gocolly是用go实现的网络爬虫框架,目前在github上具备3400+星,名列go版爬虫程序榜首。gocolly快速优雅,在单核上每秒能够发起1K以上请求;以回调函数的形式提供了一组接口,能够实现任意类型的爬虫;依赖goquery库能够像jquery同样选择web元素。jquery
gocolly的官方网站是http://go-colly.org/,提供了详细的文档和示例代码。安装colly:git
go get -u github.com/gocolly/colly/...
在代码中导入包:github
import "github.com/gocolly/colly"
colly的主体是Collector对象,管理网络通讯和负责在做业运行时执行附加的回掉函数。使用colly须要先初始化Collector:web
c := colly.NewCollector()
能够向colly附加各类不一样类型的回掉函数,来控制收集做业或获取信息。增长回掉函数:api
c.OnRequest(func(r *colly.Request) { fmt.Println("Visiting", r.URL) }) c.OnError(func(_ *colly.Response, err error) { log.Println("Something went wrong:", err) }) c.OnResponse(func(r *colly.Response) { fmt.Println("Visited", r.URL) }) c.OnHTML("a[href]", func(e *colly.HTMLElement) { e.Request.Visit(e.Attr("href")) }) c.OnHTML("tr td:nth-of-type(1)", func(e *colly.HTMLElement) { fmt.Println("First column of a table row:", e.Text) }) c.OnScraped(func(r *colly.Response) { fmt.Println("Finished", r.URL) })
回掉函数的调用顺序以下:网络
在发起请求前被调用框架
请求过程当中若是发生错误被调用dom
收到回复后被调用函数
在OnResponse以后被调用,若是收到的内容是HTML网站
在OnHTML以后被调用
官方提供的Basic示例代码:
package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/gocolly/colly" ) func main() { // Instantiate default collector c := colly.NewCollector() // Visit only domains: hackerspaces.org, wiki.hackerspaces.org c.AllowedDomains = []string{"hackerspaces.org", "wiki.hackerspaces.org"} // On every a element which has href attribute call callback c.OnHTML("a[href]", func(e *colly.HTMLElement) { link := e.Attr("href") // Print link fmt.Printf("Link found: %q -> %s\n", e.Text, link) // Visit link found on page // Only those links are visited which are in AllowedDomains c.Visit(e.Request.AbsoluteURL(link)) }) // Before making a request print "Visiting ..." c.OnRequest(func(r *colly.Request) { fmt.Println("Visiting", r.URL.String()) }) // Start scraping on https://hackerspaces.org c.Visit("https://hackerspaces.org/") }
该实例程序仅访问hackerspaces.org域内的连接,OnHTML回掉函数的选择器为a[href],选择页面内具备href属性的a类型元素,找到连接后继续抓取。 运行的部分结果以下:
PS E:\mygo\src\github.com\gocolly\colly\_examples\basic> .\basic.exe Visiting https://hackerspaces.org/ Link found: "navigation" -> #column-one Link found: "search" -> #searchInput Link found: "" -> /File:Cbase07.jpg Visiting https://hackerspaces.org/File:Cbase07.jpg Link found: "navigation" -> #column-one Link found: "search" -> #searchInput Link found: "File" -> #file Link found: "File history" -> #filehistory Link found: "File usage" -> #filelinks Link found: "" -> /images/e/ec/Cbase07.jpg Visiting https://hackerspaces.org/images/e/ec/Cbase07.jpg Link found: "800 × 600 pixels" -> /images/thumb/e/ec/Cbase07.jpg/800px-Cbase07.jpg Visiting https://hackerspaces.org/images/thumb/e/ec/Cbase07.jpg/800px-Cbase07.jpg