Spring Cloud 声明式服务调用 Feign

1、简介java

 在上一篇中,咱们介绍注册中心Eureka,可是没有服务注册和服务调用,服务注册和服务调用原本应该在上一章就应该给出例子的,可是我以为仍是和Feign一块儿讲比较好,由于在实际项目中,都是使用声明式调用服务。而不会在客服端和服务端存储2份相同的model和api定义。Feign在RestTemplate的基础上对其封装,由它来帮助咱们定义和实现依赖服务接口的定义。Spring Cloud Feign 基于Netflix Feign 实现的,整理Spring Cloud Ribbon 与 Spring Cloud Hystrix,而且实现了声明式的Web服务客户端定义方式。web

2、实践spring

在上一节中,我继续添加工程模块,最后的模块以下:apache

首先咱们须要建一个工程,名为hello-service-api 在工程主要定义对外提供的model 和api。服务的提供方和服务的消费方都要依赖该工程jar,这样咱们就能够只维护一份model 和api定义。在该例子中主要以下结构json

 

很是简单,只有1个HelloServieRemoteApi 接口定义和User对象。api

@RequestMapping("/hello-service-remote")
public interface HelloServiceRemoteApi {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello1", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    String hello(@RequestParam("name") String name);

    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello2", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    User hello(@RequestHeader("name") String name,@RequestHeader("age") Integer age);


    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello3", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    String hello(@RequestBody User user);
    
}

在上面的接口定义中,咱们很是的清晰,在接口上面咱们主映射为/hello-service-remote,我的感受已接口的名字经过“-”这样能够很是的区分不一样的接口路径,防止多接口时发生重复。接下来具体方法的上面能够定义于方法名同样的路径映射,我这里已 /hello1,/hello2,/hello3为主。app

public class User implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -7233238826463139634L;

    private Long id;

    private String name;

    private Integer age;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String name, Integer age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

上面就是简单的一个User对象。 负载均衡

从上面的接口中发现,该api工程须要引入spring-web包。因此它的pom.xml以下:maven

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>hello-service-api</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <groupId>com.qee.hello</groupId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

  从上面的pom.xml定义中,咱们知道hello-service-api并不集成父工程micro-service-integration。通常做为api提供的工程jar,依赖越少越好。ide

接下来咱们须要建立一个提供者工程,咱们把它命名为hello-service-compose。该工程也是标准的Spring Boot工程。具体的目录以下:

  在工程中咱们有一个刚才hello-service-api接口定义的实现。代码以下:

@RestController
public class HelloServiceRemoteApiImpl implements HelloServiceRemoteApi {

    @Override
    public String hello(@RequestParam("name") String name) {
        return "hello " + name;
    }

    @Override
    public User hello(@RequestHeader("name") String name, @RequestHeader("age") Integer age) {
        try {
            name= URLDecoder.decode(name,"UTF-8");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return new User(name, age);
    }

    @Override
    public String hello(@RequestBody User user) {
        if (user == null) {
            return "未知";
        }
        return user.toString();
    }
}

由于是测试工程,因此它没有复杂的业务逻辑。接下来就是HelloProviderApplication的启动main.

package com.qee.remote;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;


@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloProviderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(HelloProviderApplication.class, args);
    }
}

在上面有2个注解,第一个 SpringBootApplication 就是Spring Boot 启动注解,EnableDiscoveryClient 该注解会把RestController修饰的类注册到注册中心去。

接下来咱们来看下application.properties

server.port=8885

spring.application.name=hello-service-compose


eureka.instance.hostname=register.center.com

eureka.instance.server.port=8881


#默认的注册域
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${eureka.instance.server.port}/eureka/


#控制台彩色输出
spring.output.ansi.enabled=ALWAYS

从上面信息咱们知道,改工程启动端口为8885,注册中心地址为register.center.com:8881。

接下来咱们查看一下该工程的pom.xml定义

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>micro-service-integration</artifactId>
        <groupId>spring.cloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>hello-service-compose</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.qee.hello</groupId>
            <artifactId>hello-service-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
</project>

  从pom.xml文件中知道该工程依赖了web,euraka,ribbon,actuator,hello-service-api 包。其中euraka为服务注册和发现包,ribbon为服务调用负载均衡包,actuator为工程元信息检测包。还有咱们本身定义的hello-service-api包。

在上面的简单配置和编写后,咱们就能够启动工程把该HelloServiceRemoteApi注册到注册中心去了。

  如今有了服务接口定义包和服务提供工程,如今咱们编写一下服务调用工程。命名为hello-service-web。该工程的目录结构以下:

首先咱们来看下HelloBackgroundService 这个接口。

@FeignClient(value = "hello-service-compose")
public interface HelloBackgroundService extends HelloServiceRemoteApi{
}

 很是的简单,主要继承咱们以前编辑的HelloServiceRemoteApi,而且在上面打上FeignClient注解,该注解指定服务名来绑定服务。该注解同时会使服务调用具备负载均衡的能力。

接下来咱们来看下HelloController类

@RestController
public class HelloController {

    @Autowired
    private HelloBackgroundService helloBackgroundService;

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public Map<String,Object> hello(){
        Map<String,Object> ret = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        String s1 = helloBackgroundService.hello("张三");
        sb.append(s1).append("\n");
        User user = null;
        try {
            user = helloBackgroundService.hello(URLEncoder.encode("李四", "UTF-8"), 30);
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        sb.append(user.toString()).append("\n");
        String s3 = helloBackgroundService.hello(new User("王五", 19));
        sb.append(s3).append("\n");
        ret.put("show",sb.toString());
        return ret;
    }
}

  从上面得知咱们,咱们就能够调用以前的咱们编写的HelloBackgroundService了。接下来咱们查看一下启动类HelloConsumerApp

  

package com.qee;

import feign.Logger;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;


@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloConsumerApp {

    @Bean
    Logger.Level feginLoggerLevel(){
        return Logger.Level.FULL;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(HelloConsumerApp.class, args);
    }
}

 在该启动了中又多了一个注解EnableFeignClients ,该注解开启Spring Cloud Feign的支持。接着咱们来查看一下application.properties

server.port=8887

spring.application.name=hello-service-web


eureka.instance.hostname=register.center.com

eureka.instance.server.port=8881


#默认的注册域
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${eureka.instance.server.port}/eureka/

#开启请求压缩功能
feign.compression.request.enabled=true

#开启响应压缩功能
feign.compression.response.enabled=true

#指定压缩请求数据类型
feign.compression.request.mime-types=text/xml;application/xml;application/json

#若是传输超过该字节,就对其进行压缩
feign.compression.request.min-request-size=2048

#控制台彩色输出
spring.output.ansi.enabled=ALWAYS


#日志配置,该接口的日志级别
logging.level.com.qee.service.HelloBackgroundService=DEBUG

 从上面的注释中,咱们已经能够知道具体的配置参数的做用,这里就不详细介绍了。从上面的配置和编写咱们能够知道,该工程须要以下的依赖包,pom.xml文件以下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>micro-service-integration</artifactId>
        <groupId>spring.cloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>hello-service-web</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.qee.hello</groupId>
            <artifactId>hello-service-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
</project>

  该服务消费端,比服务提供方多了一个jar依赖,就是feign。该jar的做用就是提供声明式的服务调用。到这里咱们本章的内容大体结束,最后咱们来运行这几个工程。查看以下结果:

从上面咱们能够看到2个工程hello-service-compose 和hello-service-web都已经注册到注册中心eureka上了。接下来看一下调用结果:

到这里服务注册中心启动,服务注册,服务消费大体都已完成,以后会向你们一块儿学习服务调用的负载均衡Ribbon和服务容错保护Hystrix.

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