create-react-app初探

本文做者：IMWeb IMWeb团队 原文出处：IMWeb社区 未经赞成，禁止转载

create-react-app是一个react的cli脚手架+构建器，咱们能够基于CRA零配置直接上手开发一个react的SPA应用。 经过3种方式快速建立一个React SPA应用:

1. npm init with initializer (npm 6.1+)
2. npx with generator (npm 5.2+)
3. yarn create with initializer (yarn 0.25+)

例如咱们新建一个叫my-app的SPA:

my-app
├── README.md
├── node_modules
├── package.json
├── .gitignore
├── public
│   ├── favicon.ico
│   ├── index.html
│   └── manifest.json
└── src
    ├── App.css
    ├── App.js
    ├── App.test.js
    ├── index.css
    ├── index.js
    ├── logo.svg
    └── serviceWorker.js
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经过添加参数生成ts支持:

npx create-react-app my-app --typescript
# or
yarn create react-app my-app --typescript
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固然，若是咱们是把一个CRA已经生成的js项目改为支持ts，能够:

npm install --save typescript @types/node @types/react @types/react-dom @types/jest
# or
yarn add typescript @types/node @types/react @types/react-dom @types/jest
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而后，将.js文件后缀改为.ts重启development server便可。

CRA还能干吗

CRA除了能帮咱们构建出一个React的SPA项目(generator)，充当脚手架的做用。还能为咱们在项目开发，编译时进行构建，充当builder的做用。能够看到生成的项目中的package.json包含不少命令：

1. react-scripts start启动开发模式下的一个dev-server，并支持代码修改时的Hot Reload
2. react-scripts build使用webpack进行编译打包，生成生产模式下的全部脚本，静态资源
3. react-scripts test执行全部测试用例，完成对咱们每一个模块质量的保证

这里，咱们针对start这条线进行追踪，探查CRA实现的原理。入口为create-react-app/packages/react-scripts/bin/react-scripts.js，这个脚本会在react-scripts中设置到package.json的bin字段中去，也就是说这个package能够做为可执行的nodejs脚本，经过cli方式在nodejs宿主环境中。这个入口脚本很是简单，这里只列出主要的一个switch分支：

switch (script) {
  case 'build':
  case 'eject':
  case 'start':
  case 'test': {
    const result = spawn.sync(
      'node',
      nodeArgs
        .concat(require.resolve('../scripts/' + script))
        .concat(args.slice(scriptIndex + 1)),
      { stdio: 'inherit' }
    );
    if (result.signal) {
      if (result.signal === 'SIGKILL') {
        console.log(
          'The build failed because the process exited too early. ' +
            'This probably means the system ran out of memory or someone called ' +
            '`kill -9` on the process.'
        );
      } else if (result.signal === 'SIGTERM') {
        console.log(
          'The build failed because the process exited too early. ' +
            'Someone might have called `kill` or `killall`, or the system could ' +
            'be shutting down.'
        );
      }
      process.exit(1);
    }
    process.exit(result.status);
    break;
  }
  default:
    console.log('Unknown script "' + script + '".');
    console.log('Perhaps you need to update react-scripts?');
    console.log(
      'See: https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/updating-to-new-releases'
    );
    break;
}
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能够看到，当根据不一样command，会分别resolve不一样的js脚本，执行不一样的任务，这里咱们继续看require('../scripts/start')：

// Do this as the first thing so that any code reading it knows the right env.
process.env.BABEL_ENV = 'development';
process.env.NODE_ENV = 'development';
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由于是开发模式，因此这里把babel，node的环境变量都设置为development，而后是全局错误的捕获，这些都是一个cli脚本一般的处理方式：

// Makes the script crash on unhandled rejections instead of silently
// ignoring them. In the future, promise rejections that are not handled will
// terminate the Node.js process with a non-zero exit code.
process.on('unhandledRejection', err => {
  throw err;
});
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确保其余的环境变量配置也读进进程了，因此这里会经过../config/env脚本进行初始化:

// Ensure environment variables are read.
require('../config/env');
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还有一些预检查，这部分是做为eject以前对项目目录的检查，这里由于eject不在咱们范围，直接跳过。而后进入到了咱们主脚本的依赖列表：

const fs = require('fs');
const chalk = require('react-dev-utils/chalk');
const webpack = require('webpack');
const WebpackDevServer = require('webpack-dev-server');
const clearConsole = require('react-dev-utils/clearConsole');
const checkRequiredFiles = require('react-dev-utils/checkRequiredFiles');
const {
  choosePort,
  createCompiler,
  prepareProxy,
  prepareUrls,
} = require('react-dev-utils/WebpackDevServerUtils');
const openBrowser = require('react-dev-utils/openBrowser');
const paths = require('../config/paths');
const configFactory = require('../config/webpack.config');
const createDevServerConfig = require('../config/webpackDevServer.config');

const useYarn = fs.existsSync(paths.yarnLockFile);
const isInteractive = process.stdout.isTTY;
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能够看到，主要的依赖仍是webpack，WDS，以及自定义的一些devServer的configuration以及webpack的configuration，能够大胆猜测原理和咱们平时使用webpack并无什么不一样。

由于create-react-app my-app以后经过模版生成的项目中入口脚本被放置在src/index.js，而入口html被放置在public/index.html，因此须要对这两个文件进行检查：

// Warn and crash if required files are missing
if (!checkRequiredFiles([paths.appHtml, paths.appIndexJs])) {
  process.exit(1);
}
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下面这部分是涉及C9云部署时的环境变量检查，不在咱们考究范围，也直接跳过。react-dev-utils/browsersHelper是一个浏览器支持的帮助utils，由于在react-scripts v2以后必需要提供一个browser list支持列表，不过咱们能够在package.json中看到，模版项目中已经为咱们生成了：

"browserslist": {
  "production": [
    ">0.2%",
    "not dead",
    "not op_mini all"
  ],
  "development": [
    "last 1 chrome version",
    "last 1 firefox version",
    "last 1 safari version"
  ]
}
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检查完devServer端口后，进入咱们核心逻辑执行，这里的主线仍是和咱们使用webpack方式几乎没什么区别，首先会经过configFactory建立出一个webpack的configuration object，而后经过createDevServerConfig建立出一个devServer的configuration object，而后传递webpack config实例化一个webpack compiler实例，传递devServer的configuration实例化一个WDS实例开始监听指定的端口，最后经过openBrowser调用咱们的浏览器，打开咱们的SPA。

其实，整个流程咱们看到这里，已经结束了，咱们知道WDS和webpack配合，能够进行热更，file changes watching等功能，咱们开发时，经过修改源代码，或者样式文件，会被实时监听，而后webpack中的HWR会实时刷新浏览器页面，能够很方便的进行实时调试开发。

const config = configFactory('development');
const protocol = process.env.HTTPS === 'true' ? 'https' : 'http';
const appName = require(paths.appPackageJson).name;
const useTypeScript = fs.existsSync(paths.appTsConfig);
const urls = prepareUrls(protocol, HOST, port);
const devSocket = {
  warnings: warnings =>
    devServer.sockWrite(devServer.sockets, 'warnings', warnings),
  errors: errors =>
    devServer.sockWrite(devServer.sockets, 'errors', errors),
};
// Create a webpack compiler that is configured with custom messages.
const compiler = createCompiler({
  appName,
  config,
  devSocket,
  urls,
  useYarn,
  useTypeScript,
  webpack,
});
// Load proxy config
const proxySetting = require(paths.appPackageJson).proxy;
const proxyConfig = prepareProxy(proxySetting, paths.appPublic);
// Serve webpack assets generated by the compiler over a web server.
const serverConfig = createDevServerConfig(
  proxyConfig,
  urls.lanUrlForConfig
);
const devServer = new WebpackDevServer(compiler, serverConfig);
// Launch WebpackDevServer.
devServer.listen(port, HOST, err => {
  if (err) {
    return console.log(err);
  }
  if (isInteractive) {
    clearConsole();
  }

  // We used to support resolving modules according to `NODE_PATH`.
  // This now has been deprecated in favor of jsconfig/tsconfig.json
  // This lets you use absolute paths in imports inside large monorepos:
  if (process.env.NODE_PATH) {
    console.log(
      chalk.yellow(
        'Setting NODE_PATH to resolve modules absolutely has been deprecated in favor of setting baseUrl in jsconfig.json (or tsconfig.json if you are using TypeScript) and will be removed in a future major release of create-react-app.'
      )
    );
    console.log();
  }

  console.log(chalk.cyan('Starting the development server...\n'));
  openBrowser(urls.localUrlForBrowser);
});

['SIGINT', 'SIGTERM'].forEach(function(sig) {
  process.on(sig, function() {
    devServer.close();
    process.exit();
  });
});
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经过start命令的追踪，咱们知道CRA最终仍是经过WDS和webpack进行开发监听的，其实build会比start更简单，只是在webpack configuration中会进行优化。CRA作到了能够0配置，就能进行react项目的开发，调试，打包。

实际上是由于CRA把复杂的webpack config配置封装起来了，把babel plugins预设好了，把开发时会经常使用到的一个环境检查，polyfill兼容都给开发者作了，因此使用起来会比咱们直接使用webpack，本身进行重复的配置信息设置要来的简单不少。