Rails 4 学习笔记

• rails new 建立一个rails项目 rails new blog --skip-test-unit
• rails server|s 启动服务器
• rails console 开启控制台

• rails generate controller StaticPages home help --no-test-framework 使用 --no-test-framework 选项禁用rspec框架生成测试代码。另外Rails会调用underscore方法把驼峰式的命名修改成蛇底式。例如上面的StatiPages的控制器对应的文件名为：static_pages_controller.rb，这只是一个约定，在命令行中也可使用蛇底式。

  在生成错误的时候可使用 rails destroy [controller|model|view] [controller_name] [action] [action...] 来删除指定的controller

• rake 用来编译构建项目的一个工具，相似于unix下的make命令，能够用 rake -T 命令来查看有什么操做指令。

  也能够查看指定的命令的帮助，例如：rake -T db

  rake about # List versions of all Rails frameworks and the...
  rake assets:clean # Remove old compiled assets
  rake assets:clobber # Remove compiled assets
  rake assets:environment # Load asset compile environment
  rake assets:precompile # Compile all the assets named in config.assets...
  rake db:create # Create the database from DATABASE_URL or conf...
  rake db:drop # Drops the database using DATABASE_URL or the ...
  rake db:fixtures:load # Load fixtures into the current environment's ...
  rake db:migrate # Migrate the database (options: VERSION=x, VER...
  rake db:migrate:status # Display status of migrations
  rake db:rollback # Rolls the schema back to the previous version...
  rake db:schema:cache:clear # Clear a db/schema_cache.dump file
  rake db:schema:cache:dump # Create a db/schema_cache.dump file
  rake db:schema:dump # Create a db/schema.rb file that can be portab...
  rake db:schema:load # Load a schema.rb file into the database
  rake db:seed # Load the seed data from db/seeds.rb
  rake db:setup # Create the database, load the schema, and ini...
  rake db:structure:dump # Dump the database structure to db/structure.sql
  rake db:version # Retrieves the current schema version number
  rake doc:app # Generate docs for the app -- also available d...
  rake log:clear # Truncates all *.log files in log/ to zero byt...
  rake middleware # Prints out your Rack middleware stack
  rake notes # Enumerate all annotations (use notes:optimize...
  rake notes:custom # Enumerate a custom annotation, specify with A...
  rake rails:template # Applies the template supplied by LOCATION=(/p...
  rake rails:update # Update configs and some other initially gener...
  rake routes # Print out all defined routes in match order, ...
  rake secret # Generate a cryptographically secure secret ke...
  rake stats # Report code statistics (KLOCs, etc) from the ...
  rake test # Runs test:units, test:functionals, test:integ...
  rake test:all # Run tests quickly by merging all types and no...
  rake test:all:db # Run tests quickly, but also reset db
  rake test:recent # Run tests for {:recent=>["test:deprecated", "...
  rake test:uncommitted # Run tests for {:uncommitted=>["test:deprecate...
  rake time:zones:all # Displays all time zones, also available: time...
  rake tmp:clear # Clear session, cache, and socket files from t...
  rake tmp:create # Creates tmp directories for sessions, cache, ...

• rails generate|g 生成器，能够以不一样的指令生成不一样形式的模板。

  Rails:

  • assets
  • controller
  • generator
  • helper
  • integration_test
  • jbuilder
  • mailer
  • migration
  • model
  • resource
  • scaffold
  • scaffold_controller
  • task

  Coffee:

  • coffee:assets

  Jquery:

  • jquery:install

  Js:

  • js:assets

  TestUnit:

  • test_unit:plugin

• bundle install：咱们使用 -without production 禁止安装生产环境所需的 gem。这个选项会被记住，因此后续调用 Bundler 就不用再指定这个选项，直接运行 bundle install 就能够自动不安装生产环境所需的 gem

---

安装ckedit步骤：

1. 加入gem

   gem 'ckeditor'
   gem 'paperclip'

2. 生成文件
   rails generate ckeditor:install --orm=active_record --backend=paperclip

3. 配置 model 环境，打开 application.rb 加入下面
   config.autoload_paths += %W(#{config.root}/app/models/ckeditor)

4. 在 routes 里面增长 路由
   mount Ckeditor::Engine => "/ckeditor"

5. 打开application.js 加入
   //= require ckeditor/init

更多内容请查看：https://github.com/galetahub/ckeditor

---

开发环境配置

1. 默认状况下Rails erb输出会转义html标签，如何在rails中不让html标签转义？
   答：使用raw 或者 html_safe

2. 如何过滤掉html、css、js标签？
   答案：能够是用SanitizeHelper，有以下方法：sanitize、strip_css、strip_links、strip_tags

3. 经常使用 rake 命令
   rake assets:precompile 编译静态资源文件
   rake routes 列出全部的restful route
   rake stats 查看当前工程状况
   rake secret 生成session 加密指纹

4. Rails debug
   增长下面的代码
   gem debugger
rails s --debugger
   而后在须要debug的地方加上 debugger 就能够了。

5. 查看资源路径
   Rails.application.config.assets.paths

---

Helper 标签

• form_for
• link_to
• image_tag
• assets_tag

---

Gem命令

• 清除老版本的gem
  gem cleanup

• 删除全部的已安装的gem
  for i in ‘gem list --no-versions’; do gem uninstall -aIx $i; done

---

软件安装

Mac 安装libxml2

brew install libxml2 libxslt 
brew link libxml2 libxslt

MySQL安装：

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

修改密码

mysqladmin -u帐号 -p老密码 password 新密码

设置编码格式

create database ``test`` default character set utf8;

PostgreSQL安装配置

http://dhq.me/mac-postgresql-install-usage

Heroku

删除数据库
heroku pg:reset

---

第一章 http://www.tuicool.com/articles/3uyAny
第二章 http://www.tuicool.com/articles/Y363Erf
第三章 http://www.tuicool.com/articles/MnMf2i
第四章 http://www.tuicool.com/articles/j2Erye
第五章 http://www.tuicool.com/articles/u6FRBr7
第六章 http://www.tuicool.com/articles/6j67je