ACL访问控制列表配置实例 (一)

时间 2019-11-05

标签 acl 访问控制列表配置实例繁體版

原文原文链接

标准访问控制列表

在GNS 3中拓扑实验，配置一台路由设备，一台交换设备，分别链接三台PC机，三台PC机分别配置IP地址，并在路由设备中配置网关，以下图所示，配置完成后配置标准访问控制列表，禁止PC1与PC3通讯，PC2与PC3正常通讯。html

一、首先进入交换设备进行配置linux

sw#conf t                             //进入全局模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
sw(config)#no ip routing              //进入交换设备，关闭路由功能
sw(config)#int f1/0                   //进入f1/0接口
sw(config-if)#speed 100               //配置速率100
sw(config-if)#duplex full             //开启双工模式

二、进入路由设备，配置接口IP地址web

R1#conf t                                          //进入全局模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int f0/0                                //进入f0/0接口
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0    //添加IP地址
R1(config-if)#no shutdown                          //开启接口
R1(config-if)#int f0/1                             //进入f0/1接口
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0    //添加IP地址
R1(config-if)#no shutdown                          //开启接口
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#do show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

三、分别进入PC机，设置IP地址vim

PC1> ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1

PC2> ip 192.168.10.3 192.168.10.1
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.10.3 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1

PC3> ip 192.168.20.2 192.168.20.1
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.20.1

四、先测试PC1与PC2是否能够与PC3通讯centos

PC1> ping 192.168.20.2
192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout
84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=20.913 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=14.960 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=17.917 ms

PC2> ping 192.168.20.2
84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=19.021 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=23.997 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=21.941 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=13.966 ms

五、在路由设备中配置标准访问控制列表，禁止PC1与PC3通讯安全

R1(config)#access-list 1 deny 192.168.10.2 0.0.0.0 
R1(config)#do show access-list
Standard IP access list 1
    10 deny   192.168.10.2
R1(config)#access-list 1 permit any 
R1(config)#do show access-list
Standard IP access list 1
    10 deny   192.168.10.2
    20 permit any
R1(config-if)#ip access-group 1 in

六、测试PC1是否能够与PC3通讯网络

PC1> ping 192.168.20.2
*192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=9.943 ms (ICMP type:3, code:13, Communication administratively prohibited)
*192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=3.990 ms (ICMP type:3, code:13, Communication administratively prohibited)
*192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=9.014 ms (ICMP type:3, code:13, Communication administratively prohibited)

七、测试PC2与PC3是否能够正常通讯tcp

PC2> ping 192.168.20.2
192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout
192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=2 timeout
84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=17.958 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=19.981 ms

扩展访问控制列表

实验需求:ide

容许Win10访问Linux的web服务测试

禁止Win10访问linux的其余用务

容许Win10访问Win10-2主机

首先在GNS 3中拓扑实验图，配置一台路由设备，在路由设备中添加一个网络接口，配置三台真实主机，一台Linux系统，两台win10系统，分别链接路由设备，并在VMware中开启主机，给三台主机分别绑定VMnet一、VMnet二、VMnet3网卡，而后分别与路由器相连，并在路由器接口处标出将要划分的三个网段，如图：

一、在Linux系统中安装FTP与HTTP服务

[root@localhost ~]# yum install vsftpd -y
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
base                                                                  | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                               | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                         | 165 kB  00:00:00 
...//省略部份内容...
Running transaction
  正在安装    : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64                                               1/1 
  验证中      : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64                                               1/1 

已安装:
  vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-25.el7                                                               

完毕！
[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd -y
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
...//省略部份内容...
已安装:
  httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos                                                         

做为依赖被安装:
  apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7                           apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7          
  httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos           mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7          

完毕！

二、更改Linux系统中网卡信息，并在VMware中绑定VMnet2网卡并重启虚拟机。

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=2ef6b862-5201-48c5-a450-23b3720ab3a0
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.100
NTEMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.100.1
~
~
:wq

三、分别给两台Win10设备绑定网，而后分别配置固定IP地址，并关闭防火墙。

四、在GNS 3中开启设备，并进路由入设备进行配置接口IP地址

R1#conf t                                     //进入全局模式
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int f0/0                           //进入f0/0接口
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0  //配置IP地址
R1(config-if)#no shut                             //开启接口
*Mar  1 00:05:30.323: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:05:31.323: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#int f0/1                           //进入f0/1接口
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0 //配置IP地址
R1(config-if)#no shut                             //开启接口
*Mar  1 00:06:16.031: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:06:17.031: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#int f1/0                          //进入f1/0接口
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0  //配置IP地址
R1(config-if)#no shut                            //开启接口
*Mar  1 00:06:35.815: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:06:36.815: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#do show ip route                     //查看路由表
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0          //显示网段信息
C    192.168.100.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

五、测试网络连通性

六、在Linux系统中编辑HTTP服务站点信息，并启动服务，启动FTP服务。

[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/            //进入站点
[root@localhost html]# vim index.html            //编辑网页
<h1>this is test wed</h1>                        //编辑内容
~
~
:wq                                               //保存退出
[root@localhost html]# systemctl start httpd      //启动httpd服务
[root@localhost html]# systemctl stop firewalld.service   //关闭防火情
[root@localhost html]# setenforce 0                 //关闭加强性安全功能
[root@localhost html]# systemctl start vsftpd        //启动FTP服务
[root@localhost html]# netstat -ntap | egrep '(21|80)'   //查看服务是否端口
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      3437/httpd          
tcp6       0      0 :::21                   :::*                    LISTEN      3766/vsftpd       
[root@localhost html]# cd /var/ftp/         //进入FTP站点
[root@localhost ftp]# echo "this is ftp" > ftp_test.txt   //生成txt文件
[root@localhost ftp]# ls           //查看站点内容
ftp_test.txt  pub                  //显示站点内容

七、在win10设备中测试HTTP与FTP服务是否提供。

八、在GNS 3路由设备中配置ACL访问控制条目

R1(config)#access-list 100 per               //设置win10主机容许访问Linux系统HTTP服务          
R1(config)#$ 100 permit tcp host 192.168.1.2 host 192.168.100.100 eq www
R1(config)#do show access-li                  //查看
Extended IP access list 100
    10 permit tcp host 192.168.1.2 host 192.168.100.100 eq www   //显示列表信息
R1(config)#access-list 100 deny ip host 192.168.1.2 host 192.168.100.100  //配置拒绝访问Linux其余服务
R1(config)#do show access-li                   //查看                 
Extended IP access list 100
    10 permit tcp host 192.168.1.2 host 192.168.100.100 eq www
    20 deny ip host 192.168.1.2 host 192.168.100.100                  //显示列表信息
R1(config)#access-list 100 permit ip host 192.168.1.2 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 
//配置win10设备容许访问win10 2设备
R1(config)#do show access-li                 //查看                                    
Extended IP access list 100
    10 permit tcp host 192.168.1.2 host 192.168.100.100 eq www
    20 deny ip host 192.168.1.2 host 192.168.100.100
    30 permit ip host 192.168.1.2 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255      //显示列表信息
R1(config)#int f0/0                 //进入接口
R1(config-if)#ip access-group 100 in    //将配置应用在接口，进入方向

九、测试配置结果