python实现websocket

时间 2019-11-10

原文原文链接

# websocket实现原理
'''
1.服务端开启socket，监听ip和端口
2.客户端发送链接请求（带上ip和端口）
3.服务端容许链接
4.客户端生成一个随机字符串，和magic string组合进行一个sha1加密，加密。并将随机字符串发送给服务端
5.而后服务端也要用相同的方式进行加密。
6.而后服务端将加密以后的密串返回给客户端
7.客户端将服务端返回的密串和本身加密以后的密串进行比对，若是同样，说明遵循一样的协议。若是不同，就无法玩了·····
'''

import socket
import base64
import hashlib
from pprint import pprint


def get_headers(data):
    """
    将请求头格式化成字典
    :param data:
    :return:
    """
    header_dict = {}
    data = str(data, encoding='utf-8')

    header, body = data.split('\r\n\r\n', 1)
    header_list = header.split('\r\n')
    for i in range(0, len(header_list)):
        if i == 0:
            if len(header_list[i].split(' ')) == 3:
                header_dict['method'], header_dict['url'], header_dict['protocol'] = header_list[i].split(' ')
        else:
            k, v = header_list[i].split(':', 1)
            header_dict[k] = v.strip()
    return header_dict


server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server.bind(('localhost', 8080))
server.listen(5)

# 等待用户链接
conn, addr = server.accept()

# 握手消息
content = conn.recv(8096)
'''
>>> print(content)

b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: localhost:8080\r\nConnection: Upgrade\r\nPragma: no-cache\r\nCache-Control: no-cache\r\nUpgrade: websocket\r\nOrigin: http://localhost:63342\r\nSec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br\r\nAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9\r\nCookie: uuid=81a68694c772e0c62d4a5a3c256fe3e0; sensorsdata2015jssdkcross=%7B%22distinct_id%22%3A%2216453a8bf2bbe-09a40e8e58a866-5e442e19-1fa400-16453a8bf2c745%22%7D; Hm_lvt_2af69bc2b378fb58ae04ed2a04257ed1=1530411925; Pycharm-bdfc5fce=a920e49d-da4e-4d2f-a76e-17acfacc6462\r\nSec-WebSocket-Key: 1y6WpsSgfF80wqi3HpmrqQ==\r\nSec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate; client_max_window_bits\r\n\r\n'
'''

# 获取请求头
headers = get_headers(content)
'''
>>>pprint(headers)
{'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
 'Connection': 'Upgrade',
 'Cookie': 'Pycharm-bdfc5fce=a920e49d-da4e-4d2f-a76e-17acfacc6462',
 'Host': 'localhost:8080',
 'Origin': 'http://localhost:63342',
 'Sec-WebSocket-Key': 'RRGDeYeYSGEP9eHy85u8oQ==',
 'Sec-WebSocket-Version': '13',
 'Upgrade': 'websocket',
 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) '
               'like Gecko',
 'method': 'GET',
 'protocol': 'HTTP/1.1',
 'url': '/'}
'''

# 规定：魔法字符串就叫这个
magic_string = "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11"

# 获取随机密串，并将其与魔法字符串组合
value = headers["Sec-WebSocket-Key"] + magic_string

# 进行加密,规定，只能按照此加密方式
hash_str = base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(bytes(value, encoding='utf-8')).digest())

response_tpl = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n" \
               "Upgrade:websocket\r\n" \
               "Connection: Upgrade\r\n" \
               "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: %s\r\n" \
               "WebSocket-Location: ws://%s%s\r\n\r\n"

# 获取握手消息，组合魔法字符串，进行sha1加密
# 发送给客户端
response_str = response_tpl % (str(hash_str, encoding='utf-8'), headers['Host'], headers['url'])
conn.send(bytes(response_str, encoding='utf-8'))

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <script>
        ws = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/");

        //若是链接成功，会打印下面这句话，不然不会打印
        ws.onopen = function () {
            console.log('链接成功')
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

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