FeignClient接口如使用@PathVariable
,必须指定value属性git
//在一些早期版本中, @PathVariable("id") 中的 "id" ,也就是value属性,必须指定,不能省略。 @FeignClient("microservice-provider-user") public interface UserFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/simple/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public User findById(@PathVariable("id") Long id); ... }
Java代码自定义Feign Client的注意点与坑github
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user", configuration = UserFeignConfig.class) public interface UserFeignClient { @GetMapping("/users/{id}") User findById(@PathVariable("id") Long id); } /** * 该Feign Client的配置类,注意: * 1. 该类能够独立出去; * 2. 该类上也可添加@Configuration声明是一个配置类; * 配置类上也可添加@Configuration注解,声明这是一个配置类; * 但此时千万别将该放置在主应用程序上下文@ComponentScan所扫描的包中, * 不然,该配置将会被全部Feign Client共享,没法实现细粒度配置! * 我的建议:像我同样,不加@Configuration注解 * * @author zhouli */ class UserFeignConfig { @Bean public Logger.Level logger() { return Logger.Level.FULL; } }
@FeignClient 注解属性web
//@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user") //在早期的Spring Cloud版本中,无需提供name属性,从Brixton版开始,@FeignClient必须提供name属性,不然应用将没法正常启动! //另外,name、url等属性支持占位符。例如: @FeignClient(name = "${feign.name}", url = "${feign.url}")
类级别的@RequestMapping会被Spring MVC加载spring
@RequestMapping("/users") @FeignClient(name = "microservice-user") public class TestFeignClient { // ... }
类上的@RequestMapping
注解也会被Spring MVC加载。该问题现已经被解决,早期的版本有两种解决方案:方案1:不在类上加@RequestMapping 注解;方案2:添加以下代码:json
@Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Feign.class }) public class FeignMappingDefaultConfiguration { @Bean public WebMvcRegistrations feignWebRegistrations() { return new WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter() { @Override public RequestMappingHandlerMapping getRequestMappingHandlerMapping() { return new FeignFilterRequestMappingHandlerMapping(); } }; } private static class FeignFilterRequestMappingHandlerMapping extends RequestMappingHandlerMapping { @Override protected boolean isHandler(Class<?> beanType) { return super.isHandler(beanType) && !beanType.isInterface(); } } }
首次请求失败Ribbon的饥饿加载(eager-load)模式性能优化
如需产生Hystrix Stream监控信息,须要作一些额外操做Feign自己已经整合了Hystrix,可直接使用@FeignClient(value = "microservice-provider-user", fallback = XXX.class)
来指定fallback类,fallback类继承@FeignClient
所标注的接口便可。app
可是假设如需使用Hystrix Stream进行监控,默认状况下,访问http://IP:PORT/actuator/hystrix.stream 是会返回404,这是由于Feign虽然整合了Hystrix,但并无整合Hystrix的监控。如何添加监控支持呢?须要如下几步:ide
第一步:添加依赖,示例:svg
<!-- 整合hystrix,其实feign中自带了hystrix,引入该依赖主要是为了使用其中的hystrix-metrics-event-stream,用于dashboard --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency>
第二步:在启动类上添加@EnableCircuitBreaker 注解,示例:wordpress
@SpringBootApplication @EnableFeignClients @EnableDiscoveryClient @EnableCircuitBreaker public class MovieFeignHystrixApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MovieFeignHystrixApplication.class, args); } }
第三步:在application.yml中添加以下内容,暴露hystrix.stream端点:
management: endpoints: web: exposure: include: 'hystrix.stream'
这样,访问任意Feign Client接口的API后,再访问http://IP:PORT/actuator/hystrix.stream ,就会展现一大堆Hystrix监控数据了。
原文连接:http://www.itmuch.com/spring-cloud-sum/feign-problems/
加依赖
<dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form</artifactId> <version>3.0.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form-spring</artifactId> <version>3.0.3</version> </dependency>
编写Feign Client
@FeignClient(name = "ms-content-sample", configuration = UploadFeignClient.MultipartSupportConfig.class) public interface UploadFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/upload", method = RequestMethod.POST, produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE}, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE) @ResponseBody String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file); class MultipartSupportConfig { @Bean public Encoder feignFormEncoder() { return new SpringFormEncoder(); } } }
如代码所示,在这个Feign Client中,咱们引用了配置类MultipartSupportConfig
,在MultipartSupportConfig
中,咱们实例化了SpringFormEncoder
。这样这个Feign Client就可以上传啦。
//RequestMapping注解中的produeces 、consumes 不能少; @RequestMapping(value = "/upload", method = RequestMethod.POST, produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE}, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
@RequestPart(value = "file")
不能写成@RequestParam(value = "file")
。 原文连接:http://www.itmuch.com/spring-cloud-sum/spring-cloud-feign-upload/
添加依赖:
<dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form-spring</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </dependency>
Feign Client示例:
@FeignClient(name = "xxx", url = "http://www.itmuch.com/", configuration = TestFeignClient.FormSupportConfig.class) public interface TestFeignClient { @PostMapping(value = "/test", consumes = {MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE}, produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE} ) void post(Map<String, ?> queryParam); class FormSupportConfig { @Autowired private ObjectFactory<HttpMessageConverters> messageConverters; // new一个form编码器,实现支持form表单提交 @Bean public Encoder feignFormEncoder() { return new SpringFormEncoder(new SpringEncoder(messageConverters)); } // 开启Feign的日志 @Bean public Logger.Level logger() { return Logger.Level.FULL; } } }
调用示例:
@GetMapping("/user/{id}") public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) { HashMap<String, String> param = Maps.newHashMap(); param.put("username","zhangsan"); param.put("password","pwd"); this.testFeignClient.post(param); return new User(); }
日志:
...[TestFeignClient#post] ---> POST http://www.baidu.com/test HTTP/1.1 ...[TestFeignClient#post] Accept: application/json;charset=UTF-8 ...[TestFeignClient#post] Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8 ...[TestFeignClient#post] Content-Length: 30 ...[TestFeignClient#post] ...[TestFeignClient#post] password=pwd&username=zhangsan ...[TestFeignClient#post] ---> END HTTP (30-byte body)
由日志可知,此时Feign已能使用Form表单方式提交数据。
原文连接:http://www.itmuch.com/spring-cloud-sum/feign-form-params/
假设需请求的URL包含多个参数,例如http://microservice-provider-user/get?id=1&username=张三 ,该如何使用Feign构造呢?咱们知道,Spring Cloud为Feign添加了Spring MVC的注解支持,那么咱们不妨按照Spring MVC的写法尝试一下:
@FeignClient("microservice-provider-user") public interface UserFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET) public User get0(User user); }
然而,这种写法并不正确,控制台会输出相似以下的异常。
feign.FeignException: status 405 reading UserFeignClient#get0(User); content: {"timestamp":1482676142940,"status":405,"error":"Method Not Allowed","exception":"org.springframework.web.HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException","message":"Request method 'POST' not supported","path":"/get"}
由异常可知,尽管咱们指定了GET方法,Feign依然会使用POST方法发送请求。因而致使了异常。正确写法以下
方法一[推荐]注意:使用该方法没法使用Fegin的继承模式
@FeignClient("microservice-provider-user") public interface UserFeignClient { @GetMapping("/get") public User get0(@SpringQueryMap User user); }
方法二[推荐]
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user") public interface UserFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET) public User get1(@RequestParam("id") Long id, @RequestParam("username") String username); }
这是最为直观的方式,URL有几个参数,Feign接口中的方法就有几个参数。使用@RequestParam注解指定请求的参数是什么。
方法三[不推荐]多参数的URL也可以使用Map来构建。当目标URL参数很是多的时候,可以使用这种方式简化Feign接口的编写。
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user") public interface UserFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET) public User get2(@RequestParam Map<String, Object> map); }
在调用时,可以使用相似如下的代码。
public User get(String username, String password) { HashMap<String, Object> map = Maps.newHashMap(); map.put("id", "1"); map.put("username", "张三"); return this.userFeignClient.get2(map); }
注意:这种方式不建议使用。主要是由于可读性很差,并且若是参数为空的时候会有一些问题,例如map.put("username", null);
会致使服务调用方(消费者服务)接收到的username是"" ,而不是null。
原文连接:http://www.itmuch.com/spring-cloud-sum/feign-multiple-params-2/
加依赖引入okhttp3
<dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId> <artifactId>feign-okhttp</artifactId> <version>${version}</version> </dependency>
写配置
feign: # feign启用hystrix,才能熔断、降级 # hystrix: # enabled: true # 启用 okhttp 关闭默认 httpclient httpclient: enabled: false #关闭httpclient # 配置链接池 max-connections: 200 #feign的最大链接数 max-connections-per-route: 50 #fegin单个路径的最大链接数 okhttp: enabled: true # 请求与响应的压缩以提升通讯效率 compression: request: enabled: true min-request-size: 2048 mime-types: text/xml,application/xml,application/json response: enabled: true
参数配置
/** * 配置 okhttp 与链接池 * ConnectionPool 默认建立5个线程,保持5分钟长链接 */ @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass(Feign.class) @AutoConfigureBefore(FeignAutoConfiguration.class) //SpringBoot自动配置 public class OkHttpConfig { // 默认老外留给你彩蛋中文乱码,加上它就 OK @Bean public Encoder encoder() { return new FormEncoder(); } @Bean public okhttp3.OkHttpClient okHttpClient() { return new okhttp3.OkHttpClient.Builder() //设置链接超时 .connectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //设置读超时 .readTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //设置写超时 .writeTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //是否自动重连 .retryOnConnectionFailure(true) .connectionPool(new ConnectionPool(10, 5L, TimeUnit.MINUTES)) .build(); } }
原文连接:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/PAjXS9d6Sxa04pw1Lw2HXQ