- 下面的代码有没有区别?为何?
void code() { int i = 0; i++; // i 的值做为返回值, i 自增 1 ++i; // i 自增 1, i 做为返回值 }
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int i = 0; i++; ++i; return 0; }
vc++ 2010 汇编ios
int i = 0; 0127136E mov dword ptr [i],0 i++; 01271375 mov eax,dword ptr [i] 01271378 add eax,1 0127137B mov dword ptr [i],eax ++i; 0127137E mov eax,dword ptr [i] 01271381 add eax,1 01271384 mov dword ptr [i],eax
g++ 汇编c++
14 int i = 0; 0804869d: movl $0x0,0x1c(%esp) 16 i++; 080486a5: addl $0x1,0x1c(%esp) 18 ++i; 080486aa: addl $0x1,0x1c(%esp)
对于基础数据类型,在工程上没有任何区别。
因为实例中没有使用返回值,通过编译器优化后,生成相同的汇编代码。编程
- 现代编译器产品会对代码进行优化
- 优化使得最终的二进制程序更高效
- 优化后的二进制程序失去了 C/C++ 的原生语义
- 不可能从编译后的二进制程序彻底还原 C/C++ 程序
C/C++ 开发的软件没法彻底反编译函数
思考:
++ 操做符能够重载吗?如何区分前置 ++ 和后置 ++?优化
++ 操做符能够被重载this
- 全局函数和成员函数都可进行重载【推荐成员函数】
- 重载前置 ++ 操做符不须要额外的参数
- 重载后置 ++ 操做符须要一个 int 类型的占位参数
#include <iostream> using namespace std; class Test { private: int mValue; public: Test(int i) { mValue = i; } int value() { return mValue; } Test& operator ++ () { mValue = mValue + 1; return *this; } Test operator ++ (int) // 返回值而不是引用 { Test ret(mValue); mValue = mValue + 1; return ret; } }; int main() { Test t1(0); Test t2(0); Test tt1 = t1++; cout << t1.value() << endl; cout << tt1.value() << endl; Test tt2 = ++t2; cout << t2.value() << endl; cout << tt2.value() << endl; return 0; }
输出: 1 0 1 1
后置 ++ 操做符重载分析:编码
Test operator ++ (int) { Test ret(mValue); mValue = mValue + 1; return ret; }
对于基础类型的变量spa
- 前置 ++ 的效率与后置 ++ 的效率基本相同
- 根据项目组编码规范进行选择
对于类类型的对象code
- 前置 ++ 的效率高于后置 ++
- 尽可能使用前置 ++ 操做符提升程序效率
Complex.h对象
#ifndef _COMPLEX_H_ #define _COMPLEX_H_ class Complex { private: double a; double b; public: Complex(int a = 0, int b = 0); int getA(); int getB(); int getModulus(); Complex operator + (const Complex& c); Complex operator - (const Complex& c); Complex operator * (const Complex& c); Complex operator / (const Complex& c); bool operator == (const Complex& c); bool operator != (const Complex& c); Complex& operator = (const Complex& c); Complex& operator ++ (); Complex operator ++ (int); Complex& operator -- (); Complex operator -- (int); }; #endif
Complex.cpp
#include "Complex.h" #include <math.h> Complex::Complex(int a, int b) { this->a = a; this->b = b; } int Complex::getA() { return a; } int Complex::getB() { return b; } int Complex::getModulus() { return sqrt(a * a + b * b); } Complex Complex::operator + (const Complex& c) { double na = a + c.a; double nb = b + c.a; Complex ret(na, nb); return ret; } Complex Complex::operator - (const Complex& c) { double na = a - c.a; double nb = b - c.b; Complex ret(na, nb); return ret; } Complex Complex::operator * (const Complex& c) { double na = a * c.a - b * c.b; double nb = a * c.b + b * c.a; Complex ret(na, nb); return ret; } Complex Complex::operator / (const Complex& c) { double nm = c.a * c.a + c.b * c.b; double na = (a * c.a + b * c.b) / nm; double nb = (b * c.a - a * c.b) / nm; Complex ret(na, nb); return ret; } bool Complex::operator == (const Complex& c) { return (a == c.a) && (b == c.b); } bool Complex::operator != (const Complex& c) { return !(*this == c); } // 为了实现循环赋值,将自身引用返回 Complex& Complex::operator = (const Complex& c) { // 若意图本身给本身赋值,则跳过 if( this != &c ) { a = c.a; b = c.b; } return *this; } Complex& Complex::operator ++ () { a = a + 1; b = b + 1; return *this; } Complex Complex::operator ++ (int) { Complex ret(a, b); a = a + 1; b = b + 1; return ret; } Complex& Complex::operator -- () { a = a - 1; b = b - 1; return *this; } Complex Complex::operator -- (int) { Complex ret(a, b); a = a - 1; b = b - 1; return ret; }
main.cpp
#include <iostream> #include "Complex.h" using namespace std; int main() { Complex c1(0, 0); Complex c2(0, 0); Complex c3 = c1++; cout << c3.getA() << endl; cout << c3.getB() << endl; Complex c4 = ++c2; cout << c4.getA() << endl; cout << c4.getB() << endl; return 0; }
输出: 0 0 1 1
- 编译优化使得最终的可执行程序更加高效
- 前置 ++ 操做符和后置 ++ 操做符均可以被重载
- ++ 操做符的重载必须符合原生语义
- 对于基础类型, 前置 ++ 与 后置 ++ 的效率几乎相同
- 对于类类型,前置 ++ 的效率高于后置 ++
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