PHP7之Trait详解

转自: https://www.jianshu.com/p/fc053b2d7fd1php

php从之前到如今一直都是单继承的语言,没法同时从两个基类中继承属性和方法,为了解决这个问题,php出了Trait这个特性(据说这个Trait和Go语言有点相似,具体没学过Go语言)测试

 

用法:经过在类中使用use 关键字,声明要组合的Trait名称,具体的Trait的声明使用Trait关键词,Trait不能实例化spa

以下代码实例:3d

<?php trait Dog{ public $name="dog"; public function bark(){ echo "This is dog"; } } class Animal{ public function eat(){ echo "This is animal eat"; } } class Cat extends Animal{ use Dog; public function drive(){ echo "This is cat drive"; } } $cat = new Cat(); $cat->drive(); echo "<br/>"; $cat->eat(); echo "<br/>"; $cat->bark(); ?> 

将会以下输出code

Paste_Image.png

再测试Trait、基类和本类对同名属性或方法的处理,以下代码

<?php trait Dog{ public $name="dog"; public function drive(){ echo "This is dog drive"; } public function eat(){ echo "This is dog eat"; } } class Animal{ public function drive(){ echo "This is animal drive"; } public function eat(){ echo "This is animal eat"; } } class Cat extends Animal{ use Dog; public function drive(){ echo "This is cat drive"; } } $cat = new Cat(); $cat->drive(); echo "<br/>"; $cat->eat(); ?> 

以下显示orm

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因此:Trait中的方法或属性会覆盖 基类中的同名的方法或属性,而本类会覆盖Trait中同名的属性或方法xml

一个类能够组合多个Trait,经过逗号相隔,以下

use trait1,trait2blog

当不一样的trait中,却有着同名的方法或属性,会产生冲突,可使用insteadof或 as进行解决,insteadof 是进行替代,而as是给它取别名
以下实例:继承

<?php trait trait1{ public function eat(){ echo "This is trait1 eat"; } public function drive(){ echo "This is trait1 drive"; } } trait trait2{ public function eat(){ echo "This is trait2 eat"; } public function drive(){ echo "This is trait2 drive"; } } class cat{ use trait1,trait2{ trait1::eat insteadof trait2; trait1::drive insteadof trait2; } } class dog{ use trait1,trait2{ trait1::eat insteadof trait2; trait1::drive insteadof trait2; trait2::eat as eaten; trait2::drive as driven; } } $cat = new cat(); $cat->eat(); echo "<br/>"; $cat->drive(); echo "<br/>"; echo "<br/>"; echo "<br/>"; $dog = new dog(); $dog->eat(); echo "<br/>"; $dog->drive(); echo "<br/>"; $dog->eaten(); echo "<br/>"; $dog->driven(); ?> 

输出以下get

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as 还能够修改方法的访问控制

<?php trait Animal{ public function eat(){ echo "This is Animal eat"; } } class Dog{ use Animal{ eat as protected; } } class Cat{ use Animal{ Animal::eat as private eaten; } } $dog = new Dog(); $dog->eat();//报错,由于已经把eat改为了保护 $cat = new Cat(); $cat->eat();//正常运行,不会修改原先的访问控制 $cat->eaten();//报错,已经改为了私有的访问控制 ?> 

Trait也能够互相组合,还可使用抽象方法,静态属性,静态方法等,实例以下

<?php trait Cat{ public function eat(){ echo "This is Cat eat"; } } trait Dog{ use Cat; public function drive(){ echo "This is Dog drive"; } abstract public function getName(); public function test(){ static $num=0; $num++; echo $num; } public static function say(){ echo "This is Dog say"; } } class animal{ use Dog; public function getName(){ echo "This is animal name"; } } $animal = new animal(); $animal->getName(); echo "<br/>"; $animal->eat(); echo "<br/>"; $animal->drive(); echo "<br/>"; $animal::say(); echo "<br/>"; $animal->test(); echo "<br/>"; $animal->test(); ?> 

输出以下

做者:依恋灬 连接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/fc053b2d7fd1 來源:简书 简书著做权归做者全部,任何形式的转载都请联系做者得到受权并注明出处。
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