nginx（一）日志

PS：Nginx日志相关指令主要有两条，一条是log_format，用来设置日志格式，另一条是access_log，用来指定日志文件的存放路径、类型、缓存大小等，通常放在Nginx的默认主配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 。

说明:  该nginx是1.8  在 商城教程中

日志使用教程：

     (一) 在 nginx的Server段中，添加 access_log 字段，用来定义 每一个 Server 的日志生成路径 及 指定格式

        例如: 

        

 

（二） 在 http中定义 log_format,例如: 

 

（三）从新加载nginx  :   ./nginx -s reload

 

（四）nginx完整配置以下

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                     '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                     '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        access_log  logs/test.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

    

 

 

（五）自定义nginx日志格式       

Nginx的log_format有不少可选的参数用于标示服务器的活动状态，默认的是：
‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘
‘”$http_user_agent” “$http_x_forwarded_for”‘;

若是要记录更详细的信息须要本身修改log_format，具体可设置的参数格式及说明以下：

参数	说明	示例
$remote_addr	客户端地址	219.227.111.255
$remote_user	客户端用户名称	—
$time_local	访问时间和时区	18/Jul/2014:17:00:01 +0800
$request	请求的URI和HTTP协议	“GET /article-10000.html HTTP/1.1”
$http_host	请求地址，即浏览器中你输入的地址（IP或域名）	www.ha97.com 198.98.120.87
$status	HTTP请求状态	200
$upstream_status	upstream状态	200
$body_bytes_sent	发送给客户端文件内容大小	1547
$http_referer	url跳转来源	https://www.google.com/
$http_user_agent	用户终端浏览器等信息	“Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; GTB7.0; .NET4.0C;
$ssl_protocol	SSL协议版本	TLSv1
$ssl_cipher	交换数据中的算法	RC4-SHA
$upstream_addr	后台upstream的地址，即真正提供服务的主机地址	10.36.10.80:80
$request_time	整个请求的总时间	0.165
$upstream_response_time	请求过程当中，upstream响应时间	0.002