

# Disable gzip to avoid the removal of the ETag header
gzip off;

# Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
# This module is currently not supported.
#pagespeed off;

error_page 403 /core/templates/403.php;
error_page 404 /core/templates/404.php;

location / {
    rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;
}

location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
    deny all;
}
location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
    deny all;
}

location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+|core/templates/40[34])\.php(?:$|/) {
    include fastcgi_params;
    fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
    fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
    #Avoid sending the security headers twice
    fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
    fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
    fastcgi_pass php-handler;
    fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
    fastcgi_request_buffering off;
}

location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {
    try_files $uri/ =404;
    index index.php;
}

# Adding the cache control header for js and css files
# Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
location ~* \.(?:css|js)$ {
    try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
    add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=7200";
    # Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
    # have those duplicated to the ones above)
    # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
    # this topic first.
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;includeSubDomains; preload;";
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
    add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
    add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
    # Optional: Don't log access to assets
    access_log off;
}

location ~* \.(?:svg|gif|png|html|ttf|woff|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
    try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
    # Optional: Don't log access to other assets
    access_log off;
}

}

接下来测试如下配置文件是否有错误，确保没有问题后重启Nginx服务。
[root@nextcloud-server conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@nextcloud-server conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx

7、安装Nextcloud
解析上面nginx中配置的域名nextcloud.kevin-inc.com，访问访问http://nextcloud.kevin-inc.com进行Nextcloud界面安装（访问http域名会自动跳转到https，安装提示安装便可！）

---

重要的地方来了，由于各位大神都是左写一部分，右写一部分，全部我花费了不少时间来配置，下面我将个人一些错误的解决标识出来：
1、解决内存缓存问题：
一、安装redis
yum install redis -y
systemctl start redis
systemctl enable redis
ps ax | grep redis
二、安装扩展：php-redis

原则：安装和php版本一致的扩展
解决办法
a.经过命令查看当前php版本
php -v
b.列出全部的能够安装的php软件包列表
yum list | grep php7
c、查看redis包全名并安装
yum install php70w-pecl-redis.x86_64
d.重启php-fpm
systemctl restart php-fpm
三、编辑配置文件
cd /usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/config/
cp config.php config.php.bak
vi config.php
'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'redis' => array(
'host' => 'localhost',
'port' => 6379,
),

systemctl restart nginx
systemctl start redis
systemctl enable redis
2、解决：The PHP OPcache module is not loaded.问题
一、find / -name “php.ini” 找到php.ini文件
二、备份php.ini cp /etc/php.ini /etc/php.ini.bak
三、下载对应php版本的OPcache
a、yum list | grep php7
b、安装
yum install php70w-opcache.x86_64
c、重启php-fpm
systemctl restart php-fpm
四、编辑opcache配置文件：
位置：/etc/php.d/opcache.ini
vi /etc/php.d/opcache.ini
opcache.enable=1
opcache.enable_cli=1
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.save_comments=1
opcache.revalidate_freq=1
3、 centos7 里搭建的nextcloud后没法登陆

建立并设置 /var/lib/php/session 目录权限后问题解决。
chown nginx:nginx -R /var/lib/php/session/
4、 内部服务器错误：

cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
chown nginx:nginx -R nextcloud/
5、定时任务解决：

centos7中定时任务设置：
一、进入目录：
cd /etc/systemd/system/
二、建立文件
vi nextcloudcron.service

[Unit]
Description=Nextcloud cron.php job
[Service]
User=nginx
ExecStart=/usr/bin/php -f /usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/cron.php
[Install]
WantedBy=basic.target

将nginx和 /usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/cron.php保存为本身的用户名和地址保存退出三、建立nextcloudcron.timer[Unit]Description=Run Nextcloud cron.php every 15 minutes[Timer]OnBootSec=5minOnUnitActiveSec=15minUnit=nextcloudcron.service[Install]WantedBy=timers.target四、运行systemctl start nextcloudcron.timersystemctl enable nextcloudcron.timer