查看tomcat启动文件都干点啥---catalina.bat

时间 2019-11-13

标签查看 tomcat 启动文件 catalina.bat catalina bat 栏目 Tomcat 繁體版

原文原文链接

　　在上一次查看tomcat启动文件都干点啥一文中，咱们总结出，startup.bat文件的做用就是找到catalina.bat文件，而后把参数传递给它，在startup.bat中，调用catalina.bat的命令call "%EXECUTABLE%" start %CMD_LINE_ARGS%，其中"%EXECUTABLE%"这个就是catalina.bat文件，这个命令至少向catalina.bat传递一个参数--start.html

接下来看一下catalina.bat中的内容，内容很长：java

  1 @echo off
  2 rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  3 rem contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  4 rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  5 rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  6 rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  7 rem the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
  8 rem
  9 rem     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 10 rem
 11 rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 12 rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 13 rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 14 rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 15 rem limitations under the License.
 16 
 17 if "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocal
 18 rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 19 rem Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server
 20 rem
 21 rem Environment Variable Prerequisites
 22 rem
 23 rem   CATALINA_HOME   May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
 24 rem
 25 rem   CATALINA_BASE   (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
 26 rem                   of a Catalina installation.  If not present, resolves to
 27 rem                   the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
 28 rem
 29 rem   CATALINA_OPTS   (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
 30 rem                   or "run" command is executed.
 31 rem
 32 rem   CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory
 33 rem                   the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir).  Defaults to
 34 rem                   %CATALINA_BASE%\temp.
 35 rem
 36 rem   JAVA_HOME       Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
 37 rem                   Required to run the with the "debug" argument.
 38 rem
 39 rem   JRE_HOME        Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
 40 rem                   Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty.
 41 rem
 42 rem   JAVA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
 43 rem                   "stop", or "run" command is executed.
 44 rem
 45 rem   JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of semi-colon separated directories
 46 rem                   containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs 
 47 rem                   created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C). 
 48 rem                   It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.
 49 rem                   Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.
 50 rem
 51 rem   JPDA_TRANSPORT  (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"
 52 rem                   command is executed. The default is "dt_socket".
 53 rem
 54 rem   JPDA_ADDRESS    (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
 55 rem                   command is executed. The default is 8000.
 56 rem
 57 rem   JPDA_SUSPEND    (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
 58 rem                   command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend
 59 rem                   execution immediately after startup. Default is "n".
 60 rem
 61 rem   JPDA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
 62 rem                   command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,
 63 rem                   and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda
 64 rem                   options MUST be specified. The default is:
 65 rem
 66 rem                   -agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,
 67 rem                       address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
 68 rem
 69 rem   LOGGING_CONFIG  (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config file
 70 rem                   Example (all one line)
 71 rem                   set LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
 72 rem
 73 rem   LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager 
 74 rem                   Example (all one line)
 75 rem                   set LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
 76 rem
 77 rem   TITLE           (Optional) Specify the title of Tomcat window. The default
 78 rem                   TITLE is Tomcat if it's not specified.
 79 rem                   Example (all one line)
 80 rem                   set TITLE=Tomcat.Cluster#1.Server#1 [%DATE% %TIME%]
 81 rem
 82 rem
 83 rem
 84 rem $Id: catalina.bat 1040546 2010-11-30 14:47:34Z markt $
 85 rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 86 
 87 rem Suppress Terminate batch job on CTRL+C
 88 if not ""%1"" == ""run"" goto mainEntry
 89 if ""%TEMP%"" == """" goto mainEntry
 90 if exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry
 91 echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
 92 if not exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry
 93 echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
 94 call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
 95 rem Use provided errorlevel
 96 set RETVAL=%ERRORLEVEL%
 97 del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1
 98 exit /B %RETVAL%
 99 :mainEntry
100 del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" >NUL 2>&1
101 
102 rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined
103 set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"
104 if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome
105 set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"
106 if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
107 cd ..
108 set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
109 cd "%CURRENT_DIR%"
110 :gotHome
111 if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
112 echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
113 echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
114 goto end
115 :okHome
116 
117 rem Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
118 rem but allow them to be specified in setenv.bat, in rare case when it is needed.
119 set CLASSPATH=
120 
121 rem Get standard environment variables
122 if "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotSetenvHome
123 if exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat"
124 goto gotSetenvBase
125 :gotSetenvHome
126 if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat"
127 :gotSetenvBase
128 
129 rem Get standard Java environment variables
130 if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okSetclasspath
131 echo Cannot find "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"
132 echo This file is needed to run this program
133 goto end
134 :okSetclasspath
135 set "BASEDIR=%CATALINA_HOME%"
136 call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" %1
137 if errorlevel 1 goto end
138 
139 rem Add on extra jar file to CLASSPATH
140 rem Note that there are no quotes as we do not want to introduce random
141 rem quotes into the CLASSPATH
142 if "%CLASSPATH%" == "" goto emptyClasspath
143 set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;"
144 :emptyClasspath
145 set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar"
146 
147 if not "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotBase
148 set "CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME%"
149 :gotBase
150 
151 if not "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == "" goto gotTmpdir
152 set "CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%\temp"
153 :gotTmpdir
154 
155 rem Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath
156 rem tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance
157 if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" goto juliClasspathHome
158 set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
159 goto juliClasspathDone
160 :juliClasspathHome
161 set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
162 :juliClasspathDone
163 
164 if not "%LOGGING_CONFIG%" == "" goto noJuliConfig
165 set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Dnop
166 if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" goto noJuliConfig
167 set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Djava.util.logging.config.file="%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
168 :noJuliConfig
169 set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_CONFIG%
170 
171 if not "%LOGGING_MANAGER%" == "" goto noJuliManager
172 set LOGGING_MANAGER=-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
173 :noJuliManager
174 set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_MANAGER%
175 
176 rem ----- Execute The Requested Command ---------------------------------------
177 
178 echo Using CATALINA_BASE:   "%CATALINA_BASE%"
179 echo Using CATALINA_HOME:   "%CATALINA_HOME%"
180 echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
181 if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto use_jdk
182 echo Using JRE_HOME:        "%JRE_HOME%"
183 goto java_dir_displayed
184 :use_jdk
185 echo Using JAVA_HOME:       "%JAVA_HOME%"
186 :java_dir_displayed
187 echo Using CLASSPATH:       "%CLASSPATH%"
188 
189 set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA%
190 set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
191 set ACTION=start
192 set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=
193 set DEBUG_OPTS=
194 set JPDA=
195 
196 if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda
197 set JPDA=jpda
198 if not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport
199 set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_socket
200 :gotJpdaTransport
201 if not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress
202 set JPDA_ADDRESS=8000
203 :gotJpdaAddress
204 if not "%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == "" goto gotJpdaSuspend
205 set JPDA_SUSPEND=n
206 :gotJpdaSuspend
207 if not "%JPDA_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJpdaOpts
208 set JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
209 :gotJpdaOpts
210 shift
211 :noJpda
212 
213 if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug
214 if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun
215 if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart
216 if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop
217 if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion
218 
219 echo Usage:  catalina ( commands ... )
220 echo commands:
221 echo   debug             Start Catalina in a debugger
222 echo   debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager
223 echo   jpda start        Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
224 echo   run               Start Catalina in the current window
225 echo   run -security     Start in the current window with security manager
226 echo   start             Start Catalina in a separate window
227 echo   start -security   Start in a separate window with security manager
228 echo   stop              Stop Catalina
229 echo   version           What version of tomcat are you running?
230 goto end
231 
232 :doDebug
233 shift
234 set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB%
235 set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java"
236 if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
237 shift
238 echo Using Security Manager
239 set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
240 goto execCmd
241 
242 :doRun
243 shift
244 if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
245 shift
246 echo Using Security Manager
247 set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
248 goto execCmd
249 
250 :doStart
251 shift
252 if not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto noTitle
253 if "%TITLE%" == "" set TITLE=Tomcat
254 set _EXECJAVA=start "%TITLE%" %_RUNJAVA%
255 goto gotTitle
256 :noTitle
257 set _EXECJAVA=start %_RUNJAVA%
258 :gotTitle
259 if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
260 shift
261 echo Using Security Manager
262 set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
263 goto execCmd
264 
265 :doStop
266 shift
267 set ACTION=stop
268 set CATALINA_OPTS=
269 goto execCmd
270 
271 :doVersion
272 %_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
273 goto end
274 
275 
276 :execCmd
277 rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
278 set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
279 :setArgs
280 if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
281 set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
282 shift
283 goto setArgs
284 :doneSetArgs
285 
286 rem Execute Java with the applicable properties
287 if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda
288 if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity
289 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
290 goto end
291 :doSecurity
292 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
293 goto end
294 :doJpda
295 if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda
296 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
297 goto end
298 :doSecurityJpda
299 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
300 goto end
301 
302 :end

View Code

在第1行，和第17行中的内容已经在前一章中作出说明，在此处再也不敖述，我对于18-85行的这段注释比较感兴趣：web

1 rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 rem Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server
3 rem
4 rem Environment Variable Prerequisites
5 rem
6 rem CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
7 rem
8 rem CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
9 rem of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves to
10 rem the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
11 rem
12 rem CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
13 rem or "run" command is executed.
14 rem
15 rem CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory
16 rem the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir). Defaults to
17 rem %CATALINA_BASE%\temp.
18 rem
19 rem JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
20 rem Required to run the with the "debug" argument.
21 rem
22 rem JRE_HOME Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
23 rem Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty.
24 rem
25 rem JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
26 rem "stop", or "run" command is executed.
27 rem
28 rem JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of semi-colon separated directories
29 rem containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs
30 rem created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).
31 rem It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.
32 rem Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.
33 rem
34 rem JPDA_TRANSPORT (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"
35 rem command is executed. The default is "dt_socket".
36 rem
37 rem JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
38 rem command is executed. The default is 8000.
39 rem
40 rem JPDA_SUSPEND (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
41 rem command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend
42 rem execution immediately after startup. Default is "n".
43 rem
44 rem JPDA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
45 rem command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,
46 rem and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda
47 rem options MUST be specified. The default is:
48 rem
49 rem -agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,
50 rem address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
51 rem
52 rem LOGGING_CONFIG (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config file
53 rem Example (all one line)
54 rem set LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
55 rem
56 rem LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager
57 rem Example (all one line)
58 rem set LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
59 rem
60 rem TITLE (Optional) Specify the title of Tomcat window. The default
61 rem TITLE is Tomcat if it's not specified.
62 rem Example (all one line)
63 rem set TITLE=Tomcat.Cluster#1.Server#1 [%DATE% %TIME%]
64 rem
65 rem
66 rem
67 rem $Id: catalina.bat 1040546 2010-11-30 14:47:34Z markt $
68 rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

这段的内容就是说明一下在启动和中止CATALINA server时候须要的一下先决条件，CATALINA_HOME--看到这个你们可能会有点疑问，若是在操做系统上没有设置CATALINA_HOME变量的时候，那么这个变量应该是不存在的丫，是怎么回事呢？是否是？下面咱们仍是用测试来讲明问题：我在F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin目录下建立一个test.bat文件，文件内容以下：　　　　sql

@echo off
set CURRENT_DIR=%cd%
test2.bat

　　意思很简单，只是将%cd%变量的值赋给CURRENT_DIR变量，而后调用test2.bat文件，test2.bat文件的内容以下：express

echo %CURRENT_DIR%

　　只是简单的输出%CURRENT_DIR%变量，让咱们先运行test.bat文件，查看%CURRENT_DIR%变量是否可以正确输出：apache

结果正确显示了，可是若是咱们直接运行test2.bat文件会有什么结果呢？bootstrap

结果显示不正常，这个测试就说明由test.bat调用test2.bat文件时候，test.bat中定义的变量在test2.bat中可见，就是CURRENT_DIR变量的生命周期范围并非仅限于本文件，也能加深对于setlocal方法的理解。回到catalina.bat自己，也许咱们自己没有设置CATALINA_HOME环境变量的习惯，可是回想一下上一节，在startup.bat中说到，若是没有设置CATALINA_HOME变量，startup.bat内会给CATALINA_HOME变量赋值，而后在catalina.bat中依然可以访问此变量。tomcat

这段注释说完以后，看一下88行：　　　　安全

if not ""%1"" == ""run"" goto mainEntry

　　若是接收到的第一个参数是run那么到:mainEntry节点，事实是咱们从startup.bat调用的时候传递的第一个参数无疑是start，因此应该顺序执行到第89行，这里可能有人会有疑问，那何时第一个参数才是run呢？事情是这样的，由于并非全部人都是跟咱们同样直接使用startup.bat文件启动，由于startup.bat文件也只不过就是找到catalina.bat文件，而后照样传递参数，其实有经验的人大可直接使用catalina.bat文件来启动tomcat。这就是第一个参数为run的产生状况。接下来咱们顺序执行到第89行。cookie

看一下89行的内容：

if ""%TEMP%"" == """" goto mainEntry

　若是TEMP变量为空，那么到mainEntry节点，这个时候咱们就须要看看咱们到底有没有这个TEMP变量，一样弄个小测试，写一个小的测试test.bat文件，文件内容以下：　　

@echo off
echo %TEMP%

　　查看执行结果：

记得在上一节中说过%TEMP%这个变量是从环境变量中读取的，因此也能够去环境变量中查看是否是有此值，来肯定TEMP变量是否是存在，一问在startup.bat和catalina.bat并无设置TEMP变量。查看环境变量：

由于TEMP存在，因此程序还须要顺序执行到90行，第90行的内容以下：　

if exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry

　　这句话至少看起来有点蒙圈，尤为是\%~nx0.run这个东西，反正我第一次看见的时候我就想问问，这是毛啊，~nx0,下面看一下网上对于%~nx0的解释：

%~nx0 contains the name of the running batch file (without the path)

　　意思就是表明执行命令的文件的名字，咱们来用实验证实一下，一样仍是修改那个test.bat文件吧。;-)　　

@echo off
echo "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"

　　若是按照上面的解释，那么输出的信息应该是C:\Users\Think\AppData\Local\Temp\test.bat.run，下面看一下运行结果：

　　咦事实证实说法正确，可是这个文件是否是存在呢，咱们去TEMP目录下看一下,遗憾的是在C:\Users\Think\AppData\Local\Temp目录没有找到这个文件，因此还得顺序执行到第91行，91行的内容是：　　

echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"

　　这个看起来很简单，既然不存在这个文件，那么我就本身建立一个，同时写入Y。也许你不信，因此我仍是拿出个例子吧，仍是test.bat呦：

@echo off
echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"

　　在C:\Users\Think\AppData\Local\Temp目录下生成了test.bat.run文件，文件的内容果真为Y。至于生成的文件有何意义，之后再说。到如今位置我忽然感慨，我很喜欢TOMCAT，它作了什么我都能知道，在接下来的一段时间内，我想把我看TOMCAT源代码的感觉也下下来。也跟你们讨论一下TOMCAT的工做原理。有点远，扯回来，下面看一下92行的内容：

if not exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry

　　这个一眼就看明白了，再次判断%~nx0.run文件是否存在，若是仍是不存在，那么直接到mainEntry节点，因为咱们此时此文件已经建立成功，那么顺序执行到第93行。

　　93行的内容为：　　

echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"

　　这个同91行命令，再也不强调。顺序执行到92行。

　　92行的内容为：　　

　　call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"

　　看到以后感受依然是蒙圈，这里面有两个点须要你们掌握：%~f0, %* 知道这两组符号是什么意思，就解决了。

　　%~f0:表示运行的文件的全路径，假如我在test.bat中如此写：　　

@echo off 
@echo %%~f0 is %~f0

　　那么执行结果为：

OK。

　　%*：在batch file中，每个命令的参数都以%1，%2，%3 .....的形式展示，咱们也可使用%来代替全部的参数，下面看修改万能测试文件test.bat中的内容以下：　　

@echo off 
echo First argument: [%1]
echo Second argument: [%2]
echo Third argument: [%3]
echo Fourth argument: [%4]
echo Fifth  argument: [%4]
echo Entire command line: [%*]

　　查看运行结果：

　　意思就是将在catalina.bat文件中本身调用本身，传递参数Y，下面看一下测试，将test.bat中的内容改成：　　

@echo off 
call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"

　　查看运行结果，在程序运行了一段时间之后，得出以下结论：

　　很奇怪，奇怪亮点，为何运行的时候会有停顿，第二，为何会产生这个结果。下面解决这两个困惑，我以为程序在运行的时候确定是在后台运行什么操做了，因此我将test.bat中的内容改了一下：　　　　

call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"

　　而后再次运行，获得结果：

　　原来程序在输出最终结果以前一直到在调用本身，因此会有一个停顿的感受。

　　第二：为何会产生这个结果：

　　下面看第96行的内容：　　

　　set RETVAL=%ERRORLEVEL%

　　在前面的的内容中可能给你们一种误解，因此在看到这句话的时候，不知道是否是也有人跟我似的直接去环境变量中找ERRORLEVEL的值，找不到以后以为我在忽悠你们，下面我跟你们说说这个ERRORLEVEL。不知道你们是否是了解在Linux中的$?这个结果返回值，其实ERRORLEVEL和$?差很少，都是用来表示上次执行结果的，若是返回0说明执行正确，若是不是0说明执行失败。例如在test.bat中的内容：　　

call %ERRORLEVEL%

　　执行结果：

　　下面看97行的内容：　　

del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1

　　这里面有/Q， >NUL， 2>&1须要跟你们解释一下：

　　/Q: 跟在del后面表示不须要交互式的删除。安静模式的意思。如在test.bat中的内容以下：　　

del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1

　　而后运行结果为：

　　此时文件系统中的文件确实已经被删除，只是在删除的过程当中没有显示删除的过程，下面咱们从新建立此文件，而后把/Q标记去掉之后在尝试一次：

　　>NUL 就是将输出输出到NUL中，这样有错误的状况下你什么都拿不到。

　　2>&1:2是值错误输出，&1是标准输出，意思就是将错误输出重定向到标准输出中

　　 >NUL 2>&1的意思就是将错误输出重定向到标准输出，最后在重定向到NUL中，这样出现错误，你从表面上不会看出来。若是将test.bat中的删除操做执行屡次，　　

@echo off
del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1

　　看结果：

　　也不会显示异常，若是将>NUL 2>&1删除之后，再次执行：

@echo off
del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"

　　结果就会显示出异常：

　　下面看第98行的内容：　　

exit /B %RETVAL%

　　下面的mainEntry和gotHome节点的信息同前一节刚开始的内容同样，全部就再也不说明，若是对此有什么疑问，请查看查看tomcat启动文件都干点啥一节。在接下来的部分中我想把115-137行的内容放在一块儿说明，由于他们分为两部分，分别引入setenv.bat和setclasspath.bat并执行，

:okHome

rem Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
rem but allow them to be specified in setenv.bat, in rare case when it is needed.
set CLASSPATH=

rem Get standard environment variables
if "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotSetenvHome
if exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat"
goto gotSetenvBase
:gotSetenvHome
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat"
:gotSetenvBase

rem Get standard Java environment variables
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okSetclasspath
echo Cannot find "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"
echo This file is needed to run this program
goto end
:okSetclasspath
set "BASEDIR=%CATALINA_HOME%"
call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" %1
if errorlevel 1 goto end

　　这部分的操做就是设置环境变量，因为在tomcat7.0.8版本中不存在setenv.bat因此就不说了，setclasspath.bat这个脚本很重要，浏览一下其中的内容：　　

@echo off
rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
rem contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
rem the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
rem
rem     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
rem
rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
rem limitations under the License.

rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
rem Set JAVA_HOME or JRE_HOME if not already set, ensure any provided settings
rem are valid and consistent with the selected start-up options and set up the
rem endorsed directory. 
rem
rem $Id: setclasspath.bat 964208 2010-07-14 21:24:45Z markt $
rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

rem Make sure prerequisite environment variables are set
if not "%JAVA_HOME%" == "" goto gotJdkHome
if not "%JRE_HOME%" == "" goto gotJreHome
echo Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined
echo At least one of these environment variable is needed to run this program
goto exit

:gotJreHome
if not exist "%JRE_HOME%\bin\java.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not exist "%JRE_HOME%\bin\javaw.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto okJavaHome
echo JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK in order to run in debug mode.
goto exit

:gotJdkHome
if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\java.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\javaw.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\jdb.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\javac.exe" goto noJavaHome
if not "%JRE_HOME%" == "" goto okJavaHome
set "JRE_HOME=%JAVA_HOME%"
goto okJavaHome

:noJavaHome
echo The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
echo NB: JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK not a JRE
goto exit
:okJavaHome

if not "%BASEDIR%" == "" goto gotBasedir
echo The BASEDIR environment variable is not defined
echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
goto exit
:gotBasedir
if exist "%BASEDIR%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okBasedir
echo The BASEDIR environment variable is not defined correctly
echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
goto exit
:okBasedir

rem Don't override the endorsed dir if the user has set it previously
if not "%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" == "" goto gotEndorseddir
rem Set the default -Djava.endorsed.dirs argument
set "JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=%BASEDIR%\endorsed"
:gotEndorseddir

rem Set standard command for invoking Java.
rem Note that NT requires a window name argument when using start.
rem Also note the quoting as JAVA_HOME may contain spaces.
set _RUNJAVA="%JRE_HOME%\bin\java"
set _RUNJDB="%JAVA_HOME%\bin\jdb"

goto end

:exit
exit /b 1

:end
exit /b 0

View Code

　　其中就是关于JAVA环境的一些校验和变量的设置，重要性不言而喻，因此若是执行本步操做失败的状况下，程序将退出执行。

　　接下来是设置CLASSPATH的内容，看过前面的说明之后，对于下面的内容应该很容易就能看懂：　　

rem Add on extra jar file to CLASSPATH
rem Note that there are no quotes as we do not want to introduce random
rem quotes into the CLASSPATH
if "%CLASSPATH%" == "" goto emptyClasspath
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;"
:emptyClasspath
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar"

if not "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotBase
set "CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME%"
:gotBase

if not "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == "" goto gotTmpdir
set "CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%\temp"
:gotTmpdir

rem Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath
rem tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance
if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" goto juliClasspathHome
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
goto juliClasspathDone
:juliClasspathHome
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
:juliClasspathDone

　　将tomcat-juli.jar和bootstrap.jar的全路径追加到CLASSPATH中，究竟这两个jar包是作什么的，不是本文的范畴，只说明这两个jar包须要在CLASSPATH中体现。

　　接下来是关于Log选项的问题：　　

if not "%LOGGING_CONFIG%" == "" goto noJuliConfig
set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Dnop
if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" goto noJuliConfig
set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Djava.util.logging.config.file="%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
:noJuliConfig
set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_CONFIG%

if not "%LOGGING_MANAGER%" == "" goto noJuliManager
set LOGGING_MANAGER=-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
:noJuliManager
set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_MANAGER%

View Code

　　内容很简单，一看就明白，因此也很少说了。

　　在前面准备了这么久，接下来终于到执行的时候了。下面看一下这段脚本：　　

rem ----- Execute The Requested Command ---------------------------------------

echo Using CATALINA_BASE:   "%CATALINA_BASE%"
echo Using CATALINA_HOME:   "%CATALINA_HOME%"
echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto use_jdk
echo Using JRE_HOME:        "%JRE_HOME%"
goto java_dir_displayed
:use_jdk
echo Using JAVA_HOME:       "%JAVA_HOME%"
:java_dir_displayed
echo Using CLASSPATH:       "%CLASSPATH%"

set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA%
set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
set ACTION=start
set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=
set DEBUG_OPTS=
set JPDA=

if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda
set JPDA=jpda
if not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport
set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_socket
:gotJpdaTransport
if not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress
set JPDA_ADDRESS=8000
:gotJpdaAddress
if not "%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == "" goto gotJpdaSuspend
set JPDA_SUSPEND=n
:gotJpdaSuspend
if not "%JPDA_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJpdaOpts
set JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
:gotJpdaOpts
shift
:noJpda

if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug
if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun
if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart
if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop
if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion

echo Usage:  catalina ( commands ... )
echo commands:
echo   debug             Start Catalina in a debugger
echo   debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager
echo   jpda start        Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
echo   run               Start Catalina in the current window
echo   run -security     Start in the current window with security manager
echo   start             Start Catalina in a separate window
echo   start -security   Start in a separate window with security manager
echo   stop              Stop Catalina
echo   version           What version of tomcat are you running?
goto end

:doDebug
shift
set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB%
set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java"
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd

:doRun
shift
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd

:doStart
shift
if not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto noTitle
if "%TITLE%" == "" set TITLE=Tomcat
set _EXECJAVA=start "%TITLE%" %_RUNJAVA%
goto gotTitle
:noTitle
set _EXECJAVA=start %_RUNJAVA%
:gotTitle
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd

:doStop
shift
set ACTION=stop
set CATALINA_OPTS=
goto execCmd

:doVersion
%_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
goto end


:execCmd
rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
:setArgs
if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
shift
goto setArgs
:doneSetArgs

rem Execute Java with the applicable properties
if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end

:end

View Code

　　前三行的内容是将当前设置的变量进行输出，

echo Using CATALINA_BASE:   "%CATALINA_BASE%"
echo Using CATALINA_HOME:   "%CATALINA_HOME%"
echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"

　　CATALINA_BASE，CATALINA_HOME，CATALINA_TMPDIR这三个变量在startup.bat或者catalina.bat中已经提早设置了，射出只是为了提示用户当前的运行环境，接下来看181-187行的内容：　　

if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto use_jdk
echo Using JRE_HOME:        "%JRE_HOME%"
goto java_dir_displayed
:use_jdk
echo Using JAVA_HOME:       "%JAVA_HOME%"
:java_dir_displayed
echo Using CLASSPATH:       "%CLASSPATH%"

　　在解释这段内容以前，我建议你们要对setclasspath.bat中的内容有所了解，由于setclasspath.bat中包含对与JRE_HOME,JAVA_HOME变量的逻辑处理和定义。这段内容的意思就是说若是catalina.bat接收到的第一个参数是debug,那么就到use_jdk节点，因为通常状况下咱们是用startup.bat脚本调用catalina.bat脚本，因此第一个参数应该是start,因此应该顺序执行到182行echo Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%"，而后执行到java_dir_displayed节点，至于为何debug的时候不使用JRE_HOME这个变量，咱们先记下，在之后的章节中在讨论。

　　在189-194行中是设置一些变量，内容以下：

set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA%
set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
set ACTION=start
set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=
set DEBUG_OPTS=
set JPDA=

　　这里面要说两点，%_RUNJAVA%变量和org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap，其中%_RUNJAVA%是在setclasspath.bat文件中定义的，其值为"%JRE_HOME%\bin\java"，

MAINCLASS写过JAVA程序的人应该都知道是作什么用的，关键是org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap这个值是怎么来的，在哪里定义的，记得在catalina.bat中有过这么一个设置：CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar，其中org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap就是该jar包中的一个类。具体内容以及意义再也不此展开。
　　第196行-211行是对jpda（）的处理，由于我们没有涉及，关于jdpa的内容不在此展开，由于咱们不涉及因此跳过此步骤：

if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda
set JPDA=jpda
if not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport
set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_socket
:gotJpdaTransport
if not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress
set JPDA_ADDRESS=8000
:gotJpdaAddress
if not "%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == "" goto gotJpdaSuspend
set JPDA_SUSPEND=n
:gotJpdaSuspend
if not "%JPDA_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJpdaOpts
set JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
:gotJpdaOpts
shift
:noJpda

　　再次记下一个知识点JDPA。

　　下面到noJpda节点，内容以下：　　

if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug
if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun
if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart
if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop
if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion

echo Usage:  catalina ( commands ... )
echo commands:
echo   debug             Start Catalina in a debugger
echo   debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager
echo   jpda start        Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
echo   run               Start Catalina in the current window
echo   run -security     Start in the current window with security manager
echo   start             Start Catalina in a separate window
echo   start -security   Start in a separate window with security manager
echo   stop              Stop Catalina
echo   version           What version of tomcat are you running?
goto end

　　其中

if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug
if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun
if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart
if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop
if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion

　　是根据用户输入的具体命令，跳转到具体的处理节点，例如输入的命令，那么就到doStart节点，219行-230行的内容是，若是你输入的第一个参数再也不预设的命令当中，给你的提示：　

echo Usage:  catalina ( commands ... )
echo commands:
echo   debug             Start Catalina in a debugger
echo   debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager
echo   jpda start        Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
echo   run               Start Catalina in the current window
echo   run -security     Start in the current window with security manager
echo   start             Start Catalina in a separate window
echo   start -security   Start in a separate window with security manager
echo   stop              Stop Catalina
echo   version           What version of tomcat are you running?
goto end

　　下面先看232行-240行的doDebug节点的内容：　　

:doDebug
shift
set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB%
set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java"
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd

　　一样%_RUNJDB%变量去setclasspath.bat文件中找定义，235行的内容配置DEBUG_OPTS，接下来是安全策略的问题，若是指定参数"-security"，那么就须要加载安全策略文件，安全策略文件为%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy，内容以下：　　

// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
// contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
// this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
// The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
// (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
// the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

// ============================================================================
// catalina.policy - Security Policy Permissions for Tomcat 7
//
// This file contains a default set of security policies to be enforced (by the
// JVM) when Catalina is executed with the "-security" option.  In addition
// to the permissions granted here, the following additional permissions are
// granted specific to each web application:
//
// * Read access to its document root directory
// * Read, write and delete access to its working directory
//
// $Id: catalina.policy 981453 2010-08-02 11:00:51Z markt $
// ============================================================================


// ========== SYSTEM CODE PERMISSIONS =========================================


// These permissions apply to javac
grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/lib/-" {
        permission java.security.AllPermission;
};

// These permissions apply to all shared system extensions
grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/jre/lib/ext/-" {
        permission java.security.AllPermission;
};

// These permissions apply to javac when ${java.home] points at $JAVA_HOME/jre
grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/../lib/-" {
        permission java.security.AllPermission;
};

// These permissions apply to all shared system extensions when
// ${java.home} points at $JAVA_HOME/jre
grant codeBase "file:${java.home}/lib/ext/-" {
        permission java.security.AllPermission;
};


// ========== CATALINA CODE PERMISSIONS =======================================


// These permissions apply to the daemon code
grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/commons-daemon.jar" {
        permission java.security.AllPermission;
};

// These permissions apply to the logging API
// Note: If tomcat-juli.jar is in ${catalina.base} and not in ${catalina.home},
// update this section accordingly.
//  grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" {..}
grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/tomcat-juli.jar" {
        permission java.io.FilePermission
         "${java.home}${file.separator}lib${file.separator}logging.properties", "read"; 

        permission java.io.FilePermission
         "${catalina.base}${file.separator}conf${file.separator}logging.properties", "read";
        permission java.io.FilePermission
         "${catalina.base}${file.separator}logs", "read, write";
        permission java.io.FilePermission
         "${catalina.base}${file.separator}logs${file.separator}*", "read, write";

        permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "shutdownHooks";
        permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "getClassLoader";
        permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "setContextClassLoader";

        permission java.util.logging.LoggingPermission "control";

        permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.util.logging.config.class", "read";
        permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.util.logging.config.file", "read";
        permission java.util.PropertyPermission "catalina.base", "read";

        // Note: To enable per context logging configuration, permit read access to
        // the appropriate file. Be sure that the logging configuration is
        // secure before enabling such access.
        // E.g. for the examples web application:
        // permission java.io.FilePermission "${catalina.base}${file.separator}
        //  webapps${file.separator}examples${file.separator}WEB-INF
        //  ${file.separator}classes${file.separator}logging.properties", "read";
};

// These permissions apply to the server startup code
grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/bin/bootstrap.jar" {
        permission java.security.AllPermission;
};

// These permissions apply to the servlet API classes
// and those that are shared across all class loaders
// located in the "lib" directory
grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/lib/-" {
        permission java.security.AllPermission;
};


// If using a per instance lib directory, i.e. ${catalina.base}/lib,
// then the following permission will need to be uncommented
// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/lib/-" {
//         permission java.security.AllPermission;
// };


// ========== WEB APPLICATION PERMISSIONS =====================================


// These permissions are granted by default to all web applications
// In addition, a web application will be given a read FilePermission
// and JndiPermission for all files and directories in its document root.
grant {
    // Required for JNDI lookup of named JDBC DataSource's and
    // javamail named MimePart DataSource used to send mail
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.home", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.naming.*", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "javax.sql.*", "read";

    // OS Specific properties to allow read access
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.name", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.version", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "os.arch", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "file.separator", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "path.separator", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "line.separator", "read";

    // JVM properties to allow read access
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.version", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vendor", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vendor.url", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.class.version", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.version", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.vendor", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.specification.name", "read";

    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.version", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.vendor", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.specification.name", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.version", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.vendor", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "java.vm.name", "read";

    // Required for OpenJMX
    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "getAttribute";

    // Allow read of JAXP compliant XML parser debug
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "jaxp.debug", "read";

    // All JSPs need to be able to read this package
    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.tomcat";

    // Precompiled JSPs need access to these packages.
    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.el";
    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.runtime";
    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission
     "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.jasper.runtime.*";

    // Precompiled JSPs need access to these system properties.
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission
     "org.apache.jasper.runtime.BodyContentImpl.LIMIT_BUFFER", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission
     "org.apache.el.parser.COERCE_TO_ZERO", "read";

    // The cookie code needs these.
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission
     "org.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission
     "org.apache.tomcat.util.http.ServerCookie.STRICT_NAMING", "read";
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission
     "org.apache.tomcat.util.http.ServerCookie.FWD_SLASH_IS_SEPARATOR", "read";

    // Applications using Comet need to be able to access this package
    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.comet";
};


// The Manager application needs access to the following packages to support the
// session display functionality
grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/manager/-" {
    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina";
    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager";
    permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.org.apache.catalina.manager.util";
};

// You can assign additional permissions to particular web applications by
// adding additional "grant" entries here, based on the code base for that
// application, /WEB-INF/classes/, or /WEB-INF/lib/ jar files.
//
// Different permissions can be granted to JSP pages, classes loaded from
// the /WEB-INF/classes/ directory, all jar files in the /WEB-INF/lib/
// directory, or even to individual jar files in the /WEB-INF/lib/ directory.
//
// For instance, assume that the standard "examples" application
// included a JDBC driver that needed to establish a network connection to the
// corresponding database and used the scrape taglib to get the weather from
// the NOAA web server.  You might create a "grant" entries like this:
//
// The permissions granted to the context root directory apply to JSP pages.
// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/-" {
//      permission java.net.SocketPermission "dbhost.mycompany.com:5432", "connect";
//      permission java.net.SocketPermission "*.noaa.gov:80", "connect";
// };
//
// The permissions granted to the context WEB-INF/classes directory
// grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/-" {
// };
//
// The permission granted to your JDBC driver
// grant codeBase "jar:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/driver.jar!/-" {
//      permission java.net.SocketPermission "dbhost.mycompany.com:5432", "connect";
// };
// The permission granted to the scrape taglib
// grant codeBase "jar:file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/scrape.jar!/-" {
//      permission java.net.SocketPermission "*.noaa.gov:80", "connect";
// };

View Code

　　里面涉及到一些权限的设置，有兴趣你们能够仔细研究。最终执行execCmd节点的脚本。

　　242行-248行doRun节点内容以下：　　

:doRun
shift
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd

　　内容同doDebug内容类似，只是判断是否是须要加载安全配置文件。

　　250行-263行的doStart节点：　　

:doStart
shift
if not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto noTitle
if "%TITLE%" == "" set TITLE=Tomcat
set _EXECJAVA=start "%TITLE%" %_RUNJAVA%
goto gotTitle
:noTitle
set _EXECJAVA=start %_RUNJAVA%
:gotTitle
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd

　　主要内容就是，若是%OS%环境变量不是Windows_NT,那么不设置标题，直接判断是否须要加载安全配置文件，若是%OS%环境变量的值为Windows_NT,那么设置Title变量，若是没有指定Title变量，默认值为Tomcat,设置完_EXECJAVA变量之后，执行execCmd节点的脚本。

　　265行-269行的doStop节点，内容比较简单，主要就是设置一下ACTION变量，内容以下：　　

:doStop
shift
set ACTION=stop
set CATALINA_OPTS=
goto execCmd

　　271行-273行的doVersion节点，就是调用了一下"%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar"中的org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo方法，内容以下：　　

:doVersion
%_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
goto end

　　下面真正的重点来了，execCmd节点，其中有和startup.bat中处理参与同样功能的节点setArgs,从279行-283行，循环读出参数中的内容追加到CMD_LINE_ARGS变量中，内容以下：　　

set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
:setArgs
if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
shift
goto setArgs

　　286行-300行的内容就是真正的执行方法了，先看内容：　　

rem Execute Java with the applicable properties
if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end

　　是否是有点长，是否是有点看不懂，是否是以为很麻烦，不要着急，我想一个办法，更直观的观察这里面到底是什么东西：下面我在这些脚本上添点东西，弄成这个样子：　

rem Execute Java with the applicable properties
if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
echo 1 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
echo 2 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
echo 3 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
echo 4 %_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end

:end
pause

　　其实很简单，就是把内容输出，而后为了能看清，我在后面加了个pause,嘿嘿，下面我从startup.bat启动catalina.bat之后看输出结果：

Using CATALINA_BASE:   "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8"
Using CATALINA_HOME:   "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8"
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\temp"
Using JRE_HOME:        "E:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_40"
Using CLASSPATH:       "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\bootstrap.jar;F:\apache-tomca
t-7.0.8\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
1 start "Tomcat" "E:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_40\bin\java"  -Djava.util.loggi
ng.config.file="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\conf\logging.properties" -Djava.util.logg
ing.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager   -Djava.endorsed.dirs="F:\apa
che-tomcat-7.0.8\endorsed" -classpath "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\bootstrap.jar;
F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" -Dcatalina.base="F:\apache-tomcat-7.
0.8" -Dcatalina.home="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8" -Djava.io.tmpdir="F:\apache-tomcat
-7.0.8\temp" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap  start
请按任意键继续. . .

　　分析一下结果得出以下结论：　　

_EXECJAVA=start "Tomcat" "E:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_40\bin\java" 
JAVA_OPTS= -Djava.util.logging.config.file="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\conf\logging.properties" 
-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager 
CATALINA_OPTS= 
DEBUG_OPTS= 
-Djava.endorsed.dirs="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\endorsed" 
-classpath "F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\bootstrap.jar;F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" 
-Dcatalina.base="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8" 
-Dcatalina.home="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8" 
-Djava.io.tmpdir="F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\temp" 
MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap 
CMD_LINE_ARGS= ACTION=start

　　至于其余状况，你们本身研究吧，但愿能起到抛砖引玉的做用。在文中有三处疑问（标红加粗字体），因为和本文关心不太大，在之后说明，若是谁愿意交流也能够写在评论中，昨天晚上写了这些，脑壳都混乱了，好像若是有不正确的地方，欢迎你们指认。