Elasticsearch——集群管理及文档CRUD

时间  2019-12-08
标签 elasticsearch 集群 管理 文档 crud 栏目 日志分析 繁體版
原文   原文链接

1. 集群管理

Elasticsearch 提供了 cat api， 能够查看集群的数据node

1.1 检查集群的健康状况

GET _cat/health?v
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返回结果：json

epoch      timestamp cluster status node.total node.data shards pri relo init unassign pending_tasks max_task_wait_time active_shards_percent
1548510225 21:43:45  win-es  yellow          1         1      1   1    0    0        1             0                  -                 50.0%
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1.2 查看集群中有哪些索引

GET _cat/indices?v
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返回结果：api

health status index   uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
yellow open   .kibana sdht2-l3Q9SaK-neV9RKcQ   1   1          1            0      3.2kb          3.2kb
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2. 文档CRUD

2.1 新增商品：新增文档，创建索引

语法： PUT /index/type/idapp

PUT /ecommerce/product/1
{
  "name": "gaolujie yagao",
  "desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
  "price": 30,
  "producer": "gaolujie producer",
  "tags": ["meibai","fangzhu"]
}
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返回结果：curl

{
  "_index": "ecommerce",
  "_type": "product",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "created",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "created": true
}
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其他两条数据：工具

PUT /ecommerce/product/2
{
    "name" : "jiajieshi yagao",
    "desc" :  "youxiao fangzhu",
    "price" :  25,
    "producer" :      "jiajieshi producer",
    "tags": [ "fangzhu" ]
}

PUT /ecommerce/product/3
{
    "name" : "zhonghua yagao",
    "desc" :  "caoben zhiwu",
    "price" :  40,
    "producer" : "zhonghua producer",
    "tags": [ "qingxin" ]
}
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es会自动创建index和type，不须要提早建立，并且es默认会对document每一个field都创建倒排索引，让其能够被搜索ui

2.2 查询商品：检索文档

语法： GET /index/type/idurl

GET /ecommerce/product/1
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返回结果：spa

{
  "_index": "ecommerce",
  "_type": "product",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "name": "gaolujie yagao",
    "desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
    "price": 30,
    "producer": "gaolujie producer",
    "tags": [
      "meibai",
      "fangzhu"
    ]
  }
}
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2.3 修改商品：替换文档

PUT /ecommerce/product/1
{
    "name" : "jiaqiangban gaolujie yagao",
    "desc" :  "gaoxiao meibai",
    "price" :  30,
    "producer" :      "gaolujie producer",
    "tags": [ "meibai", "fangzhu" ]
}
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返回结果：命令行

{
  "_index": "ecommerce",
  "_type": "product",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 2,
  "result": "updated",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "created": false
}
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替换方式有一个很差，即便必须带上全部的field，才能去进行信息的修改。例如：

PUT /ecommerce/product/1
{
    "name" : "jiaqiangban gaolujie yagao"
}
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执行 GET 查看该文档，返回结果：

{
  "_index": "ecommerce",
  "_type": "product",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 3,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "name": "jiaqiangban gaolujie yagao"
  }
}
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返回结果中只有 name 字段

2.4 修改商品：更新文档

注意语法， 有 doc

POST /ecommerce/product/1/_update
{
  "doc": {
    "name": "jiaqiangban gaolujie yagao"
  }
}
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返回结果:

{
  "_index": "ecommerce",
  "_type": "product",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 7,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "name": "jiaqiangban gaolujie yagao",
    "desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
    "price": 30,
    "producer": "gaolujie producer",
    "tags": [
      "meibai",
      "fangzhu"
    ]
  }
}
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2.5 删除文档

语法： DELETE /ecommerce/producer/1

DELETE /ecommerce/producet/1
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返回结果：

{
  "found": false,
  "_index": "ecommerce",
  "_type": "producet",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "not_found",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  }
}
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3. 搜素方式

3.1 query string search

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
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返回结果：

  • took：耗费了几毫秒

  • timed_out：是否超时，这里是没有

  • _shards：数据拆成了5个分片，因此对于搜索请求，会打到全部的primary

  • shard（或者是它的某个replica shard也能够）

  • hits.total：查询结果的数量，3个document

  • hits.max_score：score的含义，就是document对于一个search的相关度的匹配分数，越相关，就越匹配，分数也高

  • hits.hits：包含了匹配搜索的document的详细数据

    {
  "took": 3,             # 耗费几毫秒
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "jiajieshi yagao",
          "desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
          "price": 25,
          "producer": "jiajieshi producer",
          "tags": [
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": " aolujie yagao",
          "desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
          "price": 30,
          "producer": "gaolujie producer",
          "tags": [
            "meibai",
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "zhonghua yagao",
          "desc": "caoben zhiwu",
          "price": 40,
          "producer": "zhonghua producer",
          "tags": [
            "qingxin"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
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query string search的由来，由于search参数都是以http请求的query string来附带的

搜索商品名称中包含yagao的商品，并且按照售价降序排序

GET /ecommerce/product/_search?q=name:yagao&sort=price:desc
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返回结果：

{
  "took": 18,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": null,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "name": "zhonghua yagao",
          "desc": "caoben zhiwu",
          "price": 40,
          "producer": "zhonghua producer",
          "tags": [
            "qingxin"
          ]
        },
        "sort": [
          40
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "name": " aolujie yagao",
          "desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
          "price": 30,
          "producer": "gaolujie producer",
          "tags": [
            "meibai",
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        },
        "sort": [
          30
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "name": "jiajieshi yagao",
          "desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
          "price": 25,
          "producer": "jiajieshi producer",
          "tags": [
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        },
        "sort": [
          25
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}
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适用于临时的在命令行使用一些工具，好比curl，快速的发出请求，来检索想要的信息；可是若是查询请求很复杂，是很难去构建的 在生产环境中，几乎不多使用query string search

3.2 quert DSL

DSL: Domain Specified Language 特定领域的语言

http request body: 请求体，能够用 json 的格式来构建查询语法，比较方便。能够构建各类复杂的语法。

  • 查询全部商品

    GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}
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返回结果同上

  • 搜索商品名称中包含yagao的商品，并且按照售价降序排序

    GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "yagao"
    }
  },
  "sort": [
    {
      "price": "desc"
    }
  ]
}
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  • 分页查询商品

    假设每页一个商品，查询第二页的商品

    GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "from": 1,
  "size": 1
}
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  • 指定查询后返回的字段

    GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "_source": ["name", "price"]
}
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返回结果：

{
  "took": 11,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "price": 25,
          "name": "jiajieshi yagao"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "price": 30,
          "name": " aolujie yagao"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "price": 40,
          "name": "zhonghua yagao"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
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3.3 query filter

查询名称包含 yagao， 价格大于25的商品

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": {
        "match": {
          "name": "yagao"
        }
      },
      "filter": {
        "range": {
          "price": {
            "gt": 25
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
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3.4 full-text search 全文搜索

先增长一条数据，producer 字段中包含 yagao producer这两个词：

PUT /ecommerce/product/4
{
  "name": "special yagao",
  "desc": "",
  "proce": 50,
  "producer": "special yagao producer",
  "tags": ["meibai"]
}
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查询：

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "producer": "yagao producer"
    }
  }
}
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返回结果：

{
  "took": 0,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 4,
    "max_score": 0.70293105,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "4",
        "_score": 0.70293105,
        "_source": {
          "producer": "special yagao producer"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.25811607,
        "_source": {
          "name": " aolujie yagao",
          "desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
          "price": 30,
          "producer": "gaolujie producer",
          "tags": [
            "meibai",
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 0.25811607,
        "_source": {
          "name": "zhonghua yagao",
          "desc": "caoben zhiwu",
          "price": 40,
          "producer": "zhonghua producer",
          "tags": [
            "qingxin"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.1805489,
        "_source": {
          "name": "jiajieshi yagao",
          "desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
          "price": 25,
          "producer": "jiajieshi producer",
          "tags": [
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
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从结果中能够看出, 新增的数据包含 yagao 和 producer 这两个词，因此评分最高。

3.5 phrase query 短语查询

跟全文检索相反，全文检索会将输入的搜索串拆解开来，去倒排索引里面去一一匹配，只要能匹配上任意一个拆解后的单词，就能够做为结果返回

phrase search，要求输入的搜索串，必须在指定的字段文本中，彻底包含如出一辙的，才能够算匹配，才能做为结果返回

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "producer": "yagao producer"
    }
  }
}
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返回结果：

{
  "took": 0,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.70293105,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "4",
        "_score": 0.70293105,
        "_source": {
          "producer": "special yagao producer"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
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3.6 highlight search 高亮搜索结果

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "producer": "producer"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "fields": {
      "producer": {}
    }
  }
}
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返回结果：

{
  "took": 0,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 4,
    "max_score": 0.25811607,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.25811607,
        "_source": {
          "name": "gaolujie yagao",
          "desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
          "price": 30,
          "producer": "gaolujie producer",
          "tags": [
            "meibai",
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        },
        "highlight": {
          "producer": [
            "gaolujie <em>producer</em>"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 0.25811607,
        "_source": {
          "name": "zhonghua yagao",
          "desc": "caoben zhiwu",
          "price": 40,
          "producer": "zhonghua producer",
          "tags": [
            "qingxin"
          ]
        },
        "highlight": {
          "producer": [
            "zhonghua <em>producer</em>"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.1805489,
        "_source": {
          "name": "jiajieshi yagao",
          "desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
          "price": 25,
          "producer": "jiajieshi producer",
          "tags": [
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        },
        "highlight": {
          "producer": [
            "jiajieshi <em>producer</em>"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "4",
        "_score": 0.14638957,
        "_source": {
          "producer": "special yagao producer"
        },
        "highlight": {
          "producer": [
            "special yagao <em>producer</em>"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
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4. 简单聚合

先对tag设置能够进行聚合分析，不然会报错

将文本field的fielddata属性设置为true

PUT /ecommerce/product/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "tags": {
      "type": "text",
      "fielddata": true
    }
  }
}
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4.1 计算每一个tag下的商品数量

聚合查询语法：

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "aggs": {
    "group_by_tags": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "tags"
      }
    }
  }
}
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返回结果：

{
  "took": 28,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 4,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "jiajieshi yagao",
          "desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
          "price": 25,
          "producer": "jiajieshi producer",
          "tags": [
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "4",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "special yagao",
          "desc": "",
          "price": 50,
          "producer": "special yagao producer",
          "tags": [
            "meibai"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "gaolujie yagao",
          "desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
          "price": 30,
          "producer": "gaolujie producer",
          "tags": [
            "meibai",
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "zhonghua yagao",
          "desc": "caoben zhiwu",
          "price": 40,
          "producer": "zhonghua producer",
          "tags": [
            "qingxin"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "aggregations": {
    "group_by_tags": {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
      "buckets": [
        {
          "key": "fangzhu",
          "doc_count": 2
        },
        {
          "key": "meibai",
          "doc_count": 2
        },
        {
          "key": "qingxin",
          "doc_count": 1
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
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能够看到，返回结果包含了每条文档的详细信息，若是只想要聚合结果，查询时设置 size=0

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "group_by_tags": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "tags"
      }
    }
  }
}
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返回结果：

{
  "took": 5,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 4,
    "max_score": 0,
    "hits": []
  },
  "aggregations": {
    "group_by_tags": {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
      "buckets": [
        {
          "key": "fangzhu",
          "doc_count": 2
        },
        {
          "key": "meibai",
          "doc_count": 2
        },
        {
          "key": "qingxin",
          "doc_count": 1
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
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能够看到返回结果中就没有详细信息了，只有聚合信息

4.2 对名称中包含yagao的商品，计算每一个tag下的商品数量

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "name": "yagao"
    }
  },
  "aggs": {
    "group_by_tags": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "tags"
      }
    }
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返回结果：

{
  "took": 13,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 4,
    "max_score": 0,
    "hits": []
  },
  "aggregations": {
    "group_by_tags": {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
      "buckets": [
        {
          "key": "fangzhu",
          "doc_count": 2
        },
        {
          "key": "meibai",
          "doc_count": 2
        },
        {
          "key": "qingxin",
          "doc_count": 1
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
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4.3 先分组，再算每组的平均值，计算每一个tag下的商品的平均价格

计算每一个 tag 下的平均价格，就要在 tag 的分组的里面再进行分组

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "group_by_tags": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "tags"
      },
      "aggs": {
        "avg_price": {
          "avg": {
            "field": "price"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
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返回结果：

{
  "took": 0,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 4,
    "max_score": 0,
    "hits": []
  },
  "aggregations": {
    "group_by_tags": {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
      "buckets": [
        {
          "key": "fangzhu",
          "doc_count": 2,
          "avg_price": {
            "value": 27.5
          }
        },
        {
          "key": "meibai",
          "doc_count": 2,
          "avg_price": {
            "value": 40
          }
        },
        {
          "key": "qingxin",
          "doc_count": 1,
          "avg_price": {
            "value": 40
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
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4.4 计算每一个tag下的商品的平均价格，而且按照平均价格降序排序

再分组里面写排序规则

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "size": 0, 
  "aggs": {
    "group_by_tags": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "tags",
        "order": {
          "avg_price": "desc"
        }
      },
      "aggs": {
        "avg_price": {
          "avg": {
            "field": "price"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
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返回结果：

{
  "took": 0,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 4,
    "max_score": 0,
    "hits": []
  },
  "aggregations": {
    "group_by_tags": {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
      "buckets": [
        {
          "key": "meibai",
          "doc_count": 2,
          "avg_price": {
            "value": 40
          }
        },
        {
          "key": "qingxin",
          "doc_count": 1,
          "avg_price": {
            "value": 40
          }
        },
        {
          "key": "fangzhu",
          "doc_count": 2,
          "avg_price": {
            "value": 27.5
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
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4.5 按照指定的价格范围区间进行分组，而后在每组内再按照tag进行分组，最后再计算每组的平均价格

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "group_by_price": {
      "range": {
        "field": "price",
        "ranges": [
          {
            "from": 0,
            "to": 20
          },
          {
            "from": 20,
            "to": 40
          },
          {
            "from": 40,
            "to": 60
          }
        ]
      },
      "aggs": {
        "group_by_tags": {
          "terms": {
            "field": "tags",
            "order": {
              "avg_price": "desc"
            }
          },
          "aggs": {
            "avg_price": {
              "avg": {
                "field": "price"
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
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返回结果：

{
  "took": 2,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 4,
    "max_score": 0,
    "hits": []
  },
  "aggregations": {
    "group_by_price": {
      "buckets": [
        {
          "key": "0.0-20.0",
          "from": 0,
          "to": 20,
          "doc_count": 0,
          "group_by_tags": {
            "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
            "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
            "buckets": []
          }
        },
        {
          "key": "20.0-40.0",
          "from": 20,
          "to": 40,
          "doc_count": 2,
          "group_by_tags": {
            "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
            "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
            "buckets": [
              {
                "key": "meibai",
                "doc_count": 1,
                "avg_price": {
                  "value": 30
                }
              },
              {
                "key": "fangzhu",
                "doc_count": 2,
                "avg_price": {
                  "value": 27.5
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "key": "40.0-60.0",
          "from": 40,
          "to": 60,
          "doc_count": 2,
          "group_by_tags": {
            "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
            "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
            "buckets": [
              {
                "key": "meibai",
                "doc_count": 1,
                "avg_price": {
                  "value": 50
                }
              },
              {
                "key": "qingxin",
                "doc_count": 1,
                "avg_price": {
                  "value": 40
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
复制代码
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